第 8 节
作者:淋雨      更新:2021-12-07 09:32      字数:9322
  schoolmaster   appealed   to   the   law;   and   my   friend   found   himself   waiting
  nervously in the   Hammersmith Police Court   to answer for his breach   of
  the peace。      In his anxiety he asked a police officer what would happen to
  him。     〃What did you do?〃 said the officer。             〃I gave a man a black eye〃
  said my friend。        〃Six pounds if he was a gentleman:              two pounds if he
  wasnt;〃   said   the   constable。     〃He   was   a   schoolmaster〃   said   my   friend。
  〃Two pounds〃 said the officer; and two pounds it was。                  The blood money
  was     paid    cheerfully;     and    I   have    ever    since    advised     elementary
  schoolmasters       to  qualify   themselves      in  the  art  of  self…defence;     as  the
  British Constitution expresses our national estimate of them by allowing
  us to blacken three of their eyes for the same price as one of an ordinary
  professional man。        How many Froebels and Pestalozzis and Miss Masons
  and Doctoress Montessoris would you be likely to get on these terms even
  if they occurred much more frequently in nature than they actually do?
  No:    I cannot be put off by the news that our system would be perfect
  if it were worked by angels。          I do not admit it even at that; just as I do not
  admit that if the sky fell we should all catch larks。              But I do not propose
  to   bother   about   a   supply   of   specific   genius   which   does   not   exist;   and
  which;   if   it   did   exist;   could   operate   only   by   at   once   recognizing  and
  establishing the rights of children。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  What We Do Not Teach; and Why
  To my mind; a glance at the subjects now taught in schools ought to
  convince  any  reasonable   person   that   the object   of  the  lessons   is   to   keep
  children out of mischief; and not to qualify them for their part in life as
  responsible citizens of a free State。          It is not possible to maintain freedom
  in   any   State;   no   matter   how   perfect   its   original   constitution;   unless   its
  publicly   active   citizens   know   a   good   deal   of   constitutional   history;   law;
  and political science; with its basis of economics。                If as much pains had
  been taken a century ago to make us all understand Ricardo's law of rent
  as to learn our catechisms; the face of the world would have been changed
  for the better。     But for that very reason the greatest care is taken to keep
  such   beneficially   subversive   knowledge   from   us;   with   the   result   that   in
  public life we are either place…hunters; anarchists; or sheep shepherded by
  wolves。
  But   it   will   be   observed   that   these   are   highly   controversial   subjects。
  Now no controversial subject can be taught dogmatically。                   He who knows
  only the official side of a controversy knows less than nothing of its nature。
  The abler a schoolmaster is; the more dangerous he is to his pupils unless
  they have the fullest opportunity of hearing another equally able person do
  his utmost to shake his authority and convict him of error。
  At    present   such    teaching    is  very  unpopular。      It   does   not  exist   in
  schools; but every adult who derives his knowledge of public affairs from
  the newspapers can take in; at the cost of an extra halfpenny; two papers of
  opposite     politics。    Yet   the   ordinary    man    so  dislikes    having    his  mind
  unsettled;   as   he   calls   it;   that   he   angrily   refuses   to   allow   a   paper   which
  dissents from his views to be brought into his house。                Even at his club he
  resents    seeing    it;  and  excludes     it  if  it  happens   to  run   counter   to   the
  opinions of all the members。           The result is that his opinions are not worth
  considering。       A  churchman   who   never   reads The   Freethinker   very  soon
  has   no   more   real   religion   than   the   atheist   who   never   reads   The   Church
  Times。      The     attitude   is  the  same    in  both   cases:    they    want    to  hear
  nothing   good   of   their   enemies;   consequently   they   remain   enemies   and
  suffer    from    bad   blood    all  their  lives;   whereas     men    who    know     their
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  opponents   and   understand   their   case;   quite   commonly   respect   and   like
  them; and always learn something from them。
  Here;  again;   as   at   so   many  points;   we   come   up   against   the   abuse   of
  schools     to  keep    people    in  ignorance     and   error;   so  that  they   may    be
  incapable of successful revolt against their industrial slavery。                 The most
  important   simple   fundamental   economic   truth   to   impress   on   a   child   in
  complicated   civilizations   like   ours   is   the   truth   that   whoever   consumes
  goods or services without producing by personal effort the equivalent of
  what   he   or   she   consumes;   inflicts   on   the   community  precisely   the   same
  injury that a thief produces; and would; in any honest State; be treated as a
  thief; however full his or her pockets might be of money made by other
  people。      The   nation   that   first   teaches   its   children   that   truth;   instead   of
  flogging them if they discover it for themselves; may have to fight all the
  slaves of all the other nations to begin with; but it will beat them as easily
  as an unburdened man with his hands free and with all his energies in full
  play can beat an invalid who has to carry another invalid on his back。
  This; however; is not an evil produced by the denial of children's rights;
  nor is it inherent   in the nature   of schools。         I   mention   it   only  because   it
  would be folly to call for a reform of our schools without taking account
  of the corrupt resistance which awaits the reformer。
  A word must also be said about the opposition to reform of the vested
  interest of the classical and coercive schoolmaster。               He; poor wretch; has
  no other means of livelihood; and reform would leave him as a workman
  is now left when he is superseded by a machine。                 He had therefore better
  do what he can to get the workman compensated; so as to make the public
  familiar with the idea of compensation before his own turn comes。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  Taboo in Schools
  The  suppression   of   economic   knowledge;  disastrous   as   it   is;   is   quite
  intelligible; its corrupt motive being as clear as the motive of a burglar for
  concealing his jemmy from a policeman。                 But the other great suppression
  in our   schools; the suppression of   the subject of sex; is   a case   of taboo。
  In mankind; the lower the type; and the less cultivated the mind; the less
  courage   there   is   to   face   important   subjects   objectively。     The   ablest   and
  most   highly   cultivated   people   continually   discuss   religion;   politics;   and
  sex:    it   is   hardly   an   exaggeration   to   say   that   they   discuss   nothing   else
  with    fully…awakened        interest。   Commoner         and   less   cultivated    people;
  even when they form societies for discussion; make a rule that politics and
  religion   are   not   to   be   mentioned;   and   take   it   for   granted   that   no   decent
  person     would     attempt    to  discuss    sex。   The     three   subjects   are   feared
  because they rouse the crude passions which call for furious gratification
  in    murder     and   rapine    at  worst;    and;   at   best;   lead   to  quarrels    and
  undesirable states of consciousness。
  Even when this excuse of bad manners; ill temper; and brutishness (for
  that is what it comes to) compels us to accept it from those adults among
  whom political and theological discussion does as a matter of fact lead to
  the drawing of knives and pistols; and sex discussion leads to obscenity; it
  has no application to children except as an imperative reason for training
  them to respect other people's opinions; and to insist on respect for their
  own in these as in other important matters which are equally dangerous:
  for example; money。 And in any case there are decisive reasons; superior;
  like   the   reasons   for   suspending   conventional   reticences   between   doctor
  and    patient;   to  all  considerations      of  mere    decorum;     for  giving    proper
  inst