enly　smiles；　and　her　voice　of　tranquil　music。
  But；　alas！　this　kind　heart　had　but　a　short　time　to
  remain　such。　　The　fatal　poison　of　irresponsible　power
  was　already　in　her　hands；　and　soon　commenced　its
  infernal　work。　　That　cheerful　eye；　under　the　influ…
  ence　of　slavery；　soon　became　red　with　rage；　that
  voice；　made　all　of　sweet　accord；　changed　to　one　of
  harsh　and　horrid　discord；　and　that　angelic　face　gave
  place　to　that　of　a　demon。
  Very　soon　after　I　went　to　live　with　Mr。　and　Mrs。
  Auld；　she　very　kindly　commenced　to　teach　me　the
  A；　B；　C。　　After　I　had　learned　this；　she　assisted　me　in
  learning　to　spell　words　of　three　or　four　letters。　　Just
  at　this　point　of　my　progress；　Mr。　Auld　found　out
  what　was　going　on；　and　at　once　forbade　Mrs。　Auld
  to　instruct　me　further；　telling　her；　among　other
  things；　that　it　was　unlawful；　as　well　as　unsafe；　to
  teach　a　slave　to　read。　　To　use　his　own　words；　further；
  he　said；　〃If　you　give　a　nigger　an　inch；　he　will　take
  an　ell。　　A　nigger　should　know　nothing　but　to　obey
  his　masterto　do　as　he　is　told　to　do。　　Learning　would
  ~spoil~　the　best　nigger　in　the　world。　　Now；〃　said　he；　〃if
  you　teach　that　nigger　（speaking　of　myself）　how　to
  read；　there　would　be　no　keeping　him。　　It　would　for…
  ever　unfit　him　to　be　a　slave。　　He　would　at　once　be…
  come　unmanageable；　and　of　no　value　to　his　master。
  As　to　himself；　it　could　do　him　no　good；　but　a　great
  deal　of　harm。　　It　would　make　him　discontented　and
  unhappy。〃　　These　words　sank　deep　into　my　heart；
  stirred　up　sentiments　within　that　lay　slumbering；
  and　called　into　existence　an　entirely　new　train　of
  thought。　　It　was　a　new　and　special　revelation；　ex…
  plaining　dark　and　mysterious　things；　with　which　my
  youthful　understanding　had　struggled；　but　struggled
  in　vain。　　I　now　understood　what　had　been　to　me　a
  most　perplexing　difficultyto　wit；　the　white　man's
  power　to　enslave　the　black　man。　　It　was　a　grand
  achievement；　and　I　prized　it　highly。　　From　that　mo…
  ment；　I　understood　the　pathway　from　slavery　to　free…
  dom。　　It　was　just　what　I　wanted；　and　I　got　it　at　a
  time　when　I　the　least　expected　it。　　Whilst　I　was　sad…
  dened　by　the　thought　of　losing　the　aid　of　my　kind
  mistress；　I　was　gladdened　by　the　invaluable　instruc…
  tion　which；　by　the　merest　accident；　I　had　gained
  from　my　master。　　Though　conscious　of　the　difficulty
  of　learning　without　a　teacher；　I　set　out　with　high
  hope；　and　a　fixed　purpose；　at　whatever　cost　of　trou…
  ble；　to　learn　how　to　read。　　The　very　decided　manner
  with　which　he　spoke；　and　strove　to　impress　his　wife
  with　the　evil　consequences　of　giving　me　instruction；
  served　to　convince　me　that　he　was　deeply　sensible
  of　the　truths　he　was　uttering。　　It　gave　me　the　best
  assurance　that　I　might　rely　with　the　utmost　confi…
  dence　on　the　results　which；　he　said；　would　flow　from
  teaching　me　to　read。　　What　he　most　dreaded；　that
  I　most　desired。　　What　he　most　loved；　that　I　most
  hated。　　That　which　to　him　was　a　great　evil；　to　be
  carefully　shunned；　was　to　me　a　great　good；　to　be
  diligently　sought；　and　the　argument　which　he　so
  warmly　urged；　against　my　learning　to　read；　only
  served　to　inspire　me　with　a　desire　and　determina…
  tion　to　learn。　　In　learning　to　read；　I　owe　almost　as
  much　to　the　bitter　opposition　of　my　master；　as　to
  the　kindly　aid　of　my　mistress。　　I　acknowledge　the
  benefit　of　both。
  I　had　resided　but　a　short　time　in　Baltimore　before
  I　observed　a　marked　difference；　in　the　treatment　of
  slaves；　from　that　which　I　had　witnessed　in　the　coun…
  try。　　A　city　slave　is　almost　a　freeman；　compared　with
  a　slave　on　the　plantation。　　He　is　much　better　fed　and
  clothed；　and　enjoys　privileges　altogether　unknown
  to　the　slave　on　the　plantation。　　There　is　a　vestige　of
  decency；　a　sense　of　shame；　that　does　much　to　curb
  and　check　those　outbreaks　of　atrocious　cruelty　so
  commonly　enacted　upon　the　plantation。　　He　is　a　des…
  perate　slaveholder；　who　will　shock　the　humanity　of
  his　non…slaveholding　neighbors　with　the　cries　of　his
  lacerated　slave。　　Few　are　willing　to　incur　the　odium
  attaching　to　the　reputation　of　being　a　cruel　master；
  and　above　all　things；　they　would　not　be　known　as
  not　giving　a　slave　enough　to　eat。　　Every　city　slave…
  holder　is　anxious　to　have　it　known　of　him；　that　he
  feeds　his　slaves　well；　and　it　is　due　to　them　to　say；
  that　most　of　them　do　give　their　slaves　enough　to　eat。
  There　are；　however；　some　painful　exceptions　to　this
  rule。　　Directly　opposite　to　us；　on　Philpot　Street；　lived
  Mr。　Thomas　Hamilton。　　He　owned　two　slaves。　　Their
  names　were　Henrietta　and　Mary。　　Henrietta　was
  about　twenty…two　years　of　age；　Mary　was　about　four…
  teen；　and　of　all　the　mangled　and　emaciated　creatures
  I　ever　looked　upon；　these　two　were　the　most　so。　　His
  heart　must　be　harder　than　stone；　that　could　look
  upon　these　unmoved。　　The　head；　neck；　and　shoulders
  of　Mary　were　literally　cut　to　pieces。　　I　have　fre…
  quently　felt　her　head；　and　found　it　nearly　covered
  with　festering　sores；　caused　by　the　lash　of　her　cruel
  mistress。　　I　do　not　know　that　her　master　ever　whipped
  her；　but　I　have　been　an　eye…witness　to　the　cruelty　of
  Mrs。　Hamilton。　　I　used　to　be　in　Mr。　Hamilton's　house
  nearly　every　day。　　Mrs。　Hamilton　used　to　sit　in　a　large
  chair　in　the　middle　of　the　room；　with　a　heavy　cow…
  skin　always　by　her　side；　and　scarce　an　hour　passed
  during　the　day　but　was　marked　by　the　blood　of　one
  of　these　slaves。　　The　girls　seldom　passed　her　without
  her　saying；　〃Move　faster；　you　~black　gip！~〃　at　the　same
  time　giving　them　a　blow　with　the　cowskin　over　the
  head　or　shoulders；　often　drawing　the　blood。　　She
  would　then　say；　〃Take　that；　you　~black　gip！~〃　con…
  tinuing；　〃If　you　don't　move　faster；　I'll　move　you！〃
  Added　to　the　cruel　lashings　to　which　these　slaves
  were　subjected；　they　were　kept　nearly　half…starved。
  They　seldom　knew　what　it　was　to　eat　a　full　meal。
  I　have　seen　Mary　contending　with　the　pigs　for　the
  offal　thrown　into　the　street。　　So　much　was　Mary
  kicked　and　cut　to　pieces；　that　she　was　oftener　called
  〃~pecked~〃　than　by　her　name。
  CHAPTER　VII
  I　lived　in　Master　Hugh's　family　about　seven　years。
  During　this　time；　I　succeeded　in　learning　to　read　and
  write。　　In　accomplishing　this；　I　was　compelled　to　re…
  sort　to　various　stratagems。　　I　had　no　regular　teacher。
  My　mistress；　who　had　kindly　commenced　to　instruct
  me；　had；　in　compliance　with　the　advice　and　direc…
  tion　of　her　husband；　not　only　ceased　to　instruct；　but
  had　set　her　face　against　my　being　instructed　by　any
  one　else。　　It　is　due；　however；　to　my　mistress　to　say
  of　her；　that　she　did　not　adopt　this　course　of　treat…
  ment　immediately。　　She　at　first　lacked　the　depravity
  indispensable　to　shutting　me　up　in　mental　darkness。
  It　was　at　least　necessary　for　her　to　have　some　training
  in　the　exercise　of　irresponsible　power；　to　make　her
  equal　to　the　task　of　treating　me　as　though　I　were
  a　brute。
  My　mistress　was；　as　I　have　said；　a　kind　and　tender…
  hearted　woman；　and　in　the　simplicity　of　her　soul　she
  commenced；　when　I　first　went　to　live　with　her；　to
  treat　me　as　she　supposed　one　human　being　ought
  to　treat　another。　　In　entering　upon　the　duties　of　a
  slaveholder；　she　did　not　seem　to　perceive　that　I　sus…
  tained　to　her　the　relation　of　a　mere　chattel；　and
  that　for　her　to　treat　me　as　a　human　being　was　not
  only　wrong；　but　dangerously　so。　　Slavery　proved　as
  injurious　to　her　as　it　did　to　me。　　When　I　went　there；
  she　was　a　pious；　warm；　and　tender…hearted　woman。
  There　was　no　sorrow　or　suffering　for　which　she　had
  not　a　tear。　　She　had　bread　for　the　hungry；　clothes　for
  the　naked；　and　comfort　for　every　mourner　that　came
  within　her　reach。　　Slavery　soon　proved　its　ability　to
  divest　her　of　these　heavenly　qualities。　　Under　its　in…
  fluence；　the　tender　heart　became　stone；　and　the
  lamblike　disposition　gave　way　to　one　of　tiger…like
  fierceness。　　The　first　step　in　her　downward　course　was
  in　her　ceasing　to　instruct　me。　　She　now　commenced
  to　practise　her　husband's　precepts。　　She　finally　be…
  came　even　more　violent　in　her　opposition　than　her
  husband　himself。　　She　was　not　satisfied　with　simply
  doing　as　well　as　he　had　commanded；　she　seemed
  anxious　to　do　better。　　Nothing　seemed　to　make　her
  more　angry　than　to　see　me　with　a　newspaper。　　She
  seemed　to　think　that　here　lay　the　danger。　　I　have　had
  her　rush　at　me　with　a　face　made　all　up　of　fury；　and
  snatch　from　me　a　newspaper；　in　a　manner　that　fully
  revealed　her　apprehension。　　She　was　an　apt　woman；
  and　a　little　experience　soon　demonstrated；　to　her
  satisfaction；　that　education　and　slavery　were　incom…
  patible　with　each　other。
  From　this　time　I　was　most　narrowly　watched。　　If　I
  was　in　a　separate　room　any　considerable　length　of
  time；　I　was　sure　to　be　suspected　of　having　a　book；
  and　was　at　once　called　to　give　an　account　of　myself。
  All　this；　however；　was　too　late。　　The　first　step　had
  been　taken。　　Mistress；　in　teaching　me　the　alphabet；
  had　given　me　the　~inch；~　and　no　precaution　could　p