第 29 节
作者:淋雨      更新:2021-12-07 09:32      字数:9322
  appetites is an appetite for perfection; that if you discourage this appetite
  and encourage the cruder acquisitive appetites the child will steal and lie
  and     be  a  nuisance     to  you;    and   that  if  you   encourage      its  appetite   for
  perfection   and   teach   it   to   attach   a   peculiar   sacredness   to   it   and   place   it
  before the other appetites; it will be a much nicer child and you will have a
  much easier job; at which point you will; in spite of your pseudoscientific
  jargon; find yourself back in the old…fashioned religious teaching as deep
  as Dr。 Watts and in fact fathoms deeper。
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  Moral Instruction Leagues
  And now  the voices of our   Moral Instruction  Leagues will be lifted;
  asking whether there is any reason why the appetite for perfection should
  not be cultivated in rationally scientific terms instead of being associated
  with the story of Jonah and the great fish and the thousand other tales that
  grow up round religions。          Yes:    there are many reasons; and one of them
  is that children all like the story of Jonah and the whale (they insist on its
  being a whale in spite of demonstrations by Bible smashers without any
  sense of humor that Jonah would not have fitted into a whale's gulletas if
  the story would be credible of a whale with an enlarged throat) and that no
  child   on   earth   can   stand   moral   instruction   books   or   catechisms   or   any
  other statement of the case for religion in abstract terms。              The object of a
  moral instruction book is not to be rational; scientific; exact; proof against
  controversy; nor even credible:          its object is to make children good; and if
  it makes them sick instead its place is the waste…paper basket。
  Take   for   an   illustration   the   story   of   Elisha   and   the   bears。 To   the
  authors of the moral instruction books it is in the last degree reprehensible。
  It is obviously not true as a record of fact; and the picture it gives us of the
  temper of God (which is what interests an adult reader) is shocking and
  blasphemous。        But   it   is   a   capital   story   for   a   child。 It   interests   a   child
  because it is about bears; and it leaves the child with an impression that
  children who poke fun at old gentlemen and make rude remarks about bald
  heads   are   not nice   children;  which   is   a   highly  desirable   impression;   and
  just as much as a child is capable of receiving from the story。                   When a
  story is about God and a child; children take God for granted and criticize
  the    child。   Adults    do   the  opposite;    and   are  thereby    led   to  talk  great
  nonsense about the bad effect of Bible stories on infants。
  But let no one think that a child or anyone else can learn religion from
  a teacher or a book or by any academic process whatever。                    It is only by
  an unfettered access to the whole body of Fine Art:                that is; to the whole
  body     of  inspired    revelation;   that  we    can  build   up   that  conception     of
  divinity to which all virtue is an aspiration。          And to hope to find this body
  of art purified from all that is obsolete or dangerous or fierce or lusty; or to
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  pick and choose what will be good for any particular child; much less for
  all children; is the shallowest of vanities。           Such schoolmasterly selection
  is   neither   possible    nor  desirable。     Ignorance      of  evil  is  not  virtue   but
  imbecility:      admiring it is like giving a prize for honesty to a man who
  has not stolen your watch because he did not know you had one。 Virtue
  chooses good from evil; and without knowledge there can be no choice。
  And even this is a dangerous simplification of what actually occurs。                     We
  are not choosing:        we are growing。        Were you to cut all of what you call
  the evil out of a child; it would drop dead。             If you try to stretch it to full
  human   stature   when   it   is   ten   years   old;   you   will   simply  pull   it   into   two
  pieces   and   be   hanged。     And   when   you   try   to   do   this   morally;   which   is
  what   parents   and   schoolmasters   are   doing   every   day;   you   ought   to   be
  hanged; and some day; when we take a sensible view of the matter; you
  will be; and serve you right。           The child does not stand between a good
  and   a   bad   angel:   what   it   has   to   deal   with   is   a   middling   angel   who;   in
  normal healthy cases; wants to be a good angel as fast as it can without
  killing itself in the process; which is a dangerous one。
  Therefore there is no question of providing the child with a carefully
  regulated access to good art。         There is no good art; any more than there is
  good   anything   else   in   the   absolute   sense。    Art   that   is   too   good   for   the
  child will either teach it nothing or drive it mad; as the Bible has driven
  many people mad who might have kept their sanity had they been allowed
  to   read   much   lower   forms   of   literature。   The   practical   moral   is   that   we
  must   read   whatever   stories;   see   whatever   pictures;   hear   whatever   songs
  and symphonies; go to whatever plays we like。                   We shall not like those
  which have nothing to say to us; and though everyone has a right to bias
  our choice; no one has a right to deprive us of it by keeping us from any
  work of art or any work of art from us。
  I may now say without danger of being misunderstood that the popular
  English      compromise        called    Cowper      Templeism        (unsectarian     Bible
  education) is not so silly as it looks。           It is true that the Bible inculcates
  half    a  dozen    religions:    some     of   them    barbarous;    some     cynical   and
  pessimistic; some amoristic and romantic; some sceptical and challenging;
  some   kindly;   simple;   and   intuitional;   some   sophistical   and   intellectual;
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  none suited to the character and conditions of western civilization unless it
  be the Christianity which was finally suppressed by the Crucifixion; and
  has   never   been   put   into   practice   by   any   State   before   or   since。  But   the
  Bible   contains   the   ancient   literature   of   a   very   remarkable   Oriental   race;
  and the imposition of this literature; on whatever false pretences; on our
  children left them more literate than if they knew no literature at all; which
  was the   practical alternative。         And   as our Authorized Version is   a great
  work of art as well; to know it was better than knowing no art; which also
  was the practical alternative。          It is at least not a school book; and it is not
  a   bad   story    book;   horrible    as   some    of  the   stories   are。   Therefore      as
  between   the   Bible   and   the   blank   represented   by   secular   education;   the
  choice is with the Bible。
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  The Bible
  But the Bible is not sufficient。          The real Bible of modern Europe is
  the whole body of great literature in which the inspiration and revelation
  of   Hebrew   Scripture   has   been   continued   to   the   present   day。   Nietzsche's
  Thus Spake Zoroaster is less comforting to the ill and unhappy than the
  Psalms; but it is much truer; subtler; and more edifying。               The pleasure we
  get    from   the   rhetoric   of  the   book   of   Job   and   its  tragic  picture   of   a
  bewildered   soul   cannot   disguise   the   ignoble   irrelevance   of   the   retort   of
  God with which it closes; or supply the need of such modern revelations as
  Shelley's Prometheus or The Niblung's Ring of Richard Wagner。                      There is
  nothing      in  the   Bible    greater    in  inspiration     than   Beethoven's      ninth
  symphony; and the power of modern music to convey that inspiration to a
  modern   man   is   far   greater   than   that   of   Elizabethan   English;   which   is;
  except for people steeped in the Bible from childhood like Sir Walter Scott
  and Ruskin; a dead language。
  Besides;     many     who    have    no   ear  for   literature   or  for   music    are
  accessible to architecture; to pictures; to statues; to dress