第 19 节
作者:交通工具类:沧海一叶舟      更新:2021-12-07 09:33      字数:9322
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  had in view。 (65) Wherefore he perceived these things not as eternal truths;
  but as precepts and ordinances; and he ordained them as laws of God; and
  thus it came to be that he conceived God as a ruler; a legislator; a king; as
  merciful; just; &c。; whereas such qualities are simply attributes of human
  nature; and utterly alien from the nature of the Deity。 (66)Thus much we
  may affirm of the prophets who wrote laws in the name of God; but we
  must   not   affirm   it   of   Christ;   for   Christ;   although   He   too   seems   to   have
  written laws in the name of God; must be taken to have had a clear and
  adequate      perception;     for  Christ    was    not  so   much     a  prophet     as  the
  mouthpiece   of   God。  (67)   For   God   made   revelations to   mankind   through
  Christ   as   He   had   before   done   through   angels   …   that   is;   a   created   voice;
  visions;    &c。    (68)   It  would    be  as   unreasonable      to  say   that  God    had
  accommodated   his   revelations   to   the   opinions   of   Christ   as   that   He   had
  before accommodated them to the opinions of angels (that is; of a created
  voice or visions) as matters to be revealed to the prophets; a wholly absurd
  hypothesis。 (69) Moreover; Christ was sent to teach not only the Jews but
  the   whole   human   race;   and   therefore   it   was   not   enough   that   His   mind
  should be accommodated to the opinions the Jews alone; but also to the
  opinion and fundamental teaching common to the whole human race … in
  other words; to ideas universal and true。 (70) Inasmuch as God revealed
  Himself   to   Christ;   or   to   Christ's   mind   immediately;   and   not   as   to   the
  prophets through words and symbols; we must needs suppose that Christ
  perceived truly what was revealed; in other words; He understood it; for a;
  matter   is   understood   when   it   is   perceived   simply   by   the   mind   without
  words or symbols。
  (71) Christ; then; perceived (truly and adequately) what was revealed;
  and if He ever proclaimed such revelations as laws; He did so because of
  the ignorance and obstinacy of the people; acting in this respect the part of
  God; inasmuch as He accommodated Himself to the comprehension of the
  people;     and   though    He    spoke   somewhat       more    clearly   than   the  other
  prophets;     yet   He   taught    what    was   revealed     obscurely;    and   generally
  through parables;  especially  when He   was   speaking   to those to   whom  it
  was not yet given to understand the kingdom of heaven。 (See Matt。 xiii:10;
  &c。) (72) To those to whom it was given to understand the mysteries of
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  heaven; He doubtless taught His doctrines as eternal truths; and did not lay
  them     down     as  laws;   thus   freeing    the   minds    of  His   hearers    from    the
  bondage of that law which He further confirmed and established。 (73) Paul
  apparently   points   to   this   more   than   once   (e。g。   Rom。   vii:6;   and   iii:28);
  though he never himself seems to wish to speak openly; but; to quote his
  own     words     (Rom。     iii:6;  and   vi:19);   〃merely     humanly。〃     (74)    This   he
  expressly states when he calls God just; and it was doubtless in concession
  to   human   weakness   that   he   attributes   mercy;   grace;   anger;   and   similar
  qualities to God; adapting his language to the popular mind; or; as he puts
  it   (1  Cor。    iii:1;  2);  to  carnal    men。    (75)   In   Rom。    ix:18;    he   teaches
  undisguisedly   that   God's   auger   and   mercy   depend   not   on   the   actions   of
  men; but on God's own nature or will; further; that no one is justified by
  the works of the law; but only by faith; which he seems to identify with the
  full assent of the soul; lastly; that no one is blessed unless he have in him
  the mind of Christ (Rom。 viii:9); whereby he perceives the laws of God as
  eternal   truths。   (76)   We   conclude;   therefore;   that   God   is   described   as   a
  lawgiver or prince; and styled just; merciful; &c。; merely in concession to
  popular understanding; and the imperfection of popular knowledge; that in
  reality God acts and directs all things simply by the necessity of His nature
  and perfection; and that His decrees and volitions are eternal truths; and
  always involve necessity。 (77) So much for the first point which I wished
  to explain and demonstrate。
  (78) Passing on to the second point; let us search the sacred pages for
  their teaching concerning the light of nature and this Divine law。 (79) The
  first doctrine we find in the history of the first man; where it is narrated
  that   God   commanded   Adam   not   to   eat   of   the   fruit   of   the   tree   of   the
  knowledge   of   good   and   evil;   this   seems   to   mean   that   God   commanded
  Adam   to   do   and   to   seek   after   righteousness   because   it   was   good;   not
  because the contrary was evil: that is; to seek the good for its own sake;
  not from fear of evil。 (80) We have seen that he who acts rightly from the
  true    knowledge      and    love   of  right;   acts   with   freedom     and    constancy;
  whereas he who acts from fear of evil; is under the constraint of evil; and
  acts in bondage under external control。 (81) So that this commandment of
  God to Adam comprehends the whole Divine natural law; and absolutely
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  agrees   with   the   dictates   of   the   light   of   nature;   nay;   it   would   be   easy   to
  explain on this basis the whole history or allegory of the first man。 (82)
  But I prefer to pass over the subject in silence; because; in the first place; I
  cannot be absolutely certain that my explanation would be in accordance
  with the intention of the sacred writer; and; secondly; because many do not
  admit     that   this  history    is  an   allegory;   maintaining      it  to  be   a  simple
  narrative of facts。 (83) It will be better; therefore; to adduce other passages
  of Scripture; especially such as were written by him; who speaks with all
  the   strength   of   his   natural   understanding;   in   which   he   surpassed   all   his
  contemporaries; and whose sayings are accepted by the people as of equal
  weight with those of the prophets。 (84) I mean Solomon; whose prudence
  and wisdom are commended in Scripture rather than his piety and gift of
  prophecy。 (85) Life being taken to mean the true life (as is evident from
  Deut。 xxx:19); the fruit of the understanding consists only in the true life;
  and   its   absence   constitutes   punishment。   (86)   All   this   absolutely   agrees
  with   what   was   set   out   in   our   fourth   point   concerning   natural   law。   (87)
  Moreover       our   position    that   it  is  the  well…spring     of  life;  and   that   the
  intellect alone lays down laws for the wise; is plainly taught by; the sage;
  for he says (Prov。 xiii14): 〃The law of the wise is a fountain of life 〃 … that
  is; as we gather from the preceding text; the understanding。 (88) In chap。
  iii:13; he expressly teaches that the understanding renders man blessed and
  happy; and gives him true peace of mind。 〃Happy is the man that findeth
  wisdom;       and   the  man    that   getteth   understanding;〃       for  〃Wisdom   gives
  length of days; and riches and honour; her ways are ways of pleasantness;
  and all her paths peace〃 (xiiii6; 17)。 (89) According to Solomon; therefore;
  it is only; the wise who live in peace and equanimity; not like the wicked
  whose   minds   drift   hither   and   thither;   and   (as   Isaiah   says;   chap。   Ivii:20)
  〃are like the troubled sea; for them there is no peace。〃
  (90)    Lastly;   we   should     especially   note    the   passage    in   chap。   ii。  of
  Solomon's proverbs which most clearly confirms our contention: 〃If thou
  criest after knowledge; and liftest up thy voice for understanding 。 。 。 then
  shalt thou understand the fear of the Lord; and find the knowledge of God;
  for   the   Lord   giveth   wisdom;   out   of   His   mouth   cometh   knowledge   and
  understanding。〃   (91)   These   words   clearly   enunciate   (1);   that   wisdom   or
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  intellect alone teaches us to fear God wisely … that is; to worship Him truly;
  (2);   that   wisdom   and   knowledge   flow   from   God's   mouth;   and   that   God
  bestows on   us this   gift;   t