第 62 节
作者:青涩春天      更新:2021-02-27 02:38      字数:9322
  pursuit of knowledge; and to replace them with a second…best; is
  due; as has also appeared from the above analysis; to the course
  of policy (necessarily) pursued by the executive officers placed
  in control of academic affairs; and the character of the policy
  so pursued follows unavoidably from the dependence of the
  executive on a businesslike governing board; backed by a
  businesslike popular clamour; on the one hand; and from his being
  (necessarily) vested; in effect; with arbitrary power of use and
  abuse within the academic community; on the other hand。 It
  follows; therefore; also that no remedy or corrective can be
  contrived that will have anything more than a transient
  palliative effect; so long as these conditions that create the
  difficulty are allowed to remain in force。
  All of which points unambiguously to the only line of
  remedial measures that can be worth serious consideration; and at
  the same time it carries the broad implication that in the
  present state of popular sentiment; touching these matters of
  control and administration; any effort that looks to reinstate
  the universities as effectual seminaries of learning will
  necessarily be nugatory; inasmuch as the popular sentiment runs
  plainly to the effect that magnitude; arbitrary control; and
  businesslike administration is the only sane rule to be followed
  in any human enterprise。 So that; while the measures called for
  are simple; obvious; and effectual; they are also sure to be
  impracticable; and for none but extraneous reasons。
  While it still remains true that the long…term common sense
  judgment of civilized mankind places knowledge above business
  traffic; as an end to be sought; yet workday habituation under
  the stress of competitive business has induced a frame of mind
  that will tolerate no other method of procedure; and no rule of
  life that does not approve itself as a faithful travesty of
  competitive enterprise。 And since the quest of learning can not
  be carried on by the methods or with the apparatus and incidents
  of competitive business; it follows that the only remedial
  measures that hold any promise of rehabilitation for the higher
  learning in the universities can not be attempted in the present
  state of public sentiment。
  All that is required is the abolition of the academic
  executive and of the governing board。 Anything short of this
  heroic remedy is bound to fail; because the evils sought to be
  remedied are inherent in these organs; and intrinsic to their
  functioning。
  Even granting the possibility of making such a move; in the
  face of popular prejudice; it will doubtless seem suicidal; on
  first thought; to take so radical a departure; in that it would
  be held to cripple the whole academic organization and subvert
  the scheme of things academic; for good and all:  which; by the
  way; is precisely what would have to be aimed at; since it is the
  present scheme and organization that unavoidably work the
  mischief; and since; also (as touches the interest of the higher
  learning); they work nothing but mischief。
  It should be plain; on reflection; to any one familiar with
  academic matters that neither of these official bodies serves any
  useful purpose in the university; in so far as bears in any way
  on the pursuit of knowledge。 They may conceivably both be useful
  for some other purpose; foreign or alien to the quest of
  learning; but within the lines of the university's legitimate
  interest both are wholly detrimental; and very wastefully so。
  They are needless; except to take care of needs and emergencies
  to which their own presence gratuitously gives rise。 In so far as
  these needs and difficulties that require executive surveillance
  are not simply and flagrantly factitious;  as; e。g。; the
  onerous duties of publicity  they are altogether such needs as
  arise out of an excessive size and a gratuitously complex
  administrative organization; both of which characteristics of the
  American university are created by the governing boards and their
  executive officers; for no better purpose than a vainglorious
  self…complacency; and with no better justification than an
  uncritical prepossession to the effect that large size; complex
  organization; and authoritative control necessarily make for
  efficiency; whereas; in point of fact; in the affairs of learning
  these things unavoidably make for defeat。
  Objection to any such measure of abolition is not to be
  grounded in their impracticability or their inefficiency;
  supposing only that they could be carried out in the face of the
  prejudices of the ignorant and of the selfishly interested
  parties; the obstacles to any such move lie simply in the popular
  prejudice which puts implicit faith in large; complicated; and
  formidable organizations; and in that appetite for popular
  prestige that animates the class of persons from which the boards
  and executives are drawn。
  This unreasoning faith in large and difficult combinations
  has been induced in the modern community by its experience with
  the large…scale organization of the mechanical industries; and
  still more particularly by the convincing pecuniary efficiency of
  large capital; authoritative control; and devious methods; in
  modern business enterprise; and of this popular prejudice the
  boards of control and their executive officers have at least
  their full share;  indeed they owe their place and power in
  great part to their being animated with something more than an
  equitable share of this popular prepossession。 It is undeniable;
  indeed it is a matter of course; that so long as the university
  continues to be made up; as is now customary; of an aggregation
  of divers and sundry schools; colleges; divisions; etc。; each and
  several of which are engaged in a more or less overt rivalry; due
  to their being so aggregated into a meaningless coalition;  so
  long will something formidable in the way of a centralized and
  arbitrary government be indispensable to the conduct of the
  university's affairs; but it is likewise patent that none of the
  several constituent schools; colleges; etc。; are any the better
  off; in respect of their work; for being so aggregated in such an
  arbitrary collective organization。 The duties of the executive
  aside from the calls of publicity and self…aggrandizement  are
  in the main administrative duties that have to do with the
  interstitial adjustments of the composite establishment。 These
  resolve themselves into a co…ordinated standardization of the
  several constituent schools and divisions; on a mechanically
  specified routine and scale; which commonly does violence to the
  efficient working of all these diverse and incommensurable
  elements; with no gain at any point; excepting a gain in the
  facility of control control for control's sake; at the best。 Much
  of the official apparatus and routine office…work is taken up
  with this futile control。 Beyond this; and requisite to the due
  working of this control and standardization; there is the control
  of the personnel and the checking…up of their task work; together
  with the disciplining of such as do not sufficiently conform to
  the resulting schedule of uniformity and mediocrity。
  These duties are; all and several; created by the imposition
  of a central control; and in the absence of such control the need
  of them would not arise。 They are essentially extraneous to the
  work on which each and several of the constituent schools are
  engaged; and their only substantial effect on that work is to
  force it into certain extraneous formalities of routine and
  accountancy; such as to divert and retard the work in hand。 So
  also the control exercised more at large by the governing board;
  except in so far as it is the mere mischief…making interference
  of ignorant outsiders; it is likewise directed to the keeping of
  a balance between units that need no balancing as against one
  another; except for the need which so is gratuitously induced by
  drawing these units into an incongruous coalition under the
  control of such a board; whose duties of office in this way arise
  wholly out of the creation of their office。
  The great and conspicuous effect of abolishing the academic
  executive and the governing board would be; of course; that the
  university organization as now known would incontinently fall to
  pieces。 The several constituent schools would fall apart; since
  nothing holds them together exc