第 35 节
作者:疯狂热线      更新:2021-03-16 00:36      字数:9322
  cyclists   cannot   bear   to   have   their   feet   made   fast   to   the   pedals   of   their
  cycles by using toe…clips。
  Mention   of   toe…clips   brings   us   to   other   accidents   which   sometimes
  befall    airmen。    As   we   have    seen   in  a  previous    chapter;    Mr。   Hawker's
  accident in Ireland was due to his foot slipping over the rudder bar of his
  machine。 It is thought that the disaster to Mr。 Pickles' machine on 〃Aerial
  Derby〃 day in 1913 was due to the same cause; and on one occasion Mr。
  Brock   was   in   great   danger   through   his   foot   slipping   on   the   rudder   bar
  while     he   was    practising    some    evolutions     at  the   London      Aerodome。
  Machines   are   generally   flying   at   a   very   fast   rate;   and   if   the   pilot   loses
  control of the machine when it is near the ground the chances are that the
  aeroplane crashes to earth before he can right it。 Both Mr。 Hawker and Mr。
  Pickles     were    flying   low   at  the   time   of   their  accidents;    and   so   their
  machines were smashed; fortunately Mr。 Brock was comparatively high up
  in the air; and though his machine rocked about and banked in an ominous
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  manner; yet he was able to gain control just in the nick of time。
  To prevent accidents of this kind the rudder bars could be fitted with
  pedals to which the pilot's feet could be secured by toe…clips; as on bicycle
  pedals。   Indeed;   some   makers   of   air…craft   have   already   provided   pedals
  with toe…clips for the rudder bar。 Probably some safety device such as this
  will soon be made compulsory on all machines。
  We have already remarked that certain pilots do not pay sufficient heed
  to the inspection of their machines before making a flight。 The difference
  between pilots in this respect is interesting to observe。 On the great day at
  Hendon; in 1913the Aerial Derby daythere were over a dozen pilots out
  with their craft。
  From the enclosure one could watch the airmen and their mechanics as
  the machines were run out from the hangars on to the flying ground。 One
  pilot walked beside his mechanics while they were running the machine to
  the   starting   place;   and   watched   his   craft   with   almost   fatherly   interest。
  Before climbing into his seat he would carefully inspect the spars; bolts;
  wires;   controls;   and   so   on;   then   he   would   adjust   his   helmet   and   fasten
  himself into his seat with a safety belt。
  〃Surely with all that preliminary work he is ready to start;〃 remarked
  one   of   the   spectators   standing   by。   But   no!   the   engine   must   be   run   at
  varying      speeds;    while    the   mechanics      hold    back    the   machine。     This
  operation alone took three or four minutes; and all that the pilot proposed
  to do was to circle the aerodrome two or three times。 An onlooker asked a
  mechanic       if  there  were    anything     wrong    with   that   particular   machine。
  〃No!〃 was the reply; 〃but our governor's very faddy; you know!〃
  And   now   for   the   other   extreme!   Three   mechanics   emerged   from   a
  hangar pushing a rather ungainly…looking biplane; which bumped over the
  uneven   ground。   The   pilot   was   some   distance   behind;   with   cigarette   in
  mouth; joking with two or three friends。 When the machine was run out
  into the   open   ground   he   skipped   quickly  up   to   it;   climbed   into   the   seat;
  started   the   engine;  waved   a smiling   〃good…bye〃;  and   was off。  For   all   he
  knew;   that   rather   rough   jolting   of   the   craft   while   it   was   being   removed
  from the hangar might have broken some wire on which the safety of his
  machine;   and   his   life;   depended。   The   excuse   cannot   be   made   that   his
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  mechanics had performed this all…important work of inspection; for their
  attention      was    centred    on    the   daring    〃banking      〃  evolutions      of   some
  audacious pilot in the aerodrome。
  Mr。   C。   G。   Grey;   the   well…known   writer   on   aviation   matters;   and   the
  editor of The Aeroplane; says; with regard to the need of inspection of air…
  craft:
  〃A  pilot   is   simply   asking   for   trouble   if   he   does   not   go   all   over   his
  machine   himself   at   least   once   a   day;   and;   if   possible;   every   time   he   is
  starting for a flight。
  〃One   seldom   hears;   in   these   days;   of   a   broken   wheel   or   axle   on   a
  railway coach; yet at the chief stopping places on our railways a man goes
  round each train as it comes in; tapping the tires with a hammer to detect
  cracks; feeling the hubs to see if there is any sign of a hot box; and looking
  into the grease   containers to   see if there is   a proper supply of   lubricant。
  There   ought   to   be   a   similar   inspection   of   every   aeroplane   every   time   it
  touches   the   ground。 The   jar  of   even   the  best   of   landings   may   fracture   a
  bolt holding a wire; so that when the machine goes up again the wire may
  fly back and break the propeller; or get tangled in the control wires; or a
  strut or socket may crack in landing; and many other things may happen
  which   careful   inspection   would   disclose   before   any   harm   could   occur。
  Mechanics who inspected machines regularly would be able to go all over
  them   in   a   few   minutes;   and   no   time   would   be   wasted。  As   it   is;   at   any
  aerodrome one sees a machine come down; the pilot and passenger (a fare
  or   a   pupil)   climb   out;   the   mechanics   hang   round   and   smoke   cigarettes;
  unless they have to perform the arduous duties of filling up with petrol。 In
  due course another passenger and a pilot climb in; a mechanic swings the
  propeller;   and   away   they   go   quite   happily。   If   anything   casts   loose   they
  come downand it is truly wonderful how many things can come loose or
  break   in   the   air   without   anyone   being   killed。   If   some   thing   breaks   in
  landing;   and   does   not   actually  fall   out   of   place;   it   is   simply  a   matter   of
  luck whether anyone happens to see it or not。〃
  This   advice;   coming   from   a   man   with   such   wide   experience   of   the
  theory  and   practice   of   flying;   should   surely  be   heeded   by  all   those   who
  engage in deadly combat with the demons of the air。 In the early days of
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  aviation; pilots were unacquainted with the nature and method of approach
  of treacherous wind gusts; often when they were flying along in a steady;
  regular wind; one of these gusts would strike their craft on one side; and
  either overturn it or cause it to over…bank; so that it crashed to earth with a
  swift side…slip through the air。
  Happily the experience of those days; though purchased at the cost of
  many   lives;   has   taught   makers   of   air…craft   to   design   their   machines   on
  more   trustworthy   lines。   Pilots;   too;   have   made   a   scientific   study   of   air
  eddies; gusts; and so on; and the danger of flying in a strong or gusty wind
  is comparatively small。
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  CHAPTER XLVII Accidents and their Cause
  (Cont。)
  Many people still think that if the engine of an aeroplane should stop
  while   the   machine   was   in   mid…air;   a   terrible   disaster   would   happen。 All
  petrol    engines    may    be   described    as   fickle  in   their  behaviour;     and   so
  complicated is their structure that the best of them are given to stopping
  without any warning。 Aeroplane engines are far superior in horse…power to
  those fitted to motorcars; and consequently their structure is more intricate。
  But   if   an   airman's   engine   suddenly   stopped   there   would   be   no   reason
  whatever   why   he   should       tumble   down      head   first  and   break   his   neck。
  Strange to say; too; the higher he was flying the safer he would be。
  All   machines   have   what   is   called   a   GLIDING   ANGLE。   When   the
  designer plans his machine he considers the distribution of the weight or
  the   engine;   pilot   and   passengers;   of   the   petrol;   aeronautical   instruments;
  and planes; so that the aeroplane is built in such a man