第 22 节
作者:天净沙      更新:2022-05-01 22:41      字数:9322
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  determined;   and   the   term   of   life   extending   but   from   youth   to   age;   life
  ought to begin well from youth; and more especially before we take our
  party as to our principal objects。 But your biography will not merely teach
  self…education; but the education of a wise man; and the wisest man will
  receive lights and improve his progress; by seeing detailed the conduct of
  another wise man。 And why are weaker men to be deprived of such helps;
  when we see our race has been blundering on in the dark; almost without a
  guide   in   this   particular;   from   the   farthest   trace   of   time?   Show   then;   sir;
  how much is to be done; both to sons and fathers; and invite all wise men
  to become like yourself; and other men to become wise。 When we see how
  cruel statesmen and   warriors can be   to the human   race; and how   absurd
  distinguished   men   can   be   to   their   acquaintance;   it   will   be   instructive   to
  observe the instances multiply of pacific; acquiescing manners; and to find
  how   compatible   it   is   to   be   great   and   domestic;   enviable   and   yet   good…
  humored。
  〃The   little   private   incidents   which   you   will   also   have   to   relate;   will
  have considerable use; as we want; above all things; rules of prudence in
  ordinary affairs; and it will be curious to see how you have acted in these。
  It will be so far a sort of key to life; and explain many things that all men
  ought to have once explained to them; to give; them a chance of becoming
  wise by foresight。 The nearest thing to having experience of one's own; is
  to   have    other    people's    affairs   brought     before    us   in  a   shape    that   is
  interesting;      this  is   sure   to   happen     from    your    pen;    our   affairs   and
  management will have an air of simplicity or importance that will not fail
  to   strike;   and   I   am   convinced   you   have   conducted   them   with   as   much
  originality     as   if  you   had    been    conducting      discussions      in  politics   or
  philosophy;       and    what    more     worthy     of  experiments       and    system     (its
  importance and its errors considered) than human life?
  〃Some       men    have     been    virtuous     blindly;   others    have     speculated
  fantastically; and others have been shrewd to bad purposes; but you; sir; I
  am   sure;   will   give   under   your   hand;   nothing   but   what   is   at   the   same
  moment; wise; practical and good; your account of yourself (for I suppose
  the parallel I am drawing for Dr。 Franklin; will hold not only in point of
  character;   but   of   private   history)   will   show   that   you   are   ashamed   of   no
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  origin; a thing the more important; as you prove how little necessary all
  origin   is   to   happiness;   virtue;   or   greatness。 As   no   end   likewise   happens
  without a means; so we shall find; sir; that even you yourself framed a plan
  by which you became considerable; but at the same time we may see that
  though   the   event   is   flattering;the   means   are   as   simple   as   wisdom   could
  make       them;that      is;  depending        upon     nature;     virtue;    thought     and
  habit。Another       thing    demonstrated       will  be   the   propriety    of  everyman's
  waiting     for   his  time   for   appearing     upon    the   stage   of  the   world。    Our
  sensations being very much fixed to the moment; we are apt to forget that
  more moments are to follow the first; and consequently that man should
  arrange   his   conduct   so   as   to   suit   the   whole   of   a   life。   Your   attribution
  appears to have been applied to your life; and the passing moments of it
  have     been    enlivened      with    content    and    enjoyment       instead    of   being
  tormented with foolish impatience or regrets。 Such a conduct is easy for
  those   who   make   virtue   and   themselves   in   countenance   by   examples   of
  other truly great men; of whom patience is so often the characteristic。 Your
  Quaker correspondent; sir (for here again I will suppose the subject of my
  letter    resembling      Dr。   Franklin);    praised    your    frugality;    diligence    and
  temperance;       which     he  considered      as  a  pattern    for  all  youth;    but  it  is
  singular      that    he   should      have    forgotten      your    modesty       and    your
  disinterestedness;   without   which   you   never   could   have   waited   for   your
  advancement; or found your situation in the mean time comfortable; which
  is   a   strong   lesson   to   show   the   poverty   of   glory   and   the   importance   of
  regulating our minds。 If this correspondent had known the nature of your
  reputation as well as I do; he would have said; Your former writings and
  measures would secure attention to your Biography; and Art of Virtue; and
  your   Biography   and   Art   of   Virtue;   in   return;   would   secure   attention   to
  them。 This is an advantage attendant upon a various character; and which
  brings all that belongs to it into greater play; and it is the more useful; as
  perhaps more persons are at a loss for the means of improving their minds
  and characters; than they are for the time or the inclination to do it。 But
  there is one concluding reflection; sir; that will shew the use of your life as
  a mere piece of biography。 This style of writing seems a little gone out of
  vogue;   and   yet   it   is   a   very   useful   one;   and   your   specimen   of   it   may   be
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  particularly serviceable; as it will make a subject of comparison with the
  lives of various public cutthroats and intriguers; and with absurd monastic
  self…tormentors or vain literary triflers。 If it encourages more writings of
  the same kind with your own; and induces more men to spend lives fit to
  be   written;   it   will   be   worth   all   Plutarch's   Lives   put   together。   But   being
  tired of   figuring   to   myself   a   character   of   which   every  feature   suits   only
  one man in the world; without giving him the praise of it; I shall end my
  letter; my dear Dr。 Franklin; with a personal application to your proper self。
  I am earnestly desirous;  then; my dear   sir; that you   should let the   world
  into the traits of your genuine character; as civil broils nay otherwise tend
  to disguise or traduce it。 Considering your great age; the caution of your
  character; and your peculiar style of thinking; it is not likely that any one
  besides yourself can be sufficiently master of the facts of your life; or the
  intentions   of   your   mind。   Besides   all   this;   the   immense   revolution   of   the
  present period; will necessarily turn our attention towards the author of it;
  and when virtuous principles have been pretended in it; it will be highly
  important   to   shew   that   such   have   really   influenced;   and;   as   your   own
  character will be the principal one to receive a scrutiny; it is proper (even
  for its effects upon your vast and rising country; as well as upon England
  and   upon   Europe)   that   it   should   stand   respectable   and   eternal。   For   the
  furtherance       of  human     happiness;      I  have   always     maintained      that   it  is
  necessary to prove that man is not even at present a vicious and detestable
  animal; and still more to prove that good management may greatly amend
  him;   and   it   is   for   much   the   same   reason;   that   I   am   anxious   to   see   the
  opinion      established;     that  there   are   fair  characters     existing    among      the
  individuals of   the   race;   for the   moment   that   all   men;   without   exception;
  shall be conceived abandoned; good people will cease efforts deemed to
  be hopeless; and perhaps think of taking their share in the scramble of life;
  or at least of making it comfortable principally for themselves。 Take then;
  my dear sir; this work most speedily into hand: shew yourself good as you
  are   good;   temperate   as   you   are   temperate;   and   above   all   things;   prove
  yourself   as   one;   who   from   your   infancy   have   loved   justice;   liberty   and
  concord; in a way that has made it natural and consistent for you to have
  acted; as we have seen you act in the last seventeen years of your life。 Let
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