第 15 节
作者:淋雨      更新:2021-12-07 09:32      字数:9322
  not     produce     intelligible    results。     I   admit;    however;      that   if   my
  schoolmasters had treated me as an experiment of the Life Force:                    that is;
  if they had set me free to do as I liked subject only to my political rights
  and theirs; they could not have watched the experiment very long; because
  the   first   result   would   have   been   a   rapid   movement   on   my   part   in   the
  direction of the door; and my disappearance there…through。
  It may be worth inquiring where I should have gone to。                  I should say
  that practically every time I should have gone to a much more educational
  place。    I  should   have   gone   into   the   country;   or   into   the  sea;   or   into   the
  National   Gallery;   or   to   hear   a   band   if   there   was   one;   or   to   any   library
  where     there   were   no   schoolbooks。      I   should   have    read   very   dry   and
  difficult books:      for example; though nothing would have induced me to
  read the budget of stupid party lies that served as a text…book of history in
  school;   I   remember   reading   Robertson's   Charles   V。   and   his   history   of
  Scotland from end to end most laboriously。 Once; stung by the airs of a
  schoolfellow       who    alleged    that  he   had    read   Locke    On    The    Human
  Understanding; I attempted to read the Bible straight through; and actually
  got to the Pauline Epistles before I broke down in disgust at what seemed
  to me their inveterate crookedness of   mind。             If there had been a   school
  where children were really free; I should have had to be driven out of it for
  the sake of my health by the teachers; for the children to whom a literary
  education can be of any use are insatiable:              they will read and study far
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  more than is good for them。          In fact the real difficulty is to prevent them
  from wasting their time by reading for the sake of reading and studying for
  the sake of studying; instead of taking some trouble to find out what they
  really like and are capable of doing some good at。              Some silly person will
  probably  interrupt   me   here   with   the   remark   that   many   children   have   no
  appetite for a literary education at all; and would never open a book if they
  were   not   forced   to。   I   have   known   many   such   persons   who   have   been
  forced to the point of obtaining University degrees。             And for all the effect
  their literary exercises has left on them they might just as well have been
  put   on   the  treadmill。    In    fact  they   are  actually   less  literate  than   the
  treadmill would have left them; for they might by chance have picked up
  and dipped into a volume of Shakespear or a translation of Homer if they
  had not been driven to loathe every famous name in literature。                   I should
  probably know as much Latin as French; if Latin had not been made the
  excuse for my school imprisonment and degradation。
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  Why We Loathe Learning and
  Love Sport
  If   we   are   to   discuss   the   importance   of   art;   learning;   and   intellectual
  culture; the first thing we have to recognize is that we have very little of
  them at present; and that this little has not been produced by compulsory
  education:      nay; that the scarcity is unnatural and has been produced by
  the violent exclusion of art and artists from schools。              On the other hand
  we have quite a considerable degree of bodily culture:                indeed there is a
  continual     outcry    against   the   sacrifice   of   mental    accomplishments        to
  athletics。     In    other    words    a   sacrifice   of   the   professed     object   of
  compulsory   education   to   the   real   object   of   voluntary   education。       It   is
  assumed that this   means that people  prefer bodily to   mental culture;   but
  may it not mean that they prefer liberty and satisfaction to coercion and
  privation。     Why is it that people who have been taught Shakespear as a
  school subject loathe his plays and cannot by any means be persuaded ever
  to open his works after they escape from school; whereas there is still; 300
  years after his death; a wide and steady sale for his works to people who
  read his plays as plays; and not as task work?              If Shakespear; or for that
  matter; Newton and Leibnitz; are allowed to find their readers and students
  they   will   find   them。   If   their   works   are   annotated   and   paraphrased   by
  dullards; and the annotations and paraphrases forced on all young people
  by imprisonment and flogging and scolding; there will not be a single man
  of   letters  or   higher   mathematician      the   more    in  the  country:    on    the
  contrary  there   will   be   less;   as   so   many  potential   lovers   of   literature   and
  mathematics        will    have    been     incurably     prejudiced      against    them。
  Everyone who is conversant with   the class in which child imprisonment
  and   compulsory   schooling        is   carried  out   to   the   final   extremity   of   the
  university degree knows that its scholastic culture is a sham; that it knows
  little about literature or art and a great deal about point…to…point races; and
  that   the  village   cobbler;   who    has   never   read   a  page   of  Plato;   and   is
  admittedly      a  dangerously      ignorant    man    politically;   is  nevertheless     a
  Socrates     compared      to  the  classically   educated    gentlemen     who    discuss
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  politics in country houses at election time (and at no other time) after their
  day's earnest and skilful shooting。        Think of the years and years of weary
  torment   the   women   of   the   piano…possessing   class   have   been   forced   to
  spend over the keyboard; fingering scales。           How many of them could be
  bribed to attend a pianoforte recital by a great player; though they will rise
  from sick beds rather than miss Ascot or Goodwood?
  Another familiar fact that teaches the same lesson is that many women
  who have voluntarily attained a high degree of culture cannot add up their
  own housekeeping books; though their education in simple arithmetic was
  compulsory;   whereas   their   higher   education   has   been   wholly   voluntary。
  Everywhere we find the same result。           The imprisonment; the beating; the
  taming     and    laming;    the   breaking    of   young     spirits;  the   arrest  of
  development; the atrophy of all inhibitive power except the power of fear;
  are   real:  the   education   is   sham。    Those   who   have   been   taught   most
  know least。
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  Antichrist
  Among   the   worst   effects   of   the   unnatural   segregation   of   children   in
  schools and the equally unnatural constant association of them with adults
  in the family is the utter defeat of the vital element in Christianity。              Christ
  stands in the world for that intuition of the highest humanity that we; being
  members   one   of   another;   must   not   complain;   must   not   scold;   must   not
  strike; nor revile nor persecute nor revenge nor punish。                Now family life
  and school life are; as far as the moral training of children is concerned;
  nothing but the deliberate inculcation of a routine of complaint; scolding;
  punishment; persecution; and revenge as the natural and only possible way
  of dealing with evil or inconvenience。             〃Aint nobody to be whopped for
  this   here?〃    exclaimed     Sam   Weller    when     he  saw   his   employer's     name
  written up on a stage coach; and conceived the phenomenon as an insult
  which reflected on himself。           This exclamation of Sam Weller is at once
  the   negation   of   Christianity   and   the   beginning   and   the   end   of   current
  morality; and so it will remain as long as the family and the school persist
  as we know them:          that is; as long as the rights of children are so utterly
  denied that nobody will even take the trouble to ascertain what they are;
  and   coming   of   age   is   like   the   turning   of   a   convict   into   the   street   after
  twenty…one years penal servitude。 Indeed it is worse; for the convict may