第 23 节
作者:天净沙      更新:2022-05-01 22:41      字数:9322
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  Englishmen be made not only to respect; but even to love you。 When they
  think   well   of   individuals   in   your   native   country;   they   will   go   nearer   to
  thinking well of your country; and when your countrymen see themselves
  well   thought   of   by   Englishmen;   they   will   go   nearer   to   thinking   well   of
  England。 Extend your views even further; do not stop at those who speak
  the English tongue; but after having settled so many points in nature and
  politics; think of bettering the whole race of men。 As I have not read any
  part of the life in question; but know only the character that lived it; I write
  somewhat   at   hazard。   I   am   sure;   however;   that   the   life   and   the   treatise   I
  allude   to   (on   the   Art   of   Virtue)   will   necessarily   fulfil   the   chief   of   my
  expectations; and still more so if you take up the measure of suiting these
  performances to the several views above stated。 Should they even prove
  unsuccessful in all that a sanguine admirer of yours hopes from them; you
  will at least have framed pieces to interest the human mind; and whoever
  gives a feeling of pleasure that is innocent to man; has added so much to
  the   fair   side   of   a   life   otherwise   too   much   darkened   by   anxiety   and   too
  much   injured   by   pain。   In   the   hope;   therefore;   that   you   will   listen   to   the
  prayer addressed to you in this letter; I beg to subscribe myself; my dearest
  sir; etc。; etc。;
  〃Signed; BENJ。 VAUGHAN。〃
  Continuation of the Account of my Life; begun at Passy; near Paris;
  1784。
  It is some time since I receiv'd the above letters; but I have been too
  busy till now to think of complying with the request they contain。 It might;
  too;   be   much   better   done   if   I   were   at   home   among   my   papers;   which
  would aid my   memory; and help   to ascertain dates; but my return   being
  uncertain and having just now a little leisure; I will endeavor to recollect
  and write what I can; if I live to get home; it may there be corrected and
  improv'd。
  Not   having   any   copy   here   of   what   is   already   written;   I   know   not
  whether      an   account     is  given    of  the   means     I  used    to  establish    the
  Philadelphia public library; which; from a small beginning; is now become
  so considerable; though I remember to have come down to near the time of
  that transaction (1730)。 I will therefore begin here with an account of it;
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  which may be struck out if found to have been already given。
  At the time I establish'd myself in Pennsylvania; there was not a good
  bookseller's   shop   in   any   of   the   colonies   to   the   southward   of   Boston。   In
  New York and Philad'a the printers were indeed stationers; they sold only
  paper;   etc。;   almanacs;   ballads;   and   a   few   common   school…books。   Those
  who lov'd reading were oblig'd to send for their books from England; the
  members of the Junto had each a few。 We had left the alehouse; where we
  first met; and hired a room to hold our club in。 I propos'd that we should
  all of us bring our books to that room; where they would not only be ready
  to consult in our conferences; but become a common benefit; each of us
  being   at   liberty   to   borrow   such   as   he   wish'd   to   read   at   home。  This   was
  accordingly done; and for some time contented us。
  Finding the advantage of this little collection; I propos'd to render the
  benefit from books more common; by commencing a public subscription
  library。 I drew a sketch of the plan and rules that would be necessary; and
  got a skilful conveyancer; Mr。 Charles Brockden; to put the whole in form
  of   articles   of  agreement      to  be  subscribed;     by   which    each   subscriber
  engag'd to pay a certain sum down for the first purchase of books; and an
  annual contribution for increasing them。 So   few were the readers at   that
  time in Philadelphia; and the majority of us so poor; that I was not able;
  with    great    industry;   to  find   more    than    fifty  persons;    mostly    young
  tradesmen; willing to pay down for this purpose forty shillings each; and
  ten   shillings   per   annum。   On   this   little   fund   we   began。   The   books   were
  imported; the library wag opened one day in the week for lending to the
  subscribers; on their promissory notes to pay double the value if not duly
  returned。 The institution soon manifested its utility; was imitated by other
  towns; and in other provinces。 The libraries were augmented by donations;
  reading      became      fashionable;     and    our    people;    having     no    publick
  amusements to divert their attention from study; became better acquainted
  with   books;   and   in   a   few   years   were   observ'd   by   strangers   to   be   better
  instructed and more intelligent than people of the same rank generally are
  in other countries。
  When we were about to sign the above…mentioned articles; which were
  to be binding upon us; our  heirs; etc。;  for fifty years;  Mr。 Brockden; the
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  scrivener; said to us; 〃You are young men; but it is scarcely probable that
  any    of   you   will   live   to  see   the  expiration     of  the   term   fix'd   in  the
  instrument。〃 A number of us; however; are yet living; but the instrument
  was after a few years rendered null by a charter that incorporated and gave
  perpetuity to the company。
  The     objections      and    reluctances      I  met    with     in   soliciting    the
  subscriptions; made me soon feel the impropriety of presenting one's self
  as the proposer of any useful project; that might be suppos'd to raise one's
  reputation in the smallest degree above that of one's neighbors; when one
  has   need   of   their   assistance   to   accomplish   that   project。   I   therefore   put
  myself   as   much   as   I   could   out   of   sight;   and   stated   it   as   a   scheme   of   a
  number of   friends;  who   had   requested   me   to   go about   and propose   it   to
  such as they thought lovers of reading。 In this way my affair went on more
  smoothly;   and   I   ever   after   practis'd   it   on   such   occasions;   and;   from   my
  frequent successes; can heartily recommend it。 The present little sacrifice
  of   your   vanity   will   afterwards   be   amply   repaid。   If   it   remains   a   while
  uncertain to whom the merit belongs; some one more vain than yourself
  will be encouraged to claim it; and then even envy will be disposed to do
  you justice by plucking those assumed feathers; and restoring them to their
  right owner。
  This library afforded me the means of improvement by constant study;
  for which I set apart an hour or two each day; and thus repair'd in some
  degree the loss of the learned education my father once intended for me。
  Reading   was   the   only   amusement   I   allow'd   myself。   I   spent   no   time   in
  taverns; games; or frolicks of any kind; and my industry in my business
  continu'd   as   indefatigable   as   it   was   necessary。   I    was   indebted   for   my
  printing…house; I had a young family coming on to be educated; and I had
  to   contend   with   for   business   two   printers;   who   were   established   in   the
  place    before    me。   My    circumstances;       however;     grew    daily   easier。  My
  original habits of   frugality  continuing;  and   my  father having;  among   his
  instructions to me when a boy; frequently repeated a proverb of Solomon;
  〃Seest thou a man diligent in his calling; he shall stand before kings; he
  shall not stand before mean men;〃 I from thence considered industry as a
  means of obtaining wealth and distinction; which encourag'd me; tho' I did
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  not think that I should ever literally stand before kings; which; however;
  has since happened; for I have stood before five; and even had the honor
  of sitting down with one; the King of Denmark; to dinner。
  We have an English proverb that says; 〃He that would thrive; must ask
  his wife。〃 It was lucky for me that I had one as much dispos'd to industry
  and frugality as myself。 She assisted me cheerfully in my business; folding
  and   stitching   pamphlets;   tending   shop;   purchasing   old   linen   rags   for   the
  papermakers; etc。; etc。 We kept no idle servants; our tabl