第 385 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:31      字数:8923
  Being ignorant of what is unchanging leads to misfortune。
  He who knows what is unchanging will be impartial。
  He who is impartial will act justly。
  He who acts justly is like a good ruler。
  He who is a good ruler is in accord with Heaven。
  He who is in accord with Heaven is in accord with the Tao。
  He who is in accord with the Tao is everlasting;
  And to the end of his days; he will meet with no danger。
  17
  The best rulers are those whom the people hardly know exist。
  Next come rulers whom the people love and praise。
  After that come rulers whom the people fear。
  And the worst rulers are those whom the people despise。
  The ruler who does not trust the people will not be trusted by the people。
  The best ruler stays in the background; and his voice is rarely heard。
  When he accomplishes his tasks; and things go well;
  The people declare: It was we who did it by ourselves。
  18
  When Tao is abandoned;
  Benevolence and morality arise。
  When wisdom and knowledge arise;
  Hypocrisy flourishes。
  When there is discord in the family;?br》 Filial piety and parental affection arise。
  When the country is in darkness and turmoil;
  Loyal ministers appear。
  1。 Strictly; 憌hen the six family relationships are not in harmony? These are the relationships of father and son; elder brother and younger brother; and husband and wife。 (This conception of family relationships is clearly sexist; leaving out of account mothers; daughters and sisters。)
  19
  Give up sagacity and abandon knowledge;
  And the people will benefit a hundredfold。
  Give up benevolence and abandon morality;
  And the people will return to natural affection。
  Give up scheming and abandon gain;
  And robbers and thieves will disappear。
  These words in themselves are inadequate。
  Therefore let the following be appended:
  Exhibit plainness;
  Embrace the simple;
  Reduce self…interest;
  Curb desire。
  20
  Abandon learning and put an end to sorrow。?br》 What is the difference between 憏es?and 憂o?
  What is the difference between good and evil?
  Should I fear what others fear
  There would be no end to my fear。
  The people are happy; as if enjoying the sacrificial feast;
  Or at springtime climbing the terrace in the park。
  But I alone am unmoved; showing no sentiment;
  Like a baby who has yet to learn how to smile。
  I am alone and have no home to go to。
  Others have more than they need;
  Whilst I have nothing。
  Mine is the mind of a fool;
  Completely muddled!
  Others see things so clear cut;
  Whilst I am confused。
  They see so many differences;
  Whilst I see no distinctions。
  I am as one adrift on the sea;
  I am like a restless wind with no direction。
  The people all have a purpose;
  Whilst I am aimless and depressed。
  I alone am different from the others;
  I value seeking nourishment from the Mother。?
  1。 This line probably belongs at the end of the previous chapter。
  2。 i。e。 the Tao。
  21
  In all that he does; a man of great Virtue follows Tao and Tao alone。
  Tao is invisible and intangible。
  It is invisible and intangible; yet within is form。
  It is intangible and invisible; yet within is substance。
  It is dim and obscure; yet within is essence。
  This essence is perfectly genuine; and from it faith emerges。
  From ancient times until now; its name has not been forgotten;
  Since it is perceived in the source of all things。
  How do I know that this is the true nature of things?
  Through Tao。
  22
  That which yields will be preserved。
  That which bends will be straight。
  That which is empty will be filled。
  That which wears out will be renewed。
  He who has little will gain more。
  He who has much will be perplexed。
  Therefore the Sage embraces the oneness of the Tao;
  And sets an example to everyone。
  He does not make a great show; therefore he shines out。
  He does not try to justify himself; and so he is distinguished。
  He does not boast; so receives merit。
  He is not arrogant; and so endures。
  Because he does not compete; no one under Heaven can compete with him。
  When the ancients said; 慪ield and be preserved;?was that an empty saying?
  Attain completeness; and all things will come to you。
  23
  To speak little is natural。
  A high wind will not last all morning;
  And a sudden downpour will not last all day。
  And why is this?
  Heaven and Earth have made it so。
  If Heaven and Earth cannot make things which last forever;
  How much less is it possible for man?
  Therefore those who follow the Tao will be at one with the Tao。
  Those who exercise Virtue will be at one with Virtue。
  Those who lose them will be at one with their loss。
  At one with the Tao; Tao welcomes you。
  At one with Virtue; Virtue welcomes you。
  At one with your loss; loss welcomes you。
  Those who do not trust others
  Will not themselves be trusted。
  24
  Those who stand on tiptoe are not steady。
  Those who stride out ahead will soon fall behind。
  Those who make a big show are far from enlightenment。
  Those who think they can never be wrong are not respected。
  Those who justify themselves have no merit。
  Those who boast will not last long。
  To followers of the Tao; such actions are excessive; like eating too much。
  They are disliked by all things;
  And therefore followers of the Tao do not seek refuge in them。
  25
  There is something formless yet complete
  Which existed before Heaven and Earth。
  Silent and fathomless;
  Alone and unchanging;
  Inexhaustible and pervading everywhere;
  It may be thought of as the Mother of all under Heaven。
  I do not know its name; I shall call it Tao。
  If pressed for a description; I would call it Great。
  Being great is to go ever…onward。
  Going ever…onward is to reach everywhere。
  Reaching everywhere is to return。
  Therefore Tao is great;
  Heaven is great;
  Earth is great;
  The King is also great。
  The universe contains four great things;
  And one of them is the King。
  Man follows Earth;
  Earth follows Heaven;
  Heaven follows Tao;
  And Tao follows what is naturally so。
  26
  Seriousness is the basis of levity。
  Stillness is the master of restlessness。
  Therefore the sage; travelling all day;
  Does not lose sight of his baggage…wagon。
  Though there are magnificent sights to be seen; he remains calm and detached。
  Why would it be that the ruler of ten thousand chariots would act lightly in public?
  To be light…hearted is to lose one抯 foundation。
  To be restless is to lose control。
  27
  A good traveller leaves no tracks。
  A good speaker cannot be refuted。
  A good reckoner needs no abacus。
  A good door needs neither lock nor bolt;
  Yet it cannot be opened。
  A good binding needs neither rope nor knots;
  Yet it cannot be untied。
  Therefore the Sage excels in taking care of everyone;
  And no one is forgotten。
  He excels in finding a use for everything;
  Hence nothing is rejected。
  This is called practising enlightenment。
  Therefore the good man is the teacher of the bad;
  And the bad man is the material upon which the good man works。
  He who does not value the teacher
  And cherish the subject…matter;
  Regardless of his learning; has gone astray。
  This is called the ultimate mystery。
  28
  He who knows the masculine and keeps to the feminine
  Will be the river of the world。?br》 Being the river of the world
  He will never be separated from eternal Virtue;?br》 Becoming once again a little child。
  He who knows the white and keeps to the black
  Will be an example for the whole world。
  Being an example for the whole world
  He will never stray from eternal Virtue;
  And he will return to the infinite。
  He who knows honour and keeps to the humble
  Will be the valley of the world。
  Being the valley of the world
  He will be content with eternal Virtue;
  And become like an uncarved block。?br》
  When the block is carved; it is made into useful things。
  And when the Sage makes use of them; he becomes the ruler。
  It is the best carver who does the least cutting。
  1。 i。e。 as all moisture flows to the main river; so all the people will come to the Sage to be enlightened。
  2。 i。e。 he will be in accord with the Tao; in accord with the way things are naturally meant to be。
  3。 i。e。 the most simple of things; uninfluenced by conscious actions。
  29
  Would it be possible to take charge of the world and make it better than it is?
  I do not believe that such a thing is possible。
  Since the world is sacred
  No improvements can be made。
  If you try to change it; you will spoil it。
  If you try to grasp it; you will lose it。
  So; there are times
  for forging ahead; and for staying