第 17 节
作者:天净沙      更新:2022-05-01 22:41      字数:9321
  that I only could supply; and apprehending Bradford might engage me and
  get   the   jobb   from   him;   sent   me   a   very   civil   message;   that   old   friends
  should not part for a few words; the effect of sudden passion; and wishing
  me   to   return。   Meredith   persuaded   me   to   comply;   as   it   would   give   more
  opportunity for his improvement under my daily instructions; so I return'd;
  and we went on more smoothly than for some time before。 The New jersey
  jobb was obtain'd; I contriv'd a copperplate press for it; the first that had
  been seen in the country; I cut several ornaments and checks for the bills。
  We went together to Burlington; where I executed the whole to satisfaction;
  and he received so large a sum for the work as to be enabled thereby to
  keep his head much longer above water。
  At Burlington I made an acquaintance with many principal people of
  the   province。   Several   of   them   had   been   appointed   by   the   Assembly   a
  committee   to   attend      the   press;   and  take   care   that  no   more   bills  were
  printed   than   the   law   directed。   They   were   therefore;   by   turns;   constantly
  with us; and generally he who attended; brought with him a friend or two
  for company。 My mind having been much more improv'd by reading than
  Keimer's; I suppose it was for that reason my conversation seem'd to he
  more valu'd。 They had me to their houses; introduced me to their friends;
  and    show'd     me   much     civility;  while    he;  tho'  the   master;   was    a  little
  neglected。 In truth; he was an odd fish; ignorant of common life; fond of
  rudely      opposing      receiv'd    opinions;     slovenly     to   extream      dirtiness;
  enthusiastic in some points of religion; and a little knavish withal。
  We continu'd there near three months; and by that time I could reckon
  among my acquired friends; Judge Allen; Samuel Bustill; the secretary of
  the   Province;   Isaac   Pearson;   Joseph   Cooper;   and   several   of   the   Smiths;
  members of Assembly; and Isaac Decow; the surveyor…general。 The latter
  was a shrewd; sagacious old man; who told me that he began for himself;
  53
  … Page 54…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  when young; by wheeling clay for the brick…makers; learned to write after
  be was of age; carri'd the chain for surveyors; who taught him surveying;
  and   he   had   now   by   his   industry;   acquir'd   a   good   estate;   and   says   he;   〃I
  foresee   that   you   will   soon   work   this   man   out   of   business;   and   make   a
  fortune in it at Philadelphia。〃 He had not then the least intimation of my
  intention   to   set   up   there   or   anywhere。   These   friends   were   afterwards   of
  great use to me; as I occasionally was to some of them。 They all continued
  their regard for me as long as they lived。
  Before I enter upon my public appearance in business; it may be well
  to let you know the then state of my mind with regard to my principles and
  morals; that you may see how far those influenc'd the future events of my
  life。 My parents had early given me religious impressions; and brought me
  through   my   childhood   piously   in   the   Dissenting   way。   But   I   was   scarce
  fifteen; when; after doubting by  turns of several points; as   I found   them
  disputed in the different books I read; I began to doubt of Revelation itself。
  Some books   against   Deism fell   into   my hands; they  were said to   be the
  substance of sermons preached at Boyle's Lectures。 It happened that they
  wrought an effect on me quite contrary to what was intended by them; for
  the arguments of the Deists; which were quoted to be refuted; appeared to
  me much stronger than the refutations; in short; I soon became a thorough
  Deist。     My    arguments      perverted     some     others;   particularly     Collins    and
  Ralph;   but;   each   of   them  having   afterwards   wrong'd   me   greatly   without
  the least compunction; and recollecting Keith's conduct towards me (who
  was   another   freethinker);   and   my   own   towards   Vernon   and   Miss   Read;
  which at times gave me great trouble; I began to suspect that this doctrine;
  tho'   it   might   be   true;   was   not   very   useful。   My  London   pamphlet;   which
  had for its motto these lines of Dryden:
  〃Whatever   is;   is   right。  Though   purblind   man   Sees   but   a   part   o'   the
  chain;   the   nearest   link:   His   eyes   not   carrying   to   the   equal   beam;   That
  poises all above;〃
  and   from   the   attributes   of   God;   his   infinite   wisdom;   goodness   and
  power; concluded that nothing could possibly be wrong in the world; and
  that   vice    and   virtue   were    empty   distinctions;      no   such   things    existing;
  appear'd   now   not   so   clever   a   performance   as   I   once   thought   it;   and   I
  54
  … Page 55…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  doubted whether some error had not insinuated itself unperceiv'd into my
  argument; so as to infect all that follow'd; as is common in metaphysical
  reasonings。
  I grew convinc'd that truth; sincerity and integrity in dealings between
  man and man were of the utmost importance to the felicity of life; and I
  form'd     written   resolutions;    which    still  remain    in  my   journal    book;   to
  practice them ever while I lived。 Revelation had indeed no weight with me;
  as such; but I entertain'd an opinion that; though certain actions might not
  be bad because they were forbidden by it; or good because it commanded
  them;   yet   probably   these   actions   might   be   forbidden   because   they   were
  bad for us; or commanded because they were beneficial to us; in their own
  natures;  all   the   circumstances   of   things   considered。 And   this   persuasion;
  with the kind hand of Providence; or some guardian angel; or accidental
  favorable circumstances and situations; or all together; preserved me; thro'
  this    dangerous     time    of   youth;    and   the   hazardous      situations    I  was
  sometimes   in   among   strangers;   remote   from   the   eye   and   advice   of   my
  father; without any willful gross immorality or injustice; that might have
  been     expected    from    my    want   of   religion。   I  say   willful;  because     the
  instances I have mentioned had something of necessity in them; from my
  youth; inexperience; and the knavery of others。 I had therefore a tolerable
  character to begin the world with; I valued it properly; and determin'd to
  preserve it。
  We   had   not   been   long   return'd   to   Philadelphia   before   the   new   types
  arriv'd from London。 We settled with Keimer; and left him by his consent
  before he heard of it。 We found a house to hire near the market; and took it。
  To lessen the rent; which was then but twenty…four pounds a year; tho' I
  have   since   known   it   to   let   for   seventy;   we   took   in   Thomas   Godfrey;   a
  glazier; and his family; who were to pay a considerable part of it to us; and
  we to board with them。 We had scarce opened our letters and put our press
  in   order;   before    George     House;    an   acquaintance      of  mine;    brought    a
  countryman to us; whom he had met in the street inquiring for a printer。
  All our cash was now expended in the variety of particulars we had been
  obliged   to   procure;   and   this   countryman's   five   shillings;   being   our   first…
  fruits; and coming so seasonably; gave me more pleasure than any crown I
  55
  … Page 56…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  have   since   earned;   and   the   gratitude   I   felt   toward   House   has   made   me
  often   more   ready   than   perhaps   I   should   otherwise   have   been   to   assist
  young beginners。
  There are croakers in every country; always boding its ruin。 Such a one
  then lived in Philadelphia; a person of note; an elderly man; with a wise
  look and a very grave manner of speaking; his name was Samuel Mickle。
  This gentleman; a stranger to me; stopt one day at my door; and asked me
  if   I   was   the   young   man   who   had   lately   opened   a   new   printing…house。
  Being answered in the affirmative; he said he was sorry for me; because it
  was     an   expensive     undertaking;     and    the   expense    would     be   lost;  for
  Philadelphia   was   a   sinking   place;   the   people   already   half…bankrupts;   or
  near being so; all appearances to the contrary; such as new buildings and
  the rise of rents; being to his certain knowledge fallacious; for they were;
  in fact; among the things