第 31 节
作者:淋雨      更新:2021-12-07 09:32      字数:9322
  bucketfuls     of  gold   into  the   streets?   The    Machine     will  not   let  them。
  Always the Machine。          In short; they dont know how。
  They try to reform Society as an old lady might try to restore a broken
  down locomotive by prodding it with a knitting needle。               And this is not at
  all because they are born fools; but because they have been educated; not
  into manhood and freedom; but into blindness and slavery by their parents
  and schoolmasters; themselves the victims of a similar misdirection; and
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  consequently of The Machine。           They do not want liberty。       They have not
  been educated to want it。       They choose slavery and inequality; and all the
  other evils are automatically added to them。
  And   yet   we   must   have   The   Machine。    It   is   only   in   unskilled   hands
  under ignorant direction that machinery is dangerous。               We can no more
  govern modern communities without political machinery than we can feed
  and clothe them without industrial machinery。            Shatter The Machine; and
  you get Anarchy。        And yet The Machine works so detestably at present
  that    we   have    people    who    advocate     Anarchy     and   call   themselves
  Anarchists。
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  The Provocation to Anarchism
  What   is   valid   in   Anarchism   is   that   all   Governments   try   to   simplify
  their   task   by   destroying   liberty   and   glorifying   authority   in   general   and
  their   own   deeds   in   particular。   But   the   difficulty   in   combining   law   and
  order     with   free   institutions   is  not   a  natural    one。    It  is  a  matter    of
  inculcation。      If   people    are  brought    up   to  be   slaves;   it  is  useless  and
  dangerous to let them loose at the age of twenty…one and say 〃Now you
  are free。〃     No one with the tamed soul and broken spirit of a slave can be
  free。    It   is   like   saying   to   a   laborer   brought   up   on   a   family   income   of
  thirteen   shillings   a   week;   〃Here   is   one   hundred   thousand   pounds:      now
  you     are   wealthy。〃     Nothing       can   make     such   a   man    really   wealthy。
  Freedom and wealth are difficult and responsible conditions to which men
  must be accustomed and socially trained from birth。                  A nation that is free
  at twenty…one is not free at all; just as a man first enriched at fifty remains
  poor all his life; even if he does not curtail it by drinking himself to death
  in the first wild ecstasy of being able to swallow as much as he likes for
  the   first   time。  You   cannot   govern   men   brought   up   as   slaves   otherwise
  than   as   slaves   are   governed。     You   may   pile   Bills   of   Right   and   Habeas
  Corpus Acts on Great Charters; promulgate American Constitutions; burn
  the chateaux and guillotine the seigneurs; chop off the heads of kings and
  queens and set up Democracy on the ruins of feudalism:                    the end of it all
  for us is that already in the twentieth century there has been as much brute
  coercion and savage intolerance; as much flogging and hanging; as much
  impudent injustice on the bench and lustful rancor in the pulpit; as much
  naive   resort   to   torture;   persecution;   and   suppression   of   free   speech   and
  freedom   of     the   press;   as  much     war;   as  much    of   the  vilest   excess   of
  mutilation; rapine; and delirious indiscriminate slaughter of helpless non…
  combatants;   old   and   young;   as   much   prostitution   of   professional   talent;
  literary   and   political;   in   defence   of   manifest   wrong;   as   much   cowardly
  sycophancy giving   fine names   to all this villainy  or pretending that it is
  〃greatly exaggerated;〃 as we can find any record of from the days when
  the advocacy of liberty was a capital offence and Democracy was hardly
  thinkable。      Democracy exhibits the vanity of Louis XIV; the savagery of
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  Peter of Russia; the nepotism and provinciality of Napoleon; the fickleness
  of Catherine II:       in short; all the childishnesses of all the despots without
  any   of   the   qualities   that   enabled   the   greatest   of   them   to   fascinate   and
  dominate their contemporaries。
  And     the  flatterers   of  Democracy       are   as  impudently      servile   to  the
  successful;   and   insolent   to   common   honest   folk;   as   the   flatterers   of   the
  monarchs。       Democracy in America has led to the withdrawal of ordinary
  refined persons from politics; and the same result is coming in England as
  fast as we make Democracy as democratic as it is in America。                         This is
  true also of popular religion:         it is so horribly irreligious that nobody with
  the   smallest   pretence   to   culture;   or   the   least   inkling   of   what   the   great
  prophets vainly tried to make the world understand; will have anything to
  do with it except for purely secular reasons。
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  Imagination
  Before   we   can   clearly   understand   how   baleful   is   this   condition   of
  intimidation   in   which   we   live;   it   is   necessary   to   clear   up   the   confusion
  made   by   our   use   of   the   word   imagination   to   denote   two   very   different
  powers   of   mind。       One   is   the   power   to   imagine   things   as   they   are   not:
  this I call the romantic imagination。               The other is the power to imagine
  things as they are without actually sensing them; and this I will call   the
  realistic   imagination。        Take   for   example   marriage   and   war。         One   man
  has   a   vision   of   perpetual   bliss   with   a   domestic   angel   at   home;   and   of
  flashing   sabres;   thundering   guns;   victorious   cavalry   charges;   and   routed
  enemies in   the field。        That   is romantic   imagination;   and the  mischief  it
  does   is   incalculable。      It   begins   in   silly   and   selfish   expectations   of   the
  impossible; and ends in spiteful disappointment; sour grievance; cynicism;
  and   misanthropic   resistance   to   any   attempt   to   better   a   hopeless   world。
  The   wise   man   knows   that   imagination   is   not   only   a   means   of   pleasing
  himself   and   beguiling   tedious   hours   with   romances   and   fairy   tales   and
  fools'   paradises   (a   quite   defensible   and   delightful   amusement   when   you
  know exactly what you are doing and where fancy ends and facts begin);
  but   also   a   means   of   foreseeing   and   being   prepared   for   realities   as   yet
  unexperienced;   and   of   testing   the   possibility   and   desirability   of   serious
  Utopias。 He does not expect his wife to be an angel; nor does he overlook
  the    facts    that   war    depends       on   the    rousing     of   all   the   murderous
  blackguardism still latent in mankind; that every victory means a defeat;
  that    fatigue;    hunger;    terror;   and    disease    are   the   raw    material     which
  romancers work up into military glory; and that soldiers for the most part
  go to war as children go to school; because they are afraid not to。                        They
  are   afraid   even   to   say   they   are   afraid;   as   such   candor   is   punishable   by
  death in the military code。
  A very little realistic imagination gives an ambitious person enormous
  power over the multitudinous victims of the romantic imagination。                            For
  the   romancer   not   only   pleases   himself   with   fictitious   glories:          he   also
  terrifies himself with imaginary dangers。                He does not even picture what
  these     dangers     are:   he    conceives      the  unknown       as   always     dangerous。
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  When you say to a realist 〃You must do this〃 or 〃You must not do that;〃 he
  instantly asks what will happen to him if he does (or does not; as the case
  may  be)。      Failing   an   unromantic   convincing   answer;   he   does   just   as   he
  pleases   unless   he   can   find   for   himself   a   real   reason   for   refraining。  In
  short; tho