第 7 节
作者:沸点123      更新:2021-02-27 02:03      字数:9322
  THE HISTORICAL STORY
  As the one widens the circle of connection with other kinds of life;
  the other deepens the sense of relation to past lives; it gives the sense of
  background;       of  the   close   and   endless    connection     of   generation    with
  generation。 A good historical story vitalises the conception of past events
  and brings their characters into relation with the present。 This is especially
  true of stories of things and persons in the history of our own race。 They
  foster race…consciousness; the feeling of kinship and community of blood。
  It is this property which makes the historical story so good an agent for
  furthering a proper national pride in children。 Genuine patriotism; neither
  arrogant nor melodramatic; is so generally recognised as having its roots
  in early training   that I  need not   dwell on this possibility;  further than   to
  note its connection with the instinct of hero…worship which is quick in the
  healthy child。 Let us feed that hunger for the heroic which gnaws at the
  imagination   of   every   boy   and   of   more   girls   than   is   generally   admitted。
  There have been heroes in plenty in the world's records;heroes of action;
  of   endurance;   of   decision;   of   faith。   Biographical   history   is   full   of   them。
  And the deeds of these heroes are every one a story。 We tell these stories;
  both to bring the great past into its due relation with the living present; and
  to arouse that generous admiration and desire for emulation which is the
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  HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
  source of so much inspiration in childhood。 When these stories are tales of
  the doings and happenings of our own heroes; the strong men and women
  whose lives are a part of our own country's history; they serve the double
  demands       of  hero…worship      and   patriotism。   Stories   of   wise   and   honest
  statesmanship; of struggle with primitive conditions; of generous love and
  sacrifice;   andin   some   measureof   physical   courage;   form   a   subtle   and
  powerful influence for pride in one's people; the intimate sense of kinship
  with one's own nation; and the desire to serve it in one's own time。
  It is not particularly useful to tell batches of unrelated anecdote。 It is
  much more profitable to take up the story of a period and connect it with a
  group of interesting persons whose lives affected it or were affected by it;
  telling   the   stories   of   their   lives;   or   of   the   events   in   which   they   were
  concerned; as   〃true   stories。〃 These   biographical stories must; usually;   be
  adapted for use。 But besides these there is a certain number of pure stories…
  …works of artwhich already exist for us; and which illuminate facts and
  epochs almost without need of sidelights。 Such may stand by themselves;
  or be used with only enough explanation to give background。 Probably the
  best   story   of   this   kind   known   to   lovers   of   modern   literature   is   Daudet's
  famous La Derniere Classe。'1'
  '1' See The Last Lesson。
  The historical story; to recapitulate; gives a sense of the reality and
  humanness of past events; is a valuable aid in patriotic training; and stirs
  the desire of emulating goodness and wisdom。
  CHAPTER II
  SELECTION OF STORIES TO TELL
  There is one picture which I can always review; in my own collection
  of   past   scenes;    though    many    a  more    highly    coloured    one   has   been
  irrevocably  curtained   by  the   folds   of   forgetfulness。   It   is   the   picture   of   a
  little girl; standing by an old…fashioned marble…topped dressing table in a
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  HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
  pink; sunny room。 I can never see the little girl's face; because; somehow; I
  am   always   looking   down   at   her   short   skirts   or   twisting   my   head   round
  against the hand which patiently combs her stubborn curls。 But I can see
  the brushes   and   combs   on   the   marble   table   quite plainly;  and   the   pinker
  streaks of sun on the pink walls。 And I can hear。 I can hear a low; wonder…
  working voice which goes smoothly on and on; as the fingers run up the
  little girl's locks or stroke the hair into place on her fore head。 The voice
  says; 〃And little Goldilocks came to a little bit of a house。 And she opened
  the door and went in。 It was the house where three Bears lived; there was a
  great Bear; a little Bear; and a middle…sized Bear; and they had gone out
  for a walk。 Goldilocks went in; and she saw〃the little girl is very still;
  she would not disturb that story by so much as a loud breath; but presently
  the   comb   comes   to   a   tangle;   pulls;and   the   little   girl   begins   to   squirm。
  Instantly the voice becomes impressive; mysterious: 〃she went up to the
  table;   and   there   were   THREE   PLATES   OF   PORRIDGE。   She   tasted   the
  first   one〃the   little   girl   swallows   the   breath   she   was   going   to   whimper
  with; and waits〃and it was too hot! She tasted the next one; and THAT
  was too hot。 Then she tasted the little bit of a plate; and thatwasjust
  right!〃
  How I remember the delightful sense of achievement which stole into
  the little girl's veins when the voice behind her said 〃just right。〃 I think she
  always chuckled a little; and hugged her stomach。 So the story progressed;
  and   the   little   girl   got   through   her   toilet   without   crying;   owing     to  the
  wonder…working          voice    and    its  marvellous      adaptation     of   climaxes     to
  emergencies。 Nine times out of ten; it was the story of The Three Bears
  she   demanded   when;   with   the   appearance   of   brush   and   comb;   the   voice
  asked; 〃Which story shall mother tell?〃
  It was a memory of the little girl in the pink room which made it easy
  for   me   to   understand   some   other   children's   preferences   when   I   recently
  had occasion to inquire about them。 By asking many individual children
  which story of all they had heard they liked best; by taking votes on the
  best story of a series; after telling it; and by getting some obliging teachers
  to   put   similar   questions   to   their   pupils;   I   found   three   prime   favourites
  common   to   a   great   many   children   of   about   the   kindergarten   age。   They
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  HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
  were The Three Bears; Three Little Pigs; and The Little Pig that wouldn't
  go over the Stile。
  Some of the teachers were genuinely disturbed because the few stories
  they  had   introduced   merely  for   amusement   had   taken   so   pre…   eminent   a
  place in the children's affection over those which had been given seriously。
  It   was   of   no  use;   however;   to  suggest   substitutes。   The   children   knew
  definitely what they liked; and though they accepted the recapitulation of
  scientific   and   moral   stories   with   polite  approbation;  they  returned to   the
  original answer at a repetition of the question。
  Inasmuch as the slightest of the things we hope to do for children by
  means of stories is quite impossible unless the children enjoy the stories; it
  may be worth our while to consider seriously these three which they surely
  do enjoy; to see what common qualities are in them; explanatory of their
  popularity; by which we may test the probable success of other stories we
  wish to tell。
  Here they are;three prime favourites of proved standing。
  THE STORY OF THE THREE LITTLE PIGS'1'
  '1' Adapted from Joseph Jacobs's English Fairy Tales (David Nutt; 57…
  69 Long Acre; W。C。 6s。);
  Once upon a time there were three little pigs; who went from home to
  seek their fortune。 The first that went off met a man with a bundle of straw;
  and said to him:
  〃Good man; give me that straw to build me a house。〃
  The   man   gave   the   straw;   and   the   little   pig   built   his   house   with   it。
  Presently came along a wolf; and knocked at the door; and said:
  〃Little pig; little pig; let me come in。〃
  But the pig answered:
  〃No; no; by the hair of my chiny…chin…chin。〃
  So the wolf said:
  〃Then I'll huff; and I'll puff; and I'll blow your house in。〃
  So he huffed; and he puffed; and he blew his house in; and ate up the
  little pig。
  The second little pig met a man with a bundle of furze; and said:
  〃Good man; give me that furze to build me a h