into　the　woods；　he　came　up　and　told　me　to　stop　my
  cart；　and　that　he　would　teach　me　how　to　trifle　away
  my　time；　and　break　gates。　　He　then　went　to　a　large
  gum…tree；　and　with　his　axe　cut　three　large　switches；
  and；　after　trimming　them　up　neatly　with　his　pocket…
  knife；　he　ordered　me　to　take　off　my　clothes。　　I　made
  him　no　answer；　but　stood　with　my　clothes　on。　　He
  repeated　his　order。　　I　still　made　him　no　answer；　nor
  did　I　move　to　strip　myself。　　Upon　this　he　rushed
  at　me　with　the　fierceness　of　a　tiger；　tore　off　my
  clothes；　and　lashed　me　till　he　had　worn　out　his
  switches；　cutting　me　so　savagely　as　to　leave　the　marks
  visible　for　a　long　time　after。　　This　whipping　was　the
  first　of　a　number　just　like　it；　and　for　similar　of…
  fences。
  I　lived　with　Mr。　Covey　one　year。　　During　the　first
  six　months；　of　that　year；　scarce　a　week　passed　with…
  out　his　whipping　me。　　I　was　seldom　free　from　a　sore
  back。　　My　awkwardness　was　almost　always　his　ex…
  cuse　for　whipping　me。　　We　were　worked　fully　up
  to　the　point　of　endurance。　　Long　before　day　we　were
  up；　our　horses　fed；　and　by　the　first　approach　of　day
  we　were　off　to　the　field　with　our　hoes　and　plough…
  ing　teams。　　Mr。　Covey　gave　us　enough　to　eat；　but
  scarce　time　to　eat　it。　　We　were　often　less　than　five
  minutes　taking　our　meals。　　We　were　often　in　the　field
  from　the　first　approach　of　day　till　its　last　lingering
  ray　had　left　us；　and　at　saving…fodder　time；　midnight
  often　caught　us　in　the　field　binding　blades。
  Covey　would　be　out　with　us。　　The　way　he　used　to
  stand　it；　was　this。　　He　would　spend　the　most　of　his
  afternoons　in　bed。　　He　would　then　come　out　fresh
  in　the　evening；　ready　to　urge　us　on　with　his　words；
  example；　and　frequently　with　the　whip。　　Mr。　Covey
  was　one　of　the　few　slaveholders　who　could　and　did
  work　with　his　hands。　　He　was　a　hard…working　man。
  He　knew　by　himself　just　what　a　man　or　a　boy　could
  do。　　There　was　no　deceiving　him。　　His　work　went　on
  in　his　absence　almost　as　well　as　in　his　presence；　and
  he　had　the　faculty　of　making　us　feel　that　he　was
  ever　present　with　us。　　This　he　did　by　surprising　us。
  He　seldom　approached　the　spot　where　we　were　at
  work　openly；　if　he　could　do　it　secretly。　　He　always
  aimed　at　taking　us　by　surprise。　　Such　was　his　cunning；
  that　we　used　to　call　him；　among　ourselves；　〃the
  snake。〃　　When　we　were　at　work　in　the　cornfield；　he
  would　sometimes　crawl　on　his　hands　and　knees　to
  avoid　detection；　and　all　at　once　he　would　rise
  nearly　in　our　midst；　and　scream　out；　〃Ha；　ha！
  Come；　come！　　Dash　on；　dash　on！〃　　This　being　his
  mode　of　attack；　it　was　never　safe　to　stop　a　single
  minute。　　His　comings　were　like　a　thief　in　the　night。
  He　appeared　to　us　as　being　ever　at　hand。　　He　was
  under　every　tree；　behind　every　stump；　in　every　bush；
  and　at　every　window；　on　the　plantation。　　He　would
  sometimes　mount　his　horse；　as　if　bound　to　St。　Mi…
  chael's；　a　distance　of　seven　miles；　and　in　half　an
  hour　afterwards　you　would　see　him　coiled　up　in
  the　corner　of　the　wood…fence；　watching　every　motion
  of　the　slaves。　　He　would；　for　this　purpose；　leave　his
  horse　tied　up　in　the　woods。　　Again；　he　would　some…
  times　walk　up　to　us；　and　give　us　orders　as　though
  he　was　upon　the　point　of　starting　on　a　long　journey；
  turn　his　back　upon　us；　and　make　as　though　he　was
  going　to　the　house　to　get　ready；　and；　before　he　would
  get　half　way　thither；　he　would　turn　short　and　crawl
  into　a　fence…corner；　or　behind　some　tree；　and　there
  watch　us　till　the　going　down　of　the　sun。
  Mr。　Covey's　FORTE　consisted　in　his　power　to　de…
  ceive。　　His　life　was　devoted　to　planning　and　perpe…
  trating　the　grossest　deceptions。　　Every　thing　he　pos…
  sessed　in　the　shape　of　learning　or　religion；　he　made
  conform　to　his　disposition　to　deceive。　　He　seemed
  to　think　himself　equal　to　deceiving　the　Almighty。
  He　would　make　a　short　prayer　in　the　morning；　and
  a　long　prayer　at　night；　and；　strange　as　it　may　seem；
  few　men　would　at　times　appear　more　devotional
  than　he。　　The　exercises　of　his　family　devotions　were
  always　commenced　with　singing；　and；　as　he　was　a
  very　poor　singer　himself；　the　duty　of　raising　the
  hymn　generally　came　upon　me。　　He　would　read　his
  hymn；　and　nod　at　me　to　commence。　　I　would　at
  times　do　so；　at　others；　I　would　not。　　My　non…com…
  pliance　would　almost　always　produce　much　confu…
  sion。　　To　show　himself　independent　of　me；　he　would
  start　and　stagger　through　with　his　hymn　in　the　most
  discordant　manner。　　In　this　state　of　mind；　he　prayed
  with　more　than　ordinary　spirit。　　Poor　man！　such　was
  his　disposition；　and　success　at　deceiving；　I　do　verily
  believe　that　he　sometimes　deceived　himself　into　the
  solemn　belief；　that　he　was　a　sincere　worshipper　of
  the　most　high　God；　and　this；　too；　at　a　time　when
  he　may　be　said　to　have　been　guilty　of　compelling
  his　woman　slave　to　commit　the　sin　of　adultery。　　The
  facts　in　the　case　are　these：　　Mr。　Covey　was　a　poor
  man；　he　was　just　commencing　in　life；　he　was　only
  able　to　buy　one　slave；　and；　shocking　as　is　the　fact；
  he　bought　her；　as　he　said；　for　A　BREEDER。　　This　woman
  was　named　Caroline。　　Mr。　Covey　bought　her　from
  Mr。　Thomas　Lowe；　about　six　miles　from　St。　Mi…
  chael's。　　She　was　a　large；　able…bodied　woman；　about
  twenty　years　old。　　She　had　already　given　birth　to　one
  child；　which　proved　her　to　be　just　what　he　wanted。
  After　buying　her；　he　hired　a　married　man　of　Mr。
  Samuel　Harrison；　to　live　with　him　one　year；　and　him
  he　used　to　fasten　up　with　her　every　night！　　The　re…
  sult　was；　that；　at　the　end　of　the　year；　the　miserable
  woman　gave　birth　to　twins。　　At　this　result　Mr。　Covey
  seemed　to　be　highly　pleased；　both　with　the　man　and
  the　wretched　woman。　　Such　was　his　joy；　and　that　of
  his　wife；　that　nothing　they　could　do　for　Caroline
  during　her　confinement　was　too　good；　or　too　hard；
  to　be　done。　　The　children　were　regarded　as　being
  quite　an　addition　to　his　wealth。
  If　at　any　one　time　of　my　life　more　than　another；
  I　was　made　to　drink　the　bitterest　dregs　of　slavery；
  that　time　was　during　the　first　six　months　of　my　stay
  with　Mr。　Covey。　　We　were　worked　in　all　weathers。
  It　was　never　too　hot　or　too　cold；　it　could　never　rain；
  blow；　hail；　or　snow；　too　hard　for　us　to　work　in　the
  field。　　Work；　work；　work；　was　scarcely　more　the　order
  of　the　day　than　of　the　night。　　The　longest　days　were
  too　short　for　him；　and　the　shortest　nights　too　long
  for　him。　　I　was　somewhat　unmanageable　when　I　first
  went　there；　but　a　few　months　of　this　discipline
  tamed　me。　　Mr。　Covey　succeeded　in　breaking　me。　　I
  was　broken　in　body；　soul；　and　spirit。　　My　natural
  elasticity　was　crushed；　my　intellect　languished；　the
  disposition　to　read　departed；　the　cheerful　spark　that
  lingered　about　my　eye　died；　the　dark　night　of　slavery
  closed　in　upon　me；　and　behold　a　man　transformed
  into　a　brute！
  Sunday　was　my　only　leisure　time。　　I　spent　this　in
  a　sort　of　beast…like　stupor；　between　sleep　and　wake；
  under　some　large　tree。　　At　times　I　would　rise　up；　a
  flash　of　energetic　freedom　would　dart　through　my
  soul；　accompanied　with　a　faint　beam　of　hope；　that
  flickered　for　a　moment；　and　then　vanished。　　I　sank
  down　again；　mourning　over　my　wretched　condition。
  I　was　sometimes　prompted　to　take　my　life；　and　that
  of　Covey；　but　was　prevented　by　a　combination　of
  hope　and　fear。　　My　sufferings　on　this　plantation　seem
  now　like　a　dream　rather　than　a　stern　reality。
  Our　house　stood　within　a　few　rods　of　the　Chesa…
  peake　Bay；　whose　broad　bosom　was　ever　white　with
  sails　from　every　quarter　of　the　habitable　globe。
  Those　beautiful　vessels；　robed　in　purest　white；　so
  delightful　to　the　eye　of　freemen；　were　to　me　so
  many　shrouded　ghosts；　to　terrify　and　torment　me
  with　thoughts　of　my　wretched　condition。　　I　have　of…
  ten；　in　the　deep　stillness　of　a　summer's　Sabbath；
  stood　all　alone　upon　the　lofty　banks　of　that　noble
  bay；　and　traced；　with　saddened　heart　and　tearful
  eye；　the　countless　number　of　sails　moving　off　to
  the　mighty　ocean。　　The　sight　of　these　always　affected
  me　powerfully。　　My　thoughts　would　compel　utter…
  ance；　and　there；　with　no　audience　but　the　Almighty；
  I　would　pour　out　my　soul's　complaint；　in　my　rude
  way；　with　an　apostrophe　to　the　moving　multitude　of
  ships：
  〃You　are　loosed　from　your　moorings；　and　are　free；
  I　am　fast　in　my　chains；　and　am　a　slave！　　You　move
  merrily　before　the　gentle　gale；　and　I　sadly　before
  the　bloody　whip！　　You　are　freedom's　swift…winged
  angels；　that　fly　round　the　world；　I　am　confined　in
  bands　of　iron！　　O　that　I　were　free！　　O；　that　I　were
  on　one　of　your　gallant　decks；　and　under　your　pro…
  tecting　wing！　　Alas！　betwixt　me　and　you；　the　turbid
  waters　roll。　　Go　on；　go　on。　　O　that　I　could　also　go！
  Could　I　but　swim！　　If　I　could　fly！　　O；　why　was　I　born
  a　man；　of　whom　to　make　a　brute！　　The　glad　ship
  is　gone；　she　hides　in　the　dim　distance。　　I　am　left　in
  the　hottest　hell　of　unending　slavery。　　O　God；　save
  me！　　God；　deliver　me！　　Let　me　be　free！　　Is　there　any
  God？　　Why　am　I　a　slave？　　I　will　run　away。　　I　will　not
  s