第 21 节
作者:嘟嘟      更新:2021-02-20 05:57      字数:9322
  this summer; from among woods of box and evergreen oak; and vineyards
  of rich red wine。       In that warm land once lived savages; who hunted amid
  ice and snow the reindeer; and with the reindeer animals stranger still。
  And now I will tell you a fairy tale:          to make you understand it at all I
  must put it in the shape of a tale。           I   call it a fairy  tale; because it is so
  strange; indeed I think I ought to call it the fairy tale of all fairy tales; for
  by the time we get to the end of it I think it will explain to you how our
  forefathers   got to believe in   fairies;  and   trolls;  and   elves;  and scratlings;
  and all strange little people who were said to haunt the mountains and the
  caves。
  Well;  once   upon   a  time;  so   long   ago   that no   man   can   tell   when;   the
  land was so much higher; that between England and Ireland; and; what is
  more;   between   England   and   Norway;   was   firm   dry   land。         The   country
  then must have lookedat least we know it looked so in Norfolkvery like
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  what our moors look like here。             There were forests of Scotch fir; and of
  spruce too; which is not wild in England now; though you may see plenty
  in every plantation。        There were oaks and alders; yews and sloes; just as
  there are in our woods now。           There was buck…bean in the bogs; as there is
  in Larmer's and Heath pond; and white and yellow water…lilies; horn… wort;
  and   pond…weeds;   just   as   there   are   now   in   our   ponds。   There   were   wild
  horses; wild deer; and wild oxen; those last of an enormous size。                     There
  were   little   yellow   roe…deer;   which   will   not   surprise   you;   for   there   are
  hundreds and   thousands  in Scotland to this day;   and;  as you know;  they
  will thrive well enough in our woods now。               There were beavers too:           but
  that   must   not   surprise   you;   for   there   were   beavers   in   South   Wales   long
  after   the   Norman   Conquest;   and   there   are   beavers   still   in   the   mountain
  glens of the south…east of France。           There were honest little water…rats too;
  who I dare say sat up on their hind legs like monkeys; nibbling the water…
  lily pods; thousands of years ago; as they do in our ponds now。                    Well; so
  far   we   have   come   to   nothing   strange:      but   now   begins   the   fairy   tale。
  Mixed      with    all  these   animals;    there   wandered      about    great   herds    of
  elephants and   rhinoceroses; not smooth…skinned;  mind; but covered   with
  hair    and   wool;    like  those    which    are   still  found    sticking   out   of   the
  everlasting ice cliffs; at the mouth of the Lena and other Siberian rivers;
  with the flesh; and skin; and hair so fresh upon them; that the wild wolves
  tear   it   off;   and   snarl   and   growl   over   the   carcase   of   monsters   who   were
  frozen   up   thousands   of   years   ago。     And   with   them;   stranger   still;   were
  great   hippopotamuses;   who   came;   perhaps;   northward   in   summer   time
  along the sea…shore and down the rivers; having spread hither all the way
  from Africa; for in those days; you must understand; Sicily; and Italy; and
  Maltalook   at   your   mapwere   joined   to   the   coast   of Africa:      and   so   it
  may be was the rock of Gibraltar itself; and over the sea where the Straits
  of Gibraltar now flow was firm dry land; over which hyaenas and leopards;
  elephants and rhinoceroses ranged into Spain; for their bones are found at
  this day in the Gibraltar caves。           And this is the first chapter of my fairy
  tale。
  Now while all this was going on; and perhaps before this began; the
  climate was getting colder year by yearwe do not know how; and; what
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  is more; the land was sinking; and it sank so deep that at last nothing was
  left out of the water but the tops of the mountains in Ireland; and Scotland;
  and   Wales。      It   sank   so   deep   that   it   left   beds   of   shells   belonging   to   the
  Arctic   regions   nearly   two   thousand   feet   high   upon   the   mountain   side。
  And so
  〃It   grew   wondrous   cold;   And   ice   mast…high   came   floating   by;   As
  green as emerald。〃
  But there were no masts then to measure the icebergs by; nor any ship
  nor human   being there。          All   we know is   that   the icebergs   brought  with
  them  vast   quantities   of   mud;   which   sank   to   the   bottom;   and   covered   up
  that pleasant old forest…land in what is called boulder…clay; clay full of bits
  of broken rock; and of blocks of stone so enormous; that nothing but an
  iceberg   could   have   carried   them。       So   all   the   animals   were   drowned   or
  driven away; and nothing was left alive perhaps; except a few little hardy
  plants   which   clung   about   cracks   and   gullies   in   the   mountain   tops;   and
  whose descendants live there still。             That was a dreadful time; the worst;
  perhaps; of all the age of Ice; and so ends the second chapter of my fairy
  tale。
  Now for my third chapter。           〃When things come to the worst;〃 says the
  proverb; 〃they commonly mend;〃 and so did this poor frozen and drowned
  land of England and France and Germany; though it mended very slowly。
  The   land   began   to   rise   out   of   the   sea   once   more;   and   rose   till   it   was
  perhaps as high as it had been at first; and hundreds of feet higher than it is
  now:      but   still   it   was   very  cold;   covered;  in   Scotland   at   least;   with   one
  great sea of ice and glaciers descending down into the sea; as I said when I
  spoke     to  you    about    the  Ice…Plough。      But     as  the  land    rose;  and    grew
  warmer too; while it rose; the wild beasts who had been driven out by the
  great drowning came gradually back again。                  As the bottom of the old icy
  sea   turned   into   dry   land;   and   got   covered   with   grasses;   and   weeds;   and
  shrubs      once    more;     elephants;     rhinoceroses;       hippopotamuses;         oxen
  sometimes   the   same   species;   sometimes   slightly   different   onesreturned
  to France; and then to England (for there was no British Channel then to
  stop them); and with them came other strange animals; especially the great
  Irish    elk;  as   he   is  called;   as   large   as  the   largest    horse;   with    horns
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  sometimes ten feet across。          A pair of those horns with the skull you have
  seen   yourself;   and   can   judge   what   a   noble   animal   he   must   have   been。
  Enormous bears came too; and hyaenas; and a tiger or lion (I cannot say
  which); as large as the largest Bengal tiger now to be seen in India。
  And   in   those   dayswe     cannot;   of   course;   exactly   say   whenthere
  camefirst I suppose into the south and east of France; and then gradually
  onward into England and Scotland and Irelandcreatures without any hair
  to keep   them warm;  or   scales to defend them;   without horns or tusks to
  fight with; or teeth to worry and bite; the weakest you would have thought
  of the beasts; and yet stronger than all the animals; because they were Men;
  with    reasonable     souls。   Whence       they  came    we    cannot   tell;  nor  why;
  perhaps from  mere hunting after food; and love of wandering and   being
  independent and alone。          Perhaps they came into that icy land for fear of
  stronger and cleverer people than themselves; for we have no proof; my
  child; none at all; that they were the first men that trod this earth。             But be
  that as it may; they came; and so cunning were these savage men; and so
  brave    likewise;    though    they   had   no  iron   among     them;   only   flint  and
  sharpened bones; yet they contrived to kill and eat the mammoths; and the
  giant oxen; and the wild horses; and the reindeer;   and to hold their own
  against the hyaenas; and tigers; and bears; simply because they had wits;
  and the dumb animals had none。              And that is the strangest part to me of
  all my fairy tale。      For what a man's wits are; and why he has them; and
  therefore is able to invent and to improve; while even the cleverest ape has
  none; and therefore can invent and improve nothing; and therefore cannot
  better himself; but must remain from father to son; and father to son again;
  a stupid; pitiful; ridiculous ap