第 19 节
作者:青词      更新:2021-08-14 15:19      字数:9319
  and entertaining; in short; the thousand and one nothings composing that
  agreeable     whole;    a  cultivated    member      of  society;   are  inferior   to  their
  womankind。   I   feel   sure   that   all Americans   who   have   travelled   and   have
  seen their compatriot in his social relations with foreigners; will agree with
  this; reluctant as I am to acknowledge it。
  That    a   sister  and    brother    brought    up   together;    under    the   same
  influences; should later differ to this extent seems incredible。 It is just this
  that convinces me we have made a false start as regards the education and
  ambitions of our young men。
  To find the reasons one has only to glance back at our past。 After the
  struggle   that   insured   our   existence   as   a   united   nation;   came   a   period   of
  great   prosperity。   When   both   seemed   secure;   we   did   not   pause   and   take
  breath; as it were; before entering a new epoch of development; but dashed
  ahead on the old lines。 It is here that we got on the wrong road。 Naturally
  enough too; for our peculiar position on this continent; far away from the
  centres   of   cultivation   and   art;   surrounded   only   by   less   successful   states
  with which to compare ourselves; has led us into forming erroneous ideas
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  as   to   the   proportions   of   things;   causing   us   to   exaggerate   the   value   of
  material prosperity and undervalue matters of infinitely greater importance;
  which have been neglected in consequence。
  A   man   who;   after   fighting   through   our   late   war;   had   succeeded   in
  amassing   a   fortune;   naturally   wished   his   son   to   follow   him   on   the   only
  road    in   which    it  had   ever   occurred     to  him    that   success    was   of   any
  importance。 So beyond giving the boy a college education; which he had
  not enjoyed; his ambition rarely went; his idea being to make a practical
  business man of him; or a lawyer; that he could keep the estate together
  more  intelligently。   In   thousands   of   cases;   of   course;   individual   taste   and
  bent over…ruled this influence; and a career of science or art was chosen;
  but in the mass of the American people; it was firmly implanted that the
  pursuit of wealth   was the only occupation to which   a reasonable   human
  being   could   devote   himself。   A   young   man   who   was   not   in   some   way
  engaged in increasing his income was looked upon as a very undesirable
  member of society; and sure; sooner or later; to come to harm。
  Millionaires declined to send their sons to college; saying they would
  get ideas there that would unfit them for business; to Paterfamilias the one
  object     of  life。  Under     such   fostering    influences;     the   ambitions     in  our
  country have gradually given way to money standards and the false start
  has been made! Leaving aside at once the question of money in its relation
  to our politics (although it would be a fruitful subject for moralizing); and
  confining   ourselves   strictly   to   the   social   side   of   life;   we   soon   see   the
  results of this mammon worship。
  In   England   (although   Englishmen   have   been   contemptuously   called
  the shop…keepers of the world) the extension and maintenance of their vast
  empire   is   the   mainspring   which   keeps   the   great   machine   in   movement。
  And   one   sees   tens   of   thousands   of   well…born   and   delicately…bred   men
  cheerfully entering the many branches of public service where the hope of
  wealth can never come; and retiring on pensions or half…pay in the strength
  of their middle age; apparently without a regret or a thought beyond their
  country's well…being。
  In   France;   where   the   passionate   love   of   their   own       land   has   made
  colonial     extension     impossible;     the   modern     Frenchman       of  education     is
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  more interested in the yearly exhibition at the SALON or in a successful
  play at the FRANCAIS; than in the stock markets of the world。
  Would that our young men had either of these bents! They have copied
  from England a certain love of sport; without the English climate or the
  calm     of   country    and    garrison    life;  to  make     these   sports    logical   and
  necessary。      As   the   young    American       millionaire    thinks    he   must   go   on
  increasing   his   fortune;   we  see  the   anomaly  of   a   man   working   through   a
  summer's day in Wall Street; then dashing in a train to some suburban club;
  and appearing a half…hour later on the polo field。 Next to wealth; sport has
  become   the   ambition   of   the   wealthy   classes;   and   has   grown   so   into   our
  college life that the number of students in the freshman class of our great
  universities is seriously influenced by that institution's losses or gains at
  football。
  What is the result of all this? A young man starts in life with the firm
  intention of making a great deal of money。 If he has any time left from that
  occupation he will devote it to sport。 Later in life; when he has leisure and
  travels; or is otherwise thrown with cultivated strangers; he must naturally
  be   at   a   disadvantage。   〃Shop;〃   he   cannot   talk;   he   knows   that   is   vulgar。
  Music; art; the drama; and literature are closed books to him; in spite of
  the fact that he may have a box on the grand tier at the opera and a couple
  of dozen high…priced 〃masterpieces〃 hanging around his drawing… rooms。
  If   he   is   of   a   finer   clay   than   the   general   run   of   his   class;   he   will   realize
  dimly that somehow the goal has been missed in his life race。 His chase
  after the material has left him so little time to cultivate the ideal; that he
  has    prepared     himself    a  sad   and    aimless    old   age;   unless   he   can   find
  pleasure in doing as did a man I have been told about; who; receiving half
  a   dozen   millions   from   his   father's   estate;   conceived   the   noble   idea   of
  increasing them so that he might leave to each of his four children as much
  as he had himself received。 With the strictest economy; and by suppressing
  out   of   his   life   and   that   of   his   children   all   amusements   and   superfluous
  outlay; he has succeeded now for many years in living on the income of
  his income。 Time will never hang heavy on this Harpagon's hands。 He is a
  perfectly   happy   individual;   but   his   conversation   is   hardly   of   a   kind   to
  attract; and it may be doubted if the rest of the family are as much to be
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  envied。
  An artist who had lived many years of his life in Paris and London was
  speaking      the  other    day   of  a  curious    phase    he   had   remarked     in   our
  American life。 He had been accustomed over there to have his studio the
  meeting…place of friends; who would drop in to smoke and lounge away an
  hour; chatting as he worked。 To his astonishment; he tells me that since he
  has been in New York not one of the many men he knows has ever passed
  an hour in his rooms。 Is not that a significant fact? Another remark which
  points its own moral was repeated to me recently。 A foreigner visiting here;
  to whom American friends were showing the sights of our city; exclaimed
  at last: 〃You have not pointed out to me any celebrities except millionaires。
  'Do you see that man? he is worth ten millions。 Look at that house! it cost
  one million dollars;  and   there   are   pictures in it   worth   over   three   million
  dollars。 That trotter cost one hundred thousand dollars;' etc。〃 Was he not
  right? And does it not give my reader a shudder to see in black and white
  the phrases that are; nevertheless; so often on our lips?
  This levelling of everything to its cash value is so ingrained in us that
  we   are   unconscious   of   it;   as   we   are   of   using   slang   or   local   expressions
  until our attention is called to them。 I was present once at a farce played in
  a   London   theatre;   where   the   audience   went   into   roars   of   laughter   every
  time the stage American said; 〃Why; certainly。〃 I was indignant; and began
  explaining to my English friend that we never used such an absurd phrase。
  〃Are you sure?〃 he asked。 〃Why; certainly;〃 I said; and stopped; catching
  the twinkle in his eye。
  It   is   very   much   the   same   thing   with   money。   We   do   not   notice