第 2 节
作者:交通工具类:沧海一叶舟      更新:2021-12-07 09:33      字数:9320
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  public peace be secure。
  (21) Such is the chief conclusion I seek to establish in this treatise; but;
  in order to reach it; I must first point out the misconceptions which; like
  scars   of   our   former   bondage;   still   disfigure   our   notion   of   religion;   and
  must   expose   the   false   views   about   the   civil   authority   which   many   have
  most impudently advocated; endeavouring to turn the mind of the people;
  still prone to heathen superstition; away from its legitimate rulers; and so
  bring us again into slavery。 (22) As to the order of my treatise I will speak
  presently; but first I will recount the causes which led me to write。
  (23)    I  have    often   wondered;      that  persons     who    make     a  boast   of
  professing   the   Christian   religion;   namely;   love;   joy;   peace;   temperance;
  and charity to all men; should quarrel with such rancorous animosity; and
  display daily towards one another such bitter hatred; that this; rather than
  the virtues they claim; is the readiest criterion of their faith。 (24) Matters
  have long since come to such a pass; that one can only pronounce a man
  Christian; Turk; Jew; or Heathen; by his general appearance and attire; by
  his frequenting this or that place of worship; or employing the phraseology
  of a particular sect … as for manner of life; it is in all cases the same。 (25)
  Inquiry into the cause of this anomaly leads me unhesitatingly to ascribe it
  to the fact; that the ministries of the Church are regarded by the masses
  merely as dignities; her offices as posts of emolument … in short; popular
  religion may be summed up as respect for ecclesiastics。 (26) The spread of
  this misconception inflamed every worthless fellow with an intense desire
  to   enter    holy   orders;    and   thus   the   love   of   diffusing    God's    religion
  degenerated into sordid avarice and ambition。 (27) Every church became a
  theatre; where orators; instead of church teachers; harangued; caring not to
  instruct the people; but striving to attract admiration; to bring opponents to
  public scorn; and to preach only novelties and paradoxes; such as would
  tickle the ears of their congregation。 (28) This state of things necessarily
  stirred up an amount of controversy; envy; and hatred; which no lapse of
  time could appease; so that we can scarcely wonder that of the old religion
  nothing survives   but   its   outward   forms   (even these;   in   the   mouth   of   the
  multitude;   seem   rather   adulation   than   adoration   of   the   Deity);   and   that
  faith   has   become   a   mere   compound   of   credulity   and   prejudices   …   aye;
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  prejudices   too;   which   degrade   man   from   rational   being   to   beast;   which
  completely   stifle   the   power   of   judgment   between   true   and   false;   which
  seem; in fact; carefully fostered for the purpose of extinguishing the last
  spark of reason! (29) Piety; great God! and religion are become a tissue of
  ridiculous mysteries; men; who flatly despise reason; who reject and turn
  away   from   understanding   as   naturally   corrupt;   these;   I   say;   these   of   all
  men; are thought; 0 lie most horrible! to possess light from on High。 (30)
  Verily;  if   they  had   but   one spark   of   light   from  on   High;  they  would   not
  insolently rave; but would learn to worship God more wisely; and would
  be as marked among their fellows for mercy as they now are for malice; if
  they  were   concerned   for  their   opponents'   souls;   instead   of   for  their  own
  reputations; they  would no   longer   fiercely  persecute; but   rather   be   filled
  with pity and compassion。
  (31)   Furthermore;   if   any  Divine   light   were   in   them;   it   would   appear
  from their doctrine。 (32) I grant that they are never tired of professing their
  wonder at the profound mysteries of Holy Writ; still I cannot discover that
  they   teach   anything   but   speculations   of   Platonists   and   Aristotelians;   to
  which (in order to save their credit for Christianity) they have made Holy
  Writ conform; not content to rave with the Greeks themselves; they want
  to make the prophets rave also; showing conclusively; that never even in
  sleep   have   they  caught   a   glimpse   of   Scripture's   Divine   nature。   (33)   The
  very vehemence of their admiration for the mysteries plainly attests; that
  their belief in the Bible is a formal assent rather than a living faith: and the
  fact   is   made   still   more   apparent   by   their   laying   down   beforehand;   as   a
  foundation for the study and true interpretation of Scripture; the principle
  that it is in every passage true and divine。 (34) Such a doctrine should be
  reached      only   after  strict  scrutiny    and   thorough      comprehension        of  the
  Sacred Books (which would teach it much better; for they stand in need no
  human factions); and not be set up on the threshold; as it were; of inquiry。
  (35) As I pondered over the facts that the light of reason is not only
  despised; but by many even execrated as a source of impiety; that human
  commentaries are accepted as divine records; and that credulity is extolled
  as   faith;   as   I   marked   the   fierce   controversies   of   philosophers   raging   in
  Church   and   State;   the   source   of   bitter   hatred   and   dissension;   the   ready
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  instruments       of   sedition    and   other    ills  innumerable;      I  determined      to
  examine   the   Bible   afresh   in   a   careful;   impartial;   and   unfettered   spirit;
  making   no   assumptions   concerning   it;   and   attributing   to   it   no   doctrines;
  which I do not find clearly therein set down。 (36) With these precautions I
  constructed       a  method     of   Scriptural    interpretation;     and   thus   equipped
  proceeded   to   inquire   …   what   is   prophecy?   (37)   In   what   sense   did   God
  reveal himself to the prophets; and why were these particular men … chosen
  by him? (38) Was it on account of the sublimity of their thoughts about the
  Deity  and   nature; or   was   it solely  on   account   of   their piety?   (39) These
  questions being answered; I was easily able to conclude; that the authority
  of   the   prophets   has   weight   only   in   matters   of   morality;   and   that   their
  speculative doctrines affect us little。
  (40)   Next     I  inquired;   why   the   Hebrews      were    called   God's    chosen
  people; and discovering that it was only because God had chosen for them
  a certain strip of territory; where they might live peaceably and at ease; I
  learnt that the Law revealed by God to Moses was merely the law of the
  individual      Hebrew      state;  therefore     that  it  was    binding     on   none    but
  Hebrews; and not even on Hebrews after the downfall of their nation。 (41)
  Further;     in   order   to   ascertain;    whether     it  could    be   concluded      from
  Scripture;   that   the   human   understanding   standing   is   naturally   corrupt;   I
  inquired whether the Universal Religion; the Divine Law revealed through
  the   Prophets   and   Apostles   to   the   whole   human   race;   differs   from   that
  which is taught by the light of natural reason; whether miracles can take
  place in violation of the laws of nature; and if so; whether they imply the
  existence      of   God     more    surely    and    clearly    than   events;    which     we
  understand plainly and distinctly through their immediate natural causes。
  (42) Now; as in the whole course of my investigation I found nothing
  taught      expressly     by    Scripture;      which     does     not    agree    with     our
  understanding;        or  which    is  repugnant      thereto;   and   as   I  saw   that   the
  prophets taught nothing; which is not very simple and easily to be grasped
  by    all;  and   further;   that  they   clothed    their   leaching    in  the   style;  and
  confirmed it with the reasons; which would most deeply move the mind of
  the masses to devotion towards God; I became thoroughly convinced; that
  the Bible leaves reason absolutely free; that it has nothing in common with
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  philosophy;   in   fact;     that   Revelation    and    Philosophy   stand   on      different
  footings。   In   order   to   set   this