第 6 节
作者:沸点123      更新:2021-02-27 02:03      字数:9322
  Nowhere is that property more welcome or needed than in the schoolroom。
  It does us all good to laugh; if there is no sneer nor smirch in the laugh;
  fun    sets  the  blood    flowing    more    freely   in  the  veins;  and   loosens    the
  strained   cords   of   feeling   and   thought;   the   delicious   shock   of   surprise   at
  every   〃funny   spot〃   is   a   kind   of   electric   treatment   for   the   nerves。   But   it
  especially does us good to laugh when we are children。 Every little body is
  released from the conscious control school imposes on it; and huddles into
  restful comfort or responds gaily to the joke。
  More   than   this;   humour   teaches   children;   as   it   does   their   grown…up
  brethren; some of the facts and proportions of life。 What keener teacher is
  there  than   the  kindly  satire? What   more  penetrating   and suggestive   than
  the humour of exaggerated statement of familiar tendency? Is there one of
  us who has not laughed himself out of some absurd complexity of over…
  anxiety with a sudden recollection of 〃clever Alice〃 and her fate? In our
  household clever Alice is an old habituee; and her timely arrival has saved
  many a situation which was twining itself about more 〃ifs〃 than it could
  comfortably support。 The wisdom which lies behind true humour is found
  in the nonsense tale of infancy as truly as in mature humour; but in its own
  kind and degree。 〃Just for fun〃 is the first reason for the humorous story;
  the wisdom in the fun is the second。
  And now we come to
  THE NATURE STORY
  No other type of fiction is more familiar to the teacher; and probably
  no other kind is the source of so much uncertainty of feeling。 The nature
  story is much used; as I have noticed above; to illustrate or to teach the
  habits   of   animals   and   the   laws   of   plant…growth;   to   stimulate   scientific
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  interest as well as to increase culture in scientific fact。 This is an entirely
  legitimate object。 In view of its present preponderance; it is certainly a pity;
  however; that so few stories are available; the accuracy of which; from this
  point of view; can be vouched for。 The carefully prepared book of to…day is
  refuted   and   scoffed   at   to…morrow。  The   teacher   who   wishes   to   use   story…
  telling chiefly as an element in nature study must at least limit herself to a
  small   amount   of   absolutely   unquestioned   material;   or   else   subject   every
  new story to the judgment of an authority in the line dealt with。 This is not
  easy  for   the   teacher   at   a   distance   from  the   great   libraries;   and   for   those
  who   have   access   to   well…equipped   libraries   it   is   a   matter   of   time   and
  thought。
  It does not so greatly trouble the teacher who uses the nature story as a
  story;   rather   than   as   a   test…book;   for   she   will   not   be   so   keenly   attracted
  toward the books prepared with a didactic purpose。 She will find a good
  gift for the child in nature stories which ARE stories; over and above any
  stimulus to his curiosity about fact。 That good gift is a certain possession
  of all good fiction。
  One of the best things good fiction does for any of us is to broaden our
  comprehension of other lots than our own。 The average man or woman has
  little opportunity actually to live more than one kind of life。 The chances
  of    birth;  occupation;      family    ties;  determine      for   most    of  us   a  line   of
  experience   not   very   inclusive   and   but   little   varied;   and   this   is   a   natural
  barrier to our complete understanding of others; whose life…line is set at a
  different   angle。   It   is   not   possible   wholly   to   sympathise   with   emotions
  engendered by experience which one has never had。 Yet we all long to be
  broad in sympathy and inclusive in appreciation; we long; greatly; to know
  the   experience   of   others。 This   yearning   is   probably  one   of   the   good   but
  misconceived   appetites   so   injudiciously   fed   by   the   gossip   of   the   daily
  press。 There  is   a  hope;  in   the  reader;  of  getting   for  the  moment   into  the
  lives of people who move in wholly different sets of circumstances。 But
  the relation   of dry  facts in newspapers; however   tinged with   journalistic
  colour; helps very little to enter such other life。 The entrance has to be by
  the door of the imagination; and the journalist is rarely able to open it for
  us。 But there is a genius who can open it。 The author who can write fiction
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  of the right sort can do it; his is the gift of seeing inner realities; and of
  showing them to those who cannot see them for themselves。 Sharing the
  imaginative vision of the story…writer; we can truly follow out many other
  roads   of   life   than   our   own。  The   girl   on   a   lone   country   farm   is   made   to
  understand how a girl in a city sweating… den feels and lives; the London
  exquisite realises the life of a Californian ranchman; royalty and tenement
  dwellers      become      acquainted;      through     the   power     of   the   imagination
  working on   experience   shown   in   the   light   of   a   human   basis   common   to
  both。    Fiction    supplies    an   element     of  culture;that     of  the   sympathies;
  which is invaluable。 And the beginnings of this culture; this widening and
  clearing   of   the   avenues   of   human   sympathy;   are   especially   easily   made
  with children in the nature story。
  When you begin; 〃There was once a little furry rabbit;〃'1' the child's
  curiosity  is   awakened   by  the   very  fact   that   the   rabbit   is   not   a   child;   but
  something of a different species altogether。 〃Now for something new and
  adventuresome;〃 says his expectation; 〃we are starting off into a foreign
  world。〃 He listens wide…eyed; while you say; 〃and he lived in a warm; cosy
  nest; down under the long grass with his mother〃 how delightful; to live
  in a place like that; so different from little boys' homes!〃his name was
  Raggylug;       and    his  mother's     name     was    Molly     Cottontail。    And     every
  morning;   when   Molly   Cottontail   went   out   to   get   their   food;   she   said   to
  Raggylug;   ‘Now;   Raggylug;   remember   you   are   only   a   baby   rabbit;   and
  don't move from the nest。 No matter what you hear; no matter what you
  see;  don't   you   move!'〃all   this   is different   still;  yet   it   is   familiar;  too;   it
  appears that rabbits are rather like folks。 So the tale proceeds; and the little
  furry rabbit passes through experiences strange to little boys; yet very like
  little   boys'   adventures     in  some     respects;    he  is  frightened     by   a  snake;
  comforted by his mammy; and taken to a new house; under the long grass
  a long way off。 These are all situations to which the child has a key。 There
  is   just   enough   of   strangeness   to   entice;   just   enough   of   the   familiar   to
  relieve any strain。 When the child has lived through the day's happenings
  with Raggylug; the latter has begun to seem veritably a little brother of the
  grass to him。 And because he has entered imaginatively into the feelings
  and fate of a creature different from himself; he has taken his first step out
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  into the wide world of the lives of others。
  '1' See Raggylug。
  It may be a recognition of this factor and its value which has led so
  many writers of nature stories into the error of over…humanising their four…
  footed or feathered heroes and heroines。 The exaggeration is unnecessary;
  for there is   enough community of   lot suggested in the sternest   scientific
  record to constitute a natural basis for sympathy on the part of the human
  animal。 Without any falsity of presentation whatever; the nature story may
  be counted on as a help in the beginnings of culture of the sympathies。 It is
  not; of course; a help confined to the powers of the nature story; all types
  of   story   share   in   some   degree   the   powers   of   each。   But   each   has   some
  especial virtue in dominant degree; and the nature story is; on this ground;
  identified with the thought given。
  The nature story shares its influence especially with
  THE HISTORICAL STORY
  As the one widens the circle of connection with other kinds of life;
  the other deepens the sense o