第 15 节
作者:沸点123      更新:2021-02-27 02:03      字数:9322
  RED THREAD!
  The Hillsmen had paid greater honour to their heroic foes than to the
  bravest of their own brave dead。
  Another   instance   is   the   short   poem;   which;   while   being   perfectly
  simple;   is   rich   in   suggestion   of   more   than   the   young   child   will   see   for
  himself。 The following example shows the working out of details in order
  52
  … Page 53…
  HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
  to provide a satisfactorily rounded story。
  THE ELF AND THE DORMOUSE'1'
  '1' Adapted from The Elf and the Dormouse; by Oliver Herford; in A
  Treasury of Verse for Little Children。 (Harrap。 1s。 net。)
  Once upon a time a dormouse lived in the wood with his mother。 She
  had made a snug little nest; but Sleepy…head; as she called her little mousie;
  loved to roam about among the grass and fallen leaves; and it was a hard
  task to keep him at home。 One day the mother went off as usual to look for
  food; leaving Sleepy… head curled up comfortably in a corner of the nest。
  〃He will lie there safely till I come back;〃 she thought。 Presently; however;
  Sleepy…head opened his eyes and thought he would like to take a walk out
  in the fresh air。 So he crept out of the nest and through the long grass that
  nodded over the hole in the bank。 He ran here and he ran there; stopping
  again an again to cock his little ears for sound of any creeping thing that
  might   be   close   at   hand。   His   little   fur   coat   was   soft   and   silky   as   velvet。
  Mother had licked it clean before starting her day's work; you may be sure。
  As Sleepy…head moved from place to place his long tail swayed from side
  to side and tickled the daisies so that they could not hold themselves still
  for laughing。
  Presently something very cold fell on Sleepy… head's nose。 What could
  it   be?   He   put   up   his   little   paw   and   dabbed   at   the   place。   Then   the   same
  thing happened to his tail。 He whisked it quickly round to the front。 Ah; it
  was raining! Now Sleepy…head couldn't bear rain; and he had got a long
  way from home。 What would mother say if his nice furry coat got wet and
  draggled? He crept under a bush; but soon the rain found him out。 Then he
  ran to a tree; but this was poor shelter。 He began to think that he was in for
  a   soaking    when    what    should    he  spy;   a  little  distance  off;  but   a  fine
  toadstool which stood bolt upright just like an umbrella。 The next moment
  Sleepy…     head    was   crawling     underneath     the  friendly    shelter。  He   fixed
  himself up as snugly as he could; with his little nose upon his paws and his
  little   tail   curled   round   all;   and   before   you   could   count   six;   eight;   ten;
  twenty; he was fast asleep。
  Now it happened that Sleepy…head was not the only creature that was
  caught by the rain that morning in the wood。 A little elf had been flitting
  53
  … Page 54…
  HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
  about   in   search   of   fun   or   mischief;   and   he;   too;   had   got   far   from   home
  when the raindrops began to come pattering through the leafy roof of the
  beautiful wood。 It would never do to get his pretty wings wet; for he hated
  to   walkit   was   such   slow   work   and;   besides;   he   might   meet   some   big
  wretched   animal   that   could   run   faster   than     himself。   However;   he   was
  beginning to think that there was no help for it; when; on a sudden; there
  before him was the toadstool; with Sleepy…head snug and dry underneath!
  There was room for another little fellow; thought the elf; and ere long he
  had safely bestowed himself under the other half of the toadstool; which
  was just like an umbrella。
  Sleepy…head slept on; warm and comfortable in his furry coat; and the
  elf began to feel annoyed with him for being so happy。 He was always a
  great    mischief;    and   he   could   not   bear   to  sit  still  for  long  at  a  time。
  Presently he laughed a queer little laugh。 He had got an idea! Putting his
  two small arms round the stem of the toadstool he tugged and he pulled
  until; of a sudden; snap! He had broken the stem; and a moment later was
  soaring in air safely sheltered under the toadstool; which he held upright
  by its stem as he flew。
  Sleepy…head   had   been   dreaming;   oh;   so   cosy   a   dream!   It   seemed   to
  him that he had discovered a storehouse filled with golden grain and soft
  juicy nuts with little bunches of sweet… smelling hay; where tired mousies
  might sleep dull hours away。 He thought that he was settled in the sweetest
  bunch of all; with nothing in the world to disturb his nap; when gradually
  he became aware that something had happened。 He shook himself in his
  sleep   and   settled   down   again; but   the   dream  had   altered。  He   opened   his
  eyes。 Rain was falling; pit…a…pat; and he was without cover on a wet patch
  of grass。 What could be the matter? Sleepy… head was now wide awake。
  Said he;
  〃DEAR ME; WHERE IS MY TOADSTOOL?〃
  From  these   four   instances   we   may;   perhaps;   deduce   certain   general
  principles of adaptation which have at least proved valuable to those using
  them。
  These   are   suggestions   which   the   practised   story…teller   will   find   trite。
  But    to  others    they   may   prove    a  fair  foundation     on  which     to  build  a
  54
  … Page 55…
  HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
  personal   method   to   be   developed   by   experience。   I   have   given   them   a
  tabular arrangement below。
  The preliminary step in all cases is
  Analysis of the Story。
  The aim; then; is
  to REDUCE a long story or to AMPLIFY a short one。
  For the first; the need is
  ELIMINATION   of   secondary   threads   of   narrative;   extra   personages;
  description; irrelevant events。
  For the second; the great need is of
  Realising Imagination。
  For both; it is desirable to keep Close Logical Sequence; Single Point
  of View; Simple Language; The Point at the End
  CHAPTER IV
  HOW TO TELL THE STORY
  Selection; and; if necessary; adaptationthese are the preliminaries to
  the act of telling。 That; after all; is the real test of one's power。 That is the
  real joy; when achieved; the real bugbear; when dreaded。 And that is the
  subject of this chapter; 〃How to tell a story。〃
  How to tell a story: it is a short question which demands a long answer。
  The  right   beginning of   the  answer  depends   on   a   right   conception   of   the
  thing    the   question    is  about;   and    that  naturally    reverts   to  an   earlier
  discussion of the real nature of a story。 In that discussion it was stated that
  a story is a work of art;a message; as all works of art are。
  To tell a story; then; is to pass on the message; to share the work of art。
  The message may be merely one of humour;of nonsense; even; works of
  art range all the way from the 〃Victory〃 to a 〃Dresden Shepherdess;〃 from
  an   〃Assumption〃   to   a   〃Broken   Pitcher;〃   and   farther。   Each   has   its   own
  place。    But   whatever     its  quality;   the  story…teller   is  the   passer…on;    the
  interpreter;   the   transmitter。   He   comes   bringing   a   gift。   Always   he   gives;
  always he bears a message。
  55
  … Page 56…
  HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
  This granted; the first demand of the story… teller is not far to seek。 No
  one can repeat a message he has not heard; or interpret what he does not
  understand。 You cannot give; unless you first possess。 The first demand of
  the story… teller is that he possess。 He must FEEL the story。 Whatever the
  particular  quality  and   appeal of   the   work of   art;  from  the   lightest   to   the
  grandest emotion or thought; he must have responded to it; grasped it; felt
  it   intimately;   before   he   can   give   it   out   again。   Listen;   humbly;   for   the
  message。
  I   realise   that   this   has   an   incongruous   sound;   when   applied   to   such
  stories as that of the little pig at the stile or of the greedy cat who ate up
  man   and   beast。   But;   believe   me;   it   does   apply   even   to   those。   For   the
  transmittable thing in a story is the identifying essence; the characterising
  savour;  the   peculiar   quality  and   point   of view  of   the humour;  pathos;  or
  interest。    E