第 16 节
作者:沸点123      更新:2021-02-27 02:03      字数:9322
  savour;  the   peculiar   quality  and   point   of view  of   the humour;  pathos;  or
  interest。    Every     tale  which     claims    a  place    in   good    fiction   has   this
  identifying savour and quality; each different from every other。 The laugh
  which   echoes   one   of   Seumas   McManus's   rigmaroles   is   not   the   chuckle
  which follows one of Joel Chandler Harris's anecdotes; the gentle sadness
  of an Andersen allegory is not the heart searching tragedy of a tale from
  the Greek; nor is any one story of an author just like any other of the same
  making。 Each has its personal likeness; its facial expression; as it were。
  And the mind must be sensitised to these differences。 No one can tell
  stories well who has not a keen and just feeling of such emotional values。
  A   positive    and   a  negative    injunction     depend    on   this  premise;the
  positive;     cultivate     your    feeling;     striving    toward     increasingly      just
  appreciation; the negative; never tell a story you do not feel。
  Fortunately; the number and range of stories one can appreciate grow
  with cultivation; but it is the part of wisdom not to step outside the range
  at any stage of its growth。
  I feel the more inclined to emphasise this caution because I once had a
  rather   embarrassing   and   pointed   proof   of   its   desirability;which   I   relate
  for the enlightening of the reader。
  There is a certain nonsense tale which a friend used to tell with such
  effect that her hearers became helpless with laughter; but which for some
  reason never seemed funny to me。 I could not laugh at it。 But my friend
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  constantly urged me to use it; quoting her own success。 At last; with much
  curiosity and some trepidation; I included it in a programme before people
  with    whom   I    was   so   closely   in  sympathy   that     no   chill  was   likely   to
  emanate from  their side。   I   told the story as   well   as   I knew how;   putting
  into   it   more   genuine   effort   than   most   stories   can   claim。   The   audience
  smiled politely; laughed gently once or twice; relapsed into the mildest of
  amusement。 The most one could say was that the story was not a hopeless
  failure; I tried it again; after study; and yet again; but the audiences were
  all alike。 And in my heart I should have been startled if they had behaved
  otherwise; for all the time I was telling it I was conscious in my soul that it
  was a stupid story! At last I owned my defeat to myself; and put the thing
  out of mind。
  Some time afterward; I happened to take out the notes of the story; and
  idly looked them over; and suddenly; I do not know how; I got the point of
  view! The salt of the humour was all at once on my lips; I felt the tickle of
  the pure folly of it; it WAS funny。
  The next afternoon I told the story to a hundred or so children and as
  many mothers; and the battle was won。 Chuckles punctuated my periods;
  helpless laughter ran like an under… current below my narrative; it was a
  struggle for me to keep sober; myself。 The nonsense tale had found its own
  atmosphere。
  Now   of   course   I   had   known   all   along   that   the   humour   of   the   story
  emanated   from   its   very   exaggeration;   its   absurdly   illogical   smoothness。
  But I had not FELT it。 I did not really 〃see the joke。〃 And that was why I
  could   not   tell   the   story。   I   undoubtedly   impressed   my   own   sense   of   its
  fatuity on every audience to which I gave it。 The case is very clear。
  Equally   clear   have   been   some   happy   instances   where   I   have   found
  audiences responding to a story I myself greatly liked; but which common
  appreciation usually ignored。 This is an experience even more persuasive
  than the other; certainly more to be desired。
  Every   story…teller   has   lines   of   limitation;   certain   types   of   story   will
  always remain his or her best effort。 There is no reason why any type of
  story should be told really ill; and of course the number of kinds one tells
  well increases with the growth of the appreciative capacity。 But none the
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  less; it is wise to recognise the limits at each stage; and not try to tell any
  story to which the honest inner consciousness says; 〃I do not like you。〃
  Let    us  then   set  down     as  a  prerequisite     for  good    story…telling;    A
  GENUINE APPRECIATION OF THE STORY。
  Now;   we   may   suppose   this   genuine   appreciation   to   be   your   portion。
  You have chosen a story; have felt its charm; and identified the quality of
  its appeal。
  You are now to tell it in such wise that your hearers will get the same
  kind of impression you yourself received from it。 How?
  I believe the inner secret of success is the measure of force with which
  the teller wills the conveyance of his impression to the hearer。
  Anyone   who   has   watched;   or   has   himself   been;   the   teller   of   a   story
  which     held   an   audience;     knows     that  there   is  something      approaching
  hypnotic suggestion in the close connection of effort and effect; and in the
  elimination of self… consciousness from speaker and listeners alike。
  I would not for a moment lend the atmosphere of charlatanry; or of the
  ultra…psychic; to the wholesome and vivid art of story…telling。 But I would;
  if possible; help the teacher to realise how largely success in that art is a
  subjective and psychological matter; dependent on her control of her own
  mood      and   her   sense    of  direct;   intimate    communion       with    the  minds
  attending her。 The 〃feel〃 of an audience;that indescribable sense of the
  composite human soul waiting on the initiative of your own; the emotional
  currents interplaying along a medium so delicate that it takes the baffling
  torture of an obstruction to reveal its existence;cannot be taught。 But it
  can   and   does   develop   with   use。 And   a   realisation   of   the   immense   latent
  power   of   strong   desire   and   resolution   vitalises   and   disembarrasses   the
  beginner。
  That is; undoubtedly; rather an intangible beginning; it sets the root of
  the   matter somewhat   in   the   realm  of   〃spirits   and   influences。〃 There   are;
  however; outward and visible means of arriving at results。 Every art has its
  technique。 The art of story…telling; intensely personal and subjective as it
  is;   yet  comes    under    the   law   sufficiently   not   to  be   a  matter   of  sheer
  〃knack。〃 It has its technique。 The following suggestions are an attempt to
  state what seem the foundation principles of that technique。 The   general
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  statements   are   deduced   from   many   consecutive   experiences;   partly;   too;
  they   are   the   results   of   introspective   analysis;   confirmed   by   observation。
  They   do   not   make   up   an   exclusive   body   of   rules;   wholly   adequate   to
  produce      good     work;    of   themselves;      they   do   include;    so   far   as  my
  observation       and   experience     allow;    the  fundamental       requisites    of  good
  work; being the qualities uniformly present in successful work of many
  story…tellers。
  First of all; most fundamental of all; is a rule without which any other
  would be but folly: KNOW YOUR STORY。
  One would think so obvious a preliminary might be taken for granted。
  But alas; even slight acquaintance with the average story…teller proves the
  dire necessity of the admonition。 The halting tongue; the slip in name or
  incident;     the  turning    back    to  forge    an  omitted     link  in  the   chain;   the
  repetition;   the   general   weakness   of   statement   consequent   on   imperfect
  grasp: these are common features of the stories one hears told。 And they
  are features which will deface the best story ever told。
  One must know the story absolutely; it must have been so assimilated
  that it partakes of the nature of personal experience; its essence must be so
  clearly in mind that the teller does not have to think of it at all in the act of
  telling; but rather lets it flow from his lips with the unconscious freedom
  of a vivid reminiscence。
  Such     knowledge       does    not   mean     memorising。       Memorising       utterly
  destroys   the   freedom   of   reminiscence;   takes   away   the   spontaneity;   and
  substitutes a mastery of