pieces。　The　several　constituent　schools　would　fall　apart；　since
  nothing　holds　them　together　except　the　strong　hand　of　the　present
  central　government。　This　would；　of　course；　seem　a　monstrous　and
  painful　outrage　to　all　those　persons　who　are　infatuated　with　a
  veneration　of　big　thing；　to　whom　a　〃great〃　　that　is　to　say
  voluminous　　university　is　an　object　of　pride　and　loyal
  affection。　This　class　of　persons　is　a　very　large　one；　and　they
  are　commonly　not　given　to　reJection　on　the　merits　of　their
  preconceived　ideals　of　〃greatness。〃　So　that　the　dissolution　of
  this　〃trust〃…like　university　coalition　would　bitterly　hurt　their
  feelings。　So　intolerable　would　the　shock　to　this　popular
  sentiment　presumably　be；　indeed；　that　no　project　of　the　kind　can
  have　any　reasonable　chance　of　a　hearing。
  Apart　from　such　loss　of　〃prestige　value〃　in　the　eyes　of　those
  whose　pride　centres　on　magnitude；　the　move　in　question　would
  involve　no　substantial　loss。　The　chief　direct　and　tangible　effect
  would　be　a　considerable　saving　in　〃overhead　charges；〃　in　that　the
  greater　part　of　the　present　volume　of　administrative　work　would
  fall　away。　The　greater　part　　say；　three…fourths　　of　the
  present　officers　of　administration；　with　their　clerical　staff；
  would　be　lost；　under　the　present　system　these　are　chiefly
  occupied　with　the　correlation　and　control　of　matters　that　need
  correlation　and　control　only　with　a　view　to　centralized
  management。
  The　aggregate　of　forces　engaged　and　the　aggregate　volume　of
  work　done　in　the　schools　would　suffer　no　sensible　diminution。
  Indeed；　the　contemplated　change　should　bring　a　very　appreciably
  heightened　efficiency　of　all　the　working　units　that　are　now　tied
  up　in　the　university　coalition。　Each　of　these　units　would　be　free
  to　follow　its　own　devices；　within　the　lines　imposed　by　the　work
  in　hand；　since　none　of　them　would　then　be　required　to　walk　in
  lock…step　with　several　others　with　which　it　had　no　more　vital
  articulation　than　the　lock…step　in　question。
  Articulation　and　co…ordination　is　good　and　requisite　where
  and　so　far　as　it　is　intrinsic　to　the　work　in　hand；　but　it　all
  comes　to　nothing　better　than　systematized　lag；　leak　and　friction；
  so　soon　as　it　is　articulation　and　coordination　in　other　terms　and
  for　other　ends　than　the　performance　of　the　work　in　hand。　It　is
  also　true；　the　coalition　of　these　several　school　units　into　a
  pseudo…aggregate　under　a　centralized　control　gives　a　deceptive
  appearance　of　a　massive　engine　working　to　some　common　end；　but；
  again；　mass　movement　comes　to　nothing　better　than　inhibition　and
  misdirection　when　it　involves　a　coalition　of　working　units　whose
  work　is　necessarily　to　be　done　in　severalty。
  Left　to　themselves　the　several　schools　would　have　to　take
  care　each　of　its　own　affairs　and　guide　its　endeavours　by　the
  exigencies　of　its　own　powers　and　purposes；　with　such　regard　to
  inter…collegiate　comity　and　courtesy　as　would　be　required　by　the
  substantial　relations　then　subsisting　between　them；　by　virtue　of
  their　common　employment　in　academic　work。
  In　what　has　just　been　said；　it　is　not　forgotten　that　the
  burden　of　their　own　affairs　would　be　thrown　back　on　the
  initiative　and　collective　discretion　of　the　several　faculties；　so
  soon　as　the　several　schools　had　once　escaped　from　the　trust…like
  coalition　in　which　they　are　now　held。　As　has　abundantly　appeared
  in　latterday　practice；　these　faculties　have　in　such　matters
  proved　themselves　notable　chiefly　for　futile　disputation；　which
  does　not　give　much　promise　of　competent　self…direction　on　their
  part；　in　case　they　were　given　a　free　hand。　It　is　to　be　recalled；
  however；　that　this　latterday　experience　of　confirmed　incompetence
  has　been　gathered　under　the　overshadowing　presence　of　a
  surreptitiously　and　irresponsibly　autocratic　executive；　vested
  with　power　of　use　and　abuse；　and　served　by　a　corps　of　adroit
  parliamentarians　and　lobbyists；　ever　at　hand　to　divert　the
  faculty's　action　from　any　measure　that　might　promise　to　have　a
  substantial　effect。　By　force　of　circumstances；　chief　of　which　is
  the　executive　office；　the　faculties　have　become　deliberative
  bodies　charged　with　power　to　talk。　Their　serious　attention　has
  been　taken　up　with　schemes　for　weighing　imponderables　and
  correlating　incommensurables；　with　such　a　degree　of
  verisimilitude　as　would　keep　the　statistics　and　accountancy　of
  the　collective　administration　in　countenance；　and　still　leave
  some　play　in　the　joints　of　the　system　for　the　personal　relation
  of　teacher　and　disciple。　It　is　a　nice　problem　in　self…deception；
  chiefly　notable　for　an　endless　proliferation。
  At　the　same　time　it　is　well　known　　too　well　known　to
  command　particular　attention　　that　in　current　practice；　and　of
  necessity；　the　actual　effective　organization　of　each　of　these
  constituent　school　units　devolves　on　the　working　staff；　in　so　far
  as　regards　the　effectual　work　to　be　done。　even　to　the　selection
  of　its　working　members　and　the　apportionment　of　the　work。　It　is
  all　done　〃by　authority〃　of　course；　and　must　all　be　arranged
  discreetly；　with　an　ulterior　view　to　its　sanction　by　the
  executive　and　its　due　articulation　with　the　scheme　of　publicity
  at　large；　but　in　all　these　matters　the　executive　habitually　comes
  into　bearing　only　as　a　（powerful）　extraneous　and　alien
  interference；　　almost　wholly　inhibitory；　in　effect；　even　though
  with　a　show　of　initiative　and　creative　guidance。　And　this
  inhibitory　surveillance　is　exercised　chiefly　on　grounds　of
  conciliatory　notoriety　towards　the　outside；　rather　than　on
  grounds　that　touch　the　efficiency　of　the　staff　for　the　work　in
  hand。　Such　efficiency　is　commonly　not　barred；　it　is　believed；　so
  long　as　it　does　not　hinder　the　executive's　quest　of　the　greater
  glory。　There　is；　in　effect；　an　inhibitory　veto　power　touching　the
  work　and　its　ways　and　means。
  But　even　when　taken　at　its　best；　and　when　relieved　of　the
  inhibition　and　deflection　worked　by　the　executive；　such　an
  academic　body　can　doubtless　be　counted　on　to　manage　its
  collective　affairs　somewhat　clumsily　and　incompetently。　There　can
  be　no　hope　of　trenchant　policy　and　efficient　control　at　their
  hands；　and；　it　should　be　added；　there　need　be　no　great　fear　of
  such　an　outcome。　The　result　should；　in　so　far；　be　nearly　clear
  gain；　as　against　the　current　highly　efficient　management　by　an
  executive。　Relatively　little　administration　or　control　would　be
  needed　in　the　resulting　small…scale　units；　except　in　so　far　as
  they　might　carry　over　into　the　new　r間ime　an　appreciable　burden
  of　extra…scholastic　traffic　in　the　way　of　athletics；
  fraternities；　student　activities；　and　the　like；　and　except　so　far
  as　regards　those　schools　that　might　still　continue　to　be
  〃gentlemen's　colleges；〃　devoted　to　the　cultivation　of　the
  irregularities　of　adolescence　and　to　their　transfusion　with　a
  conventional　elegance；　these　latter；　being　of　the　nature　of　penal
  settlements；　would　necessarily　require　government　by　a　firm　hand。
  That　work　of　intimately　personal　contact　and　guidance；　in　a
  community　of　intellectual　enterprise；　that　makes　up　the　substance
  of　efficient　teaching；　would；　it　might　fairly　be　hoped；　not　be
  seriously　hindered　by　the　ill…co…ordinated　efforts　of　such　an
  academic　assembly；　even　if　its　members　had　carried　over　a　good
  share　of　the　mechanistic　frame　of　mind　induced　by　their
  experience　under　the　r間ime　of　standardization　and　accountancy。
  Indeed；　there　might　even　be　ground　to　hope　that；　on　the
  dissolution　of　the　trust；　the　underlying　academic　units　would
  return　to　that　ancient　footing　of　small…scale　parcelment　and
  personal　communion　between　teacher　and　student　that　once　made　the
  American　college；　with　all　its　handicap　of　poverty；　chauvinism
  and　denominational　bias；　one　of　the　most　effective　agencies　of
  scholarship　in　Christendom。
  The　hope　　or　delusion　　would　be　that　the　staff　in　each　of
  the　resulting　disconnected　units　might　be　left　to　conduct　its　own
  affairs；　and　that　they　would　prove　incapable　of　much　concerted
  action　or　detailed　control。　It　should　be　plain　that　no　other　and
  extraneous　power；　such　as　the　executive　or　the　governing　boards；
  is　as　competent　　or；　indeed；　competent　in　any　degree　　to　take
  care　of　these　matters；　as　are　the　staff　who　have　the　work　to　do。
  All　this　is　evident　to　any　one　who　is　at　all　conversant　with　the
  run　of　academic　affairs　as　currently　conducted　on　the　grand
  scale；　inasmuch　as　it　is　altogether　a　matter　of　course　and　of
  commo