第 30 节
作者:淋雨      更新:2021-12-07 09:32      字数:9322
  accessible to architecture; to pictures; to statues; to dresses; and to the arts
  of the stage。     Every device of art should be brought to bear on the young;
  so that they may discover some form of it that delights them naturally; for
  there will come to all of them that period between dawning adolescence
  and   full   maturity   when   the   pleasures   and   emotions   of   art   will   have   to
  satisfy   cravings   which;   if   starved   or   insulted;   may   become   morbid   and
  seek disgraceful satisfactions; and; if prematurely gratified otherwise than
  poetically; may destroy the stamina of the race。               And it must be borne in
  mind that the most dangerous art for this necessary purpose is the art that
  presents itself as religious ecstasy。          Young people are ripe for love long
  before     they  are   ripe  for  religion。    Only     a  very   foolish   person    would
  substitute the Imitation of Christ for Treasure Island as a present for a boy
  or   girl;  or   for  Byron's    Don     Juan   as  a   present   for   a  swain    or  lass。
  Pickwick is the safest saint for us in our nonage。 Flaubert's Temptation of
  St Anthony is an excellent book for a man of fifty; perhaps the best within
  reach as a healthy study of visionary ecstasy; but for the purposes of a boy
  of   fifteen   Ivanhoe   and   the Templar   make   a   much   better   saint   and   devil。
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  And   the   boy  of   fifteen   will   find   this   out   for   himself   if   he   is   allowed   to
  wander in a well…stocked literary garden; and hear bands and see pictures
  and spend his pennies on cinematograph shows。                    His choice may often be
  rather   disgusting   to   his   elders   when   they   want   him   to   choose   the   best
  before he is ready for it。         The greatest Protestant Manifesto ever written;
  as far as I know; is Houston Chamberlain's Foundations of the Nineteenth
  Century:       everybody capable of it should read it。               Probably the History
  of Maria Monk is at the opposite extreme of merit (this is a guess:                      I have
  never read it); but it is certain that a boy let loose in a library would go for
  Maria   Monk   and   have   no   use   whatever   for   Mr   Chamberlain。             I   should
  probably   have   read   Maria   Monk   myself   if   I   had   not   had   the   Arabian
  Nights and their like to occupy me better。 In art; children; like adults; will
  find   their   level   if   they  are   left   free   to   find   it;   and   not   restricted   to   what
  adults think good for them。             Just at present our young people are going
  mad   over   ragtimes;   apparently   because   syncopated   rhythms   are   new   to
  them。      If   they   had    learnt   what    can    be   done    with   syncopation       from
  Beethoven's third Leonora overture; they would enjoy the ragtimes all the
  more;      but   they    would     put   them     in  their    proper    place    as   amusing
  vulgarities。
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  Artist Idolatry
  But   there   are   more   dangerous   influences   than   ragtimes   waiting   for
  people   brought   up   in   ignorance   of   fine   art。    Nothing   is   more   pitiably
  ridiculous than the wild worship of artists by those who have never been
  seasoned in youth to the enchantments of art。                Tenors and prima donnas;
  pianists   and   violinists;   actors   and   actresses   enjoy   powers   of   seduction
  which in the middle ages would have exposed them to the risk of being
  burnt   for   sorcery。    But   as   they   exercise   this   power   by   singing;   playing;
  and   acting;   no   great   harm   is   done   except   perhaps   to   themselves。       Far
  graver     are   the    powers     enjoyed     by   brilliant   persons     who     are   also
  connoisseurs   in   art。     The   influence   they   can   exercise   on   young   people
  who have   been brought   up in the   darkness   and   wretchedness   of   a   home
  without   art;   and   in   whom   a   natural   bent   towards   art   has   always   been
  baffled   and   snubbed;   is   incredible   to   those   who   have   not   witnessed   and
  understood   it。     He   (or   she)   who   reveals   the   world   of   art   to   them  opens
  heaven   to   them。      They   become   satellites;   disciples;   worshippers   of   the
  apostle。     Now the apostle may be a voluptuary without much conscience。
  Nature     may   have     given   him   enough     virtue   to  suffice   in  a  reasonable
  environment。        But    this  allowance      may    not  be   enough     to  defend    him
  against the temptation and demoralization of finding himself a little god
  on the strength of what ought to be a quite ordinary culture。                 He may find
  adorers     in  all  directions    in  our   uncultivated     society   among     people    of
  stronger     character    than    himself;   not   one   of   whom;     if  they   had   been
  artistically    educated;     would    have    had   anything     to  learn   from    him   or
  regarded      him    as   in   any    way    extraordinary      apart    from    his   actual
  achievements as an artist。 Tartuffe is not always a priest。               Indeed he is not
  always      a   rascal:   he   is  often    a   weak     man    absurdly     credited    with
  omniscience   and   perfection;   and   taking   unfair   advantages   only   because
  they are offered to him and he is too weak to refuse。                  Give everyone his
  culture; and no one will offer him more than his due。
  In thus delivering our children from the idolatry of the artist; we shall
  not   destroy  for   them  the   enchantment   of   art:      on the   contrary;   we   shall
  teach     them    to  demand      art  everywhere       as  a   condition     attainable    by
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  cultivating the body; mind; and heart。              Art; said Morris; is the expression
  of   pleasure   in   work。     And   certainly;   when   work   is   made   detestable   by
  slavery;   there   is   no   art。  It   is   only   when   learning   is   made   a   slavery   by
  tyrannical teachers that art becomes loathsome to the pupil。
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  〃The Machine〃
  When we set to work at a Constitution to secure freedom for children;
  we had better bear in mind that the children may not be at all obliged to us
  for our pains。      Rousseau said that men are born free; and this saying; in
  its proper bearings; was and is a great and true saying; yet let it not lead us
  into the error of supposing that all men long for freedom and embrace it
  when it is offered to them。        On the contrary; it has to be forced on them;
  and even then they will give it the slip if it is not religiously inculcated and
  strongly safeguarded。
  Besides; men are born docile; and must in the nature of things remain
  so   with   regard    to  everything    they   do  not   understand。     Now     political
  science     and  the   art  of  govemment      are  among     the  things   they   do  not
  understand; and indeed  are not   at   present   allowed to understand。             They
  can be enslaved by a system; as we are at present; because it happens to be
  there;   and   nobody     understands     it。 An     intelligently   worked    Capitalist
  system;   as   Comte   saw;   would   give   us   all   that   most   of   us   are   intelligent
  enough to want。        What makes it produce such unspeakably vile results is
  that it is an automatic system which is as little understood by those who
  profit by it in money as by those who are starved and degraded by it:                 our
  millionaires and statesmen are manifestly no more 〃captains of industry〃
  or   scientific   politicians   than   our   bookmakers   are   mathematicians。       For
  some time past a significant word has been coming into use as a substitute
  for   Destiny;   Fate;   and   Providence。    It   is   〃The   Machine〃:   the   machine
  that has no god in it。      Why do governments do nothing in spite of reports
  of Royal Commissions that establish the most frightful urgency?                 Why do
  our philanthropic millionaires do nothing; though they are ready to throw
  bucketfuls     of  gold   into  the   streets?   The    Machine     will  not   let  them。
  Alwa