piece　for　the　larboard　side　forward；　would　be　marked
  thus〃L。　F。〃　　When　a　piece　was　for　starboard　side
  forward；　it　would　be　marked　thus〃S。　F。〃　　For　lar…
  board　aft；　it　would　be　marked　thus〃L。　A。〃　　For　star…
  board　aft；　it　would　be　marked　thus〃S。　A。〃　　I　soon
  learned　the　names　of　these　letters；　and　for　what
  they　were　intended　when　placed　upon　a　piece　of
  timber　in　the　ship…yard。　　I　immediately　commenced
  copying　them；　and　in　a　short　time　was　able　to　make
  the　four　letters　named。　　After　that；　when　I　met　with
  any　boy　who　I　knew　could　write；　I　would　tell　him
  I　could　write　as　well　as　he。　　The　next　word　would　be；
  〃I　don't　believe　you。　　Let　me　see　you　try　it。〃　　I　would
  then　make　the　letters　which　I　had　been　so　fortunate
  as　to　learn；　and　ask　him　to　beat　that。　　In　this　way　I
  got　a　good　many　lessons　in　writing；　which　it　is　quite
  possible　I　should　never　have　gotten　in　any　other　way。
  During　this　time；　my　copy…book　was　the　board　fence；
  brick　wall；　and　pavement；　my　pen　and　ink　was　a
  lump　of　chalk。　　With　these；　I　learned　mainly　how　to
  write。　　I　then　commenced　and　continued　copying　the
  Italics　in　Webster's　Spelling　Book；　until　I　could　make
  them　all　without　looking　on　the　book。　　By　this　time；
  my　little　Master　Thomas　had　gone　to　school；　and
  learned　how　to　write；　and　had　written　over　a　number
  of　copy…books。　　These　had　been　brought　home；　and
  shown　to　some　of　our　near　neighbors；　and　then　laid
  aside。　　My　mistress　used　to　go　to　class　meeting　at
  the　Wilk　Street　meetinghouse　every　Monday　after…
  noon；　and　leave　me　to　take　care　of　the　house。　　When
  left　thus；　I　used　to　spend　the　time　in　writing　in　the
  spaces　left　in　Master　Thomas's　copy…book；　copying
  what　he　had　written。　　I　continued　to　do　this　until　I
  could　write　a　hand　very　similar　to　that　of　Master
  Thomas。　　Thus；　after　a　long；　tedious　effort　for　years；
  I　finally　succeeded　in　learning　how　to　write。
  CHAPTER　VIII
  In　a　very　short　time　after　I　went　to　live　at　Balti…
  more；　my　old　master's　youngest　son　Richard　died；
  and　in　about　three　years　and　six　months　after　his
  death；　my　old　master；　Captain　Anthony；　died；　leav…
  only　his　son；　Andrew；　and　daughter；　Lucretia；　to
  share　his　estate。　　He　died　while　on　a　visit　to　see　his
  daughter　at　Hillsborough。　　Cut　off　thus　unexpectedly；
  he　left　no　will　as　to　the　disposal　of　his　property。　　It
  was　therefore　necessary　to　have　a　valuation　of　the
  property；　that　it　might　be　equally　divided　between
  Mrs。　Lucretia　and　Master　Andrew。　　I　was　immedi…
  ately　sent　for；　to　be　valued　with　the　other　property。
  Here　again　my　feelings　rose　up　in　detestation　of
  slavery。　　I　had　now　a　new　conception　of　my　degraded
  condition。　　Prior　to　this；　I　had　become；　if　not　in…
  sensible　to　my　lot；　at　least　partly　so。　　I　left　Baltimore
  with　a　young　heart　overborne　with　sadness；　and　a
  soul　full　of　apprehension。　　I　took　passage　with　Cap…
  tain　Rowe；　in　the　schooner　Wild　Cat；　and；　after　a
  sail　of　about　twenty…four　hours；　I　found　myself　near
  the　place　of　my　birth。　　I　had　now　been　absent　from
  it　almost；　if　not　quite；　five　years。　　I；　however；　re…
  membered　the　place　very　well。　　I　was　only　about
  five　years　old　when　I　left　it；　to　go　and　live　with　my
  old　master　on　Colonel　Lloyd's　plantation；　so　that
  I　was　now　between　ten　and　eleven　years　old。
  We　were　all　ranked　together　at　the　valuation。　　Men
  and　women；　old　and　young；　married　and　single；　were
  ranked　with　horses；　sheep；　and　swine。　　There　were
  horses　and　men；　cattle　and　women；　pigs　and　chil…
  dren；　all　holding　the　same　rank　in　the　scale　of　being；
  and　were　all　subjected　to　the　same　narrow　examina…
  tion。　　Silvery…headed　age　and　sprightly　youth；　maids
  and　matrons；　had　to　undergo　the　same　indelicate
  inspection。　　At　this　moment；　I　saw　more　clearly　than
  ever　the　brutalizing　effects　of　slavery　upon　both
  slave　and　slaveholder。
  After　the　valuation；　then　came　the　division。　　I　have
  no　language　to　express　the　high　excitement　and　deep
  anxiety　which　were　felt　among　us　poor　slaves　during
  this　time。　　Our　fate　for　life　was　now　to　be　decided。
  we　had　no　more　voice　in　that　decision　than　the
  brutes　among　whom　we　were　ranked。　　A　single　word
  from　the　white　men　was　enoughagainst　all　our
  wishes；　prayers；　and　entreatiesto　sunder　forever　the
  dearest　friends；　dearest　kindred；　and　strongest　ties
  known　to　human　beings。　　In　addition　to　the　pain　of
  separation；　there　was　the　horrid　dread　of　falling　into
  the　hands　of　Master　Andrew。　　He　was　known　to　us
  all　as　being　a　most　cruel　wretch；a　common　drunk…
  ard；　who　had；　by　his　reckless　mismanagement　and
  profligate　dissipation；　already　wasted　a　large　por…
  tion　of　his　father's　property。　　We　all　felt　that　we
  might　as　well　be　sold　at　once　to　the　Georgia　traders；
  as　to　pass　into　his　hands；　for　we　knew　that　that
  would　be　our　inevitable　condition；a　condition　held
  by　us　all　in　the　utmost　horror　and　dread。
  I　suffered　more　anxiety　than　most　of　my　fellow…
  slaves。　　I　had　known　what　it　was　to　be　kindly　treated；
  they　had　known　nothing　of　the　kind。　　They　had　seen
  little　or　nothing　of　the　world。　　They　were　in　very
  deed　men　and　women　of　sorrow；　and　acquainted　with
  grief。　　Their　backs　had　been　made　familiar　with　the
  bloody　lash；　so　that　they　had　become　callous；　mine
  was　yet　tender；　for　while　at　Baltimore　I　got　few　whip…
  pings；　and　few　slaves　could　boast　of　a　kinder　master
  and　mistress　than　myself；　and　the　thought　of　pass…
  ing　out　of　their　hands　into　those　of　Master　Andrew
  a　man　who；　but　a　few　days　before；　to　give　me　a
  sample　of　his　bloody　disposition；　took　my　little
  brother　by　the　throat；　threw　him　on　the　ground；　and
  with　the　heel　of　his　boot　stamped　upon　his　head
  till　the　blood　gushed　from　his　nose　and　earswas
  well　calculated　to　make　me　anxious　as　to　my　fate。
  After　he　had　committed　this　savage　outrage　upon
  my　brother；　he　turned　to　me；　and　said　that　was　the
  way　he　meant　to　serve　me　one　of　these　days；mean…
  ing；　I　suppose；　when　I　came　into　his　possession。
  Thanks　to　a　kind　Providence；　I　fell　to　the　portion
  of　Mrs。　Lucretia；　and　was　sent　immediately　back
  to　Baltimore；　to　live　again　in　the　family　of　Master
  Hugh。　　Their　joy　at　my　return　equalled　their　sorrow
  at　my　departure。　　It　was　a　glad　day　to　me。　　I　had
  escaped　a　worse　than　lion's　jaws。　　I　was　absent　from
  Baltimore；　for　the　purpose　of　valuation　and　division；
  just　about　one　month；　and　it　seemed　to　have　been
  six。
  Very　soon　after　my　return　to　Baltimore；　my　mis…
  tress；　Lucretia；　died；　leaving　her　husband　and　one
  child；　Amanda；　and　in　a　very　short　time　after　her
  death；　Master　Andrew　died。　　Now　all　the　property
  of　my　old　master；　slaves　included；　was　in　the　hands
  of　strangers；strangers　who　had　had　nothing　to　do
  with　accumulating　it。　　Not　a　slave　was　left　free。　　All
  remained　slaves；　from　the　youngest　to　the　oldest。　　If
  any　one　thing　in　my　experience；　more　than　another；
  served　to　deepen　my　conviction　of　the　infernal　char…
  acter　of　slavery；　and　to　fill　me　with　unutterable
  loathing　of　slaveholders；　it　was　their　base　ingrati…
  tude　to　my　poor　old　grandmother。　　She　had　served
  my　old　master　faithfully　from　youth　to　old　age。　　She
  had　been　the　source　of　all　his　wealth；　she　had　peo…
  pled　his　plantation　with　slaves；　she　had　become　a
  great　grandmother　in　his　service。　　She　had　rocked
  him　in　infancy；　attended　him　in　childhood；　served
  him　through　life；　and　at　his　death　wiped　from　his
  icy　brow　the　cold　death…sweat；　and　closed　his　eyes
  forever。　　She　was　nevertheless　left　a　slavea　slave　for
  lifea　slave　in　the　hands　of　strangers；　and　in　their
  hands　she　saw　her　children；　her　grandchildren；　and
  her　great…grandchildren；　divided；　like　so　many　sheep；
  without　being　gratified　with　the　small　privilege　of　a
  single　word；　as　to　their　or　her　own　destiny。　　And；　to
  cap　the　climax　of　their　base　ingratitude　and　fiendish
  barbarity；　my　grandmother；　who　was　now　very　old；
  having　outlived　my　old　master　and　all　his　children；
  having　seen　the　beginning　and　end　of　all　of　them；
  and　her　present　owners　finding　she　was　of　but　little
  value；　her　frame　already　racked　with　the　pains　of　old
  age；　and　complete　helplessness　fast　stealing　over　her
  once　active　limbs；　they　took　her　to　the　woods；　built
  her　a　little　hut；　put　up　a　little　mud…chimney；　and
  then　made　her　welcome　to　the　privilege　of　support…
  ing　herself　there　in　perfect　loneliness；　thus　virtually
  turning　her　out　to　die！　　If　my　poor　old　grandmother
  now　lives；　she　lives　to　suffer　in　utter　loneliness；　she
  lives　to　remember　and　mourn　over　the　loss　of　chil…
  dren；　the　loss　of　grandchildren；　and　the　loss　of　great…
  grandchildren。　　They　are；　in　the　language　of　the
  slave's　poet；　Whittier；
  〃Gone；　gone；　sold　and　gone
  To　the　rice　swamp　dank　and　lone；
  Where　the　slave…whip　ceaseless　swings；
  Where　the　noisome　insect　stings；
  Where　the　fever…demon　strews
  Poison　with　the　falling　dews；
  Where　the　sickly　sunbeams　glare
  Through　t