第 21 节
作者:淋雨      更新:2021-12-07 09:32      字数:9321
  them。     Child   life   must   be   socially   organized:      no   parent;   rich   or   poor;
  can   choose   institutions   that   do   not   exist;   and   the   private   enterprise   of
  individual      school   masters     appealing     to  a  group    of  well…to…do     parents;
  though it may shew what can be done by enthusiasts with new methods;
  cannot touch   the   mass of our   children。          For   the average parent   or   child
  nothing is really available except the established practice; and this is what
  makes it so important that the established practice should be a sound one;
  and    so   useless    for  clever   individuals     to  disparage     it  unless   they    can
  organize an alternative practice and make it; too; general。
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  The Pursuit of Manners
  If you cross…examine the duke and the coster; you will find that they
  are not concerned for the scholastic attainments of their children。 Ask the
  duke whether he could pass the standard examination of twelve…year…old
  children in elementary schools; and he will admit; with an entirely placid
  smile; that he would almost certainly be ignominiously plucked。                     And he
  is   so   little   ashamed   of   or   disadvantaged   by   his   condition   that   he   is   not
  prepared   to   spend   an   hour   in   remedying   it。   The   coster   may   resent   the
  inquiry instead of being amused by it; but his answer; if true; will be the
  same。     What they both want for their children is the communal training;
  the   apprenticeship   to   society;   the   lessons   in   holding   one's   own   among
  people   of   all   sorts   with   whom  one   is not;  as   in the   home;  on   privileged
  terms。     These can be acquired only by 〃mixing with the world;〃 no matter
  how wicked the world is。           No parent cares twopence whether his children
  can write Latin hexameters or repeat the dates of the accession of all the
  English     monarchs      since   the   Conqueror;      but   all  parents   are   earnestly
  anxious   about   the   manners   of   their   children。   Better   Claude   Duval   than
  Kaspar   Hauser。       Laborers   who   are   contemptuously   anti…clerical   in   their
  opinions will send their daughters to the convent school because the nuns
  teach them some sort of gentleness of speech and behavior。                      And peers
  who tell you that our public schools are rotten through and through; and
  that our Universities ought to be razed to the foundations; send their sons
  to   Eton   and   Oxford;   Harrow   and   Cambridge;   not   only   because   there   is
  nothing   else   to   be   done;   but   because   these   places;   though   they   turn   out
  blackguards and ignoramuses and boobies galore; turn them out with the
  habits and manners of the society they belong to。                Bad as those manners
  are   in   many   respects;   they   are   better   than   no   manners   at   all。   And   no
  individual or family can possibly teach them。               They can be acquired only
  by living in an organized community in which they are traditional。
  Thus we see that there are reasons for the segregation of children even
  in families where the great reason:           namely; that children are nuisances to
  adults;  does   not   press   very  hardly;   as;   for   instance;  in   the   houses   of   the
  very poor; who can send their children to play in the streets; or the houses
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  of the very rich; which are so large that the children's quarters can be kept
  out of the parents' way like the servants' quarters。
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  Not too much Wind on the Heath;
  Brother
  What; then; is to be done?        For the present; unfortunately; little except
  propagating the conception of Children's Rights。                Only the achievement
  of   economic      equality   through    Socialism   can    make    it  possible   to  deal
  thoroughly with the question from the point of view of the total interest of
  the   community;   which   must   always   consist   of   grown…up   children。         Yet
  economic       equality;   like  all  simple    and   obvious     arrangements;      seems
  impossible   to   people   brought   up   as   children   are   now。   Still;   something
  can be done even within class limits。            Large communities of children of
  the same class are possible today; and voluntary organization of outdoor
  life for children has already begun in Boy Scouting and excursions of one
  kind or another。       The discovery that anything; even school life; is better
  for the child than home life; will become an over…ridden hobby; and we
  shall   presently   be   told   by   our   faddists   that   anything;   even   camp   life;   is
  better than school life。       Some   blundering beginnings of this   are  already
  perceptible。   There   is   a   movement   for   making   our   British   children   into
  priggish little barefooted vagabonds; all talking like that born fool George
  Borrow; and supposed to be splendidly healthy because they would die if
  they slept in   rooms with the   windows shut;   or perhaps even   with a   roof
  over    their  heads。    Still;  this  is  a  fairly  healthy    folly;  and   it  may   do
  something to establish Mr Harold Cox's claim of a Right to Roam as the
  basis   of   a   much   needed   law   compelling   proprietors   of   land   to   provide
  plenty of gates in their fences; and to leave them unlocked when there are
  no growing crops to be damaged nor bulls to be encountered; instead of; as
  at present; imprisoning the human race in dusty or muddy thoroughfares
  between walls of barbed wire。
  The    reaction    against    vagabondage       will   come    from    the   children
  themselves。      For    them    freedom   will    not  mean    the   expensive    kind   of
  savagery   now   called   〃the   simple   life。〃     Their   natural   disgust   with   the
  visions of cockney book fanciers blowing themselves out with 〃the wind
  on    the  heath;   brother;〃   and   of  anarchists    who   are   either  too   weak    to
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  understand that men are strong and free in proportion to the social pressure
  they can stand and the complexity of the obligations they are prepared to
  undertake; or too strong to realize that what is freedom  to them  may  be
  terror and bewilderment to others; will drive them back to the home and
  the   school   if   these   have   meanwhile   learned   the   lesson   that   children   are
  independent human beings and have rights。
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  Wanted:                   a Child's Magna Charta
  Whether we shall presently be discussing a Juvenile Magna Charta or
  Declaration of Rights by way of including children in the Constitution is a
  question   on   which   I   leave   others   to   speculate。   But   if   it   could   once   be
  established that a child has an adult's Right of Egress from uncomfortable
  places and unpleasant company; and there were children's lawyers to sue
  pedagogues   and   others   for   assault   and   imprisonment;   there   would   be   an
  amazing   change   in   the   behavior   of   schoolmasters;   the   quality   of   school
  books; and the amenities of school life。             That Consciousness of Consent
  which; even in its present delusive form; has enabled Democracy to oust
  tyrannical systems in spite of all its vulgarities and stupidities and rancors
  and    ineptitudes     and   ignorances;     would     operate    as  powerfully      among
  children   as   it   does   now   among     grown…ups。      No   doubt   the   pedagogue
  would promptly turn demagogue; and woo his scholars by all the arts of
  demagogy;        but  none    of   these   arts  can   easily   be   so   dishonorable     or
  mischievous   as   the   art   of   caning。    And;   after   all;   if   larger   liberties   are
  attached to the acquisition of knowledge; and the child finds that it can no
  more   go   to   the   seaside   without   a   knowledge   of   the   multiplication   and
  pence   tables   than   it   can   be   an   astronomer   without   mathematics;   it   will
  learn the multiplication table; which is more than it always does at present;
  in spite