第 22 节
作者:嘟嘟      更新:2021-02-20 05:57      字数:9322
  better himself; but must remain from father to son; and father to son again;
  a stupid; pitiful; ridiculous ape; while men can go on civilising themselves;
  and   growing   richer   and   more   comfortable;   wiser   and   happier;   year   by
  yearhow that comes to pass; I say; is to me a wonder and a prodigy and a
  miracle; stranger than all the most fantastic marvels you ever read in fairy
  tales。
  You may find the flint weapons which these old savages used buried in
  many a gravel…pit up and down France and the south of England; but you
  will   find   none   here;   for   the   gravel   here   was   made   (I   am   told)   at   the
  beginning of the ice…time; before the north of England sunk into the sea;
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  and   therefore   long;   long   before   men   came   into   this   land。    But   most   of
  their    remains    are   found    in  caves    which    water    has   eaten    out  of   the
  limestone rocks; like that famous cave of Kent's Hole at Torquay。                      In it;
  and in many another cave; lie the bones of animals which the savages ate;
  and   cracked   to   get   the   marrow   out   of   them;   mixed   up   with   their   flint…
  weapons   and   bone   harpoons;   and   sometimes   with   burnt   ashes   and   with
  round   stones;   used   perhaps   to   heat   water;   as   savages   do   now;   all   baked
  together into a hard paste or breccia by the lime。               These are in the water;
  and are often covered with a floor of stalagmite which has dripped from
  the    roof   above    and   hardened      into  stone。    Of    these    caves    and   their
  beautiful wonders I must tell you another day。               We must keep now to our
  fairy tale。     But in these caves; no doubt; the savages lived; for not only
  have   weapons   been   found   in   them;   but   actually   drawings   scratched   (I
  suppose with flint) on bone or mammoth ivorydrawings of elk; and bull;
  and   horse;   and   ibexand   one;   which   was   found   in   France;   of   the   great
  mammoth himself; the woolly elephant; with a mane on his shoulders like
  a lion's   mane。  So   you   see that one of the   earliest   fancies   of this   strange
  creature; called man; was to draw; as you and your schoolfellows love to
  draw; and copy what you see; you know not why。                   Remember that。          You
  like to draw; but why you like it neither you nor any man can tell。                      It is
  one   of   the   mysteries   of   human   nature;   and   that   poor   savage   clothed   in
  skins; dirty it may be; and more ignorant than you (happily) can conceive;
  when he sat scratching on ivory in the cave the figures of the animals he
  hunted;     was    proving     thereby    that   he   had    the   same    wonderful      and
  mysterious human nature as youthat he was the kinsman of every painter
  and sculptor who ever felt it a delight and duty to copy the beautiful works
  of God。
  Sometimes;       again;   especially     in  Denmark;      these   savages    have    left
  behind upon   the   shore   mounds   of   dirt;   which are   called   there   〃kjokken…
  moddings〃〃kitchen…middens〃   as   they   would   say   in   Scotland;   〃kitchen…
  dirtheaps〃 as we should say here down South and a very good name for
  them that is; for they are made up of the shells of oysters; cockles; mussels;
  and    periwinkles;     and   other   shore…shells     besides;    on  which     those   poor
  creatures   fed;   and   mingled   with   them   are   broken   bones   of   beasts;   and
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  fishes; and birds; and flint knives; and axes; and sling stones; and here and
  there hearths; on which they have cooked their meals in some rough way。
  And that is nearly all we know about them; but this we know from the size
  of   certain   of   the   shells;   and   from   other   reasons   which   you   would   not
  understand; that these mounds were made an enormous time ago; when the
  water of the Baltic Sea was far more salt than it is now。
  But what has all this to do with my fairy tale?           This:…
  Suppose that these people; after all; had been fairies?
  I am in earnest。      Of course; I do not mean that these folk could make
  themselves invisible; or that they had any supernatural powersany more;
  at least; than you and I haveor that they were anything but savages; but
  this I do think; that out of old stories of these savages grew up the stories
  of fairies; elves; and trolls; and scratlings; and cluricaunes; and ogres; of
  which you have read so many。
  When stronger and bolder people; like the Irish; and the Highlanders
  of Scotland; and the Gauls of France; came northward with their bronze
  and iron weapons; and still more; when our own forefathers; the Germans
  and the Norsemen; came; these poor little savages with their flint arrows
  and axes; were no match for them; and had to run away northward; or to
  be all killed out; for people were fierce and cruel in those old times; and
  looked   on   every   one   of   a   different   race   from   themselves   as   a   natural
  enemy。      They had not learntalas! too many have not learned it yetthat
  all men are brothers for the sake of Jesus Christ our Lord。               So these poor
  savages were driven out; till none were left; save the little Lapps up in the
  north of Norway; where they live to this day。
  But stories of them; and of how they dwelt in caves; and had strange
  customs; and used poisoned weapons; and how the elf…bolts (as their flint
  arrow…heads are still called) belonged to them; lingered on; and were told
  round the fire on winter nights and added to; and played with half in fun;
  till   a  hundred   legends   sprang     up  about   them;    which    used   once   to  be
  believed   by   grown…up   folk;   but   which   now   only   amuse   children。       And
  because     some     of  these   savages    were    very   short;   as   the  Lapps    and
  Esquimaux are now; the story grew of their being so small that they could
  make themselves invisible; and because others of them were (but probably
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  only a few) very tall and terrible; the story grew that there were giants in
  that old world; like that famous Gogmagog; whom Brutus and his Britons
  met   (so   old   fables   tell);   when   they  landed   first   at   Plymouth;   and   fought
  him; and threw him over the cliff。          Ogres; tooof whom you read in fairy
  talesI am afraid that there were such people once; even here in Europe;
  strong     and  terrible   savages;    who   ate   human    beings。    Of    course;   the
  legends and tales about them became ridiculous and exaggerated as they
  passed from mouth to mouth over the Christmas fire; in the days when no
  one could read or write。         But that the tales began by being true any one
  may well believe who knows how many cannibal savages there are in the
  world even now。         I think that; if ever there was an ogre in the world; he
  must have been very like a certain person who lived; or was buried; in a
  cave in the Neanderthal; between Elberfeld and Dusseldorf; on the Lower
  Rhine。 The skull and bones which were found there (and which are very
  famous      now   among     scientific  men)    belonged     to  a  personage    whom   I
  should have been very sorry to meet; and still more to let you meet; in the
  wild forest; to a savage   of enormous   strength of   limb   (and I   suppose   of
  jaw) likewise
  〃like an ape; With forehead villainous low;〃
  who could have eaten you if he would; and (I fear) also would have
  eaten you if he could。        Such savages may have lingered (I believe; from
  the old ballads and romances; that they did linger) for a long time in lonely
  forests and mountain caves; till they were all killed out by warriors who
  wore mail…armour and carried steel sword; and battle…axe; and lance。
  But had these people any religion?
  My dear child; we cannot know; and need not know。                   But we know
  thisthat   God   beholds   all   the  heathen。   He  fashions   the hearts of   them;
  and understandeth all their works。          And we know also that He is just and
  good。     These poor   folks   were; I  doubt   not;  happy enough in their  way;
  and we are bound to believe (for we have no proof against it); that most of
  them were   honest   and harmless   enough   likewise。          Of course;  ogres   and
  cannibals; and cruel and brutal persons (if there were any among them);
  deserved punishmentand punishm