looked　rather　bare　of　furniture；　but　in　hot　climates　people
  generally　keep　their　rooms　more　bare　than　they　do　in　colder　ones。
  I　missed　also　the　sight　of　a　grand　piano　or　some　similar
  instrument；　there　being　no　means　of　producing　music　in　any　of　the
  rooms　save　the　larger　drawing…room；　where　there　were　half　a　dozen
  large　bronze　gongs；　which　the　ladies　used　occasionally　to　beat
  about　at　random。　　It　was　not　pleasant　to　hear　them；　but　I　have
  heard　quite　as　unpleasant　music　both　before　and　since。
  Mr。　Nosnibor　took　me　through　several　spacious　rooms　till　we　reached
  a　boudoir　where　were　his　wife　and　daughters；　of　whom　I　had　heard
  from　the　interpreter。　　Mrs。　Nosnibor　was　about　forty　years　old；　and
  still　handsome；　but　she　had　grown　very　stout：　　her　daughters　were
  in　the　prime　of　youth　and　exquisitely　beautiful。　　I　gave　the
  preference　almost　at　once　to　the　younger；　whose　name　was　Arowhena；
  for　the　elder　sister　was　haughty；　while　the　younger　had　a　very
  winning　manner。　　Mrs。　Nosnibor　received　me　with　the　perfection　of
  courtesy；　so　that　I　must　have　indeed　been　shy　and　nervous　if　I　had
  not　at　once　felt　welcome。　　Scarcely　was　the　ceremony　of　my
  introduction　well　completed　before　a　servant　announced　that　dinner
  was　ready　in　the　next　room。　　I　was　exceedingly　hungry；　and　the
  dinner　was　beyond　all　praise。　　Can　the　reader　wonder　that　I　began
  to　consider　myself　in　excellent　quarters？　　〃That　man　embezzle
  money？〃　thought　I　to　myself；　〃impossible。〃
  But　I　noticed　that　my　host　was　uneasy　during　the　whole　meal；　and
  that　he　ate　nothing　but　a　little　bread　and　milk；　towards　the　end　of
  dinner　there　came　a　tall　lean　man　with　a　black　beard；　to　whom　Mr。
  Nosnibor　and　the　whole　family　paid　great　attention：　　he　was　the
  family　straightener。　　With　this　gentleman　Mr。　Nosnibor　retired　into
  another　room；　from　which　there　presently　proceeded　a　sound　of
  weeping　and　wailing。　　I　could　hardly　believe　my　ears；　but　in　a　few
  minutes　I　got　to　know　for　a　certainty　that　they　came　from　Mr。
  Nosnibor　himself。
  〃Poor　papa；〃　said　Arowhena；　as　she　helped　herself　composedly　to　the
  salt；　〃how　terribly　he　has　suffered。〃
  〃Yes；〃　answered　her　mother；　〃but　I　think　he　is　quite　out　of　danger
  now。〃
  Then　they　went　on　to　explain　to　me　the　circumstances　of　the　case；
  and　the　treatment　which　the　straightener　had　prescribed；　and　how
  successful　he　had　beenall　which　I　will　reserve　for　another
  chapter；　and　put　rather　in　the　form　of　a　general　summary　of　the
  opinions　current　upon　these　subjects　than　in　the　exact　words　in
  which　the　facts　were　delivered　to　me；　the　reader；　however；　is
  earnestly　requested　to　believe　that　both　in　this　next　chapter　and
  in　those　that　follow　it　I　have　endeavoured　to　adhere　most
  conscientiously　to　the　strictest　accuracy；　and　that　I　have　never
  willingly　misrepresented；　though　I　may　have　sometimes　failed　to
  understand　all　the　bearings　of　an　opinion　or　custom。
  CHAPTER　X：　　CURRENT　OPINIONS
  This　is　what　I　gathered。　　That　in　that　country　if　a　man　falls　into
  ill　health；　or　catches　any　disorder；　or　fails　bodily　in　any　way
  before　he　is　seventy　years　old；　he　is　tried　before　a　jury　of　his
  countrymen；　and　if　convicted　is　held　up　to　public　scorn　and
  sentenced　more　or　less　severely　as　the　case　may　be。　　There　are
  subdivisions　of　illnesses　into　crimes　and　misdemeanours　as　with
  offences　amongst　ourselvesa　man　being　punished　very　heavily　for
  serious　illness；　while　failure　of　eyes　or　hearing　in　one　over
  sixty…five；　who　has　had　good　health　hitherto；　is　dealt　with　by　fine
  only；　or　imprisonment　in　default　of　payment。　　But　if　a　man　forges　a
  cheque；　or　sets　his　house　on　fire；　or　robs　with　violence　from　the
  person；　or　does　any　other　such　things　as　are　criminal　in　our　own
  country；　he　is　either　taken　to　a　hospital　and　most　carefully　tended
  at　the　public　expense；　or　if　he　is　in　good　circumstances；　he　lets
  it　be　known　to　all　his　friends　that　he　is　suffering　from　a　severe
  fit　of　immorality；　just　as　we　do　when　we　are　ill；　and　they　come　and
  visit　him　with　great　solicitude；　and　inquire　with　interest　how　it
  all　came　about；　what　symptoms　first　showed　themselves；　and　so
  forth；questions　which　he　will　answer　with　perfect　unreserve；　for
  bad　conduct；　though　considered　no　less　deplorable　than　illness　with
  ourselves；　and　as　unquestionably　indicating　something　seriously
  wrong　with　the　individual　who　misbehaves；　is　nevertheless　held　to
  be　the　result　of　either　pre…natal　or　post…natal　misfortune。
  The　strange　part　of　the　story；　however；　is　that　though　they　ascribe
  moral　defects　to　the　effect　of　misfortune　either　in　character　or
  surroundings；　they　will　not　listen　to　the　plea　of　misfortune　in
  cases　that　in　England　meet　with　sympathy　and　commiseration　only。
  Ill　luck　of　any　kind；　or　even　ill　treatment　at　the　hands　of　others；
  is　considered　an　offence　against　society；　inasmuch　as　it　makes
  people　uncomfortable　to　hear　of　it。　　Loss　of　fortune；　therefore；　or
  loss　of　some　dear　friend　on　whom　another　was　much　dependent；　is
  punished　hardly　less　severely　than　physical　delinquency。
  Foreign；　indeed；　as　such　ideas　are　to　our　own；　traces　of　somewhat
  similar　opinions　can　be　found　even　in　nineteenth…century　England。
  If　a　person　has　an　abscess；　the　medical　man　will　say　that　it
  contains　〃peccant〃　matter；　and　people　say　that　they　have　a　〃bad〃
  arm　or　finger；　or　that　they　are　very　〃bad〃　all　over；　when　they　only
  mean　〃diseased。〃　　Among　foreign　nations　Erewhonian　opinions　may　be
  still　more　clearly　noted。　　The　Mahommedans；　for　example；　to　this
  day；　send　their　female　prisoners　to　hospitals；　and　the　New　Zealand
  Maories　visit　any　misfortune　with　forcible　entry　into　the　house　of
  the　offender；　and　the　breaking　up　and　burning　of　all　his　goods。
  The　Italians；　again；　use　the　same　word　for　〃disgrace〃　and
  〃misfortune。〃　　I　once　heard　an　Italian　lady　speak　of　a　young　friend
  whom　she　described　as　endowed　with　every　virtue　under　heaven；　〃ma；〃
  she　exclaimed；　〃povero　disgraziato；　ha　ammazzato　suo　zio。〃　　（〃Poor
  unfortunate　fellow；　he　has　murdered　his　uncle。〃）
  On　mentioning　this；　which　I　heard　when　taken　to　Italy　as　a　boy　by
  my　father；　the　person　to　whom　I　told　it　showed　no　surprise。　　He
  said　that　he　had　been　driven　for　two　or　three　years　in　a　certain
  city　by　a　young　Sicilian　cabdriver　of　prepossessing　manners　and
  appearance；　but　then　lost　sight　of　him。　　On　asking　what　had　become
  of　him；　he　was　told　that　he　was　in　prison　for　having　shot　at　his
  father　with　intent　to　kill　himhappily　without　serious　result。
  Some　years　later　my　informant　again　found　himself　warmly　accosted
  by　the　prepossessing　young　cabdriver。　　〃Ah；　caro　signore；〃　he
  exclaimed；　〃sono　cinque　anni　che　non　lo　vedotre　anni　di　militare；
  e　due　anni　di　disgrazia；〃　&c。　　（〃My　dear　sir；　it　is　five　years
  since　I　saw　youthree　years　of　military　service；　and　two　of
  misfortune〃）during　which　last　the　poor　fellow　had　been　in　prison。
  Of　moral　sense　he　showed　not　so　much　as　a　trace。　　He　and　his　father
  were　now　on　excellent　terms；　and　were　likely　to　remain　so　unless
  either　of　them　should　again　have　the　misfortune　mortally　to　offend
  the　other。
  In　the　following　chapter　I　will　give　a　few　examples　of　the　way　in
  which　what　we　should　call　misfortune；　hardship；　or　disease　are
  dealt　with　by　the　Erewhonians；　but　for　the　moment　will　return　to
  their　treatment　of　cases　that　with　us　are　criminal。　　As　I　have
  already　said；　these；　though　not　judicially　punishable；　are
  recognised　as　requiring　correction。　　Accordingly；　there　exists　a
  class　of　men　trained　in　soul…craft；　whom　they　call　straighteners；
  as　nearly　as　I　can　translate　a　word　which　literally　means　〃one　who
  bends　back　the　crooked。〃　　These　men　practise　much　as　medical　men　in
  England；　and　receive　a　quasi…surreptitious　fee　on　every　visit。
  They　are　treated　with　the　same　unreserve；　and　obeyed　as　readily；　as
  our　own　doctorsthat　is　to　say；　on　the　whole　sufficientlybecause
  people　know　that　it　is　their　interest　to　get　well　as　soon　as　they
  can；　and　that　they　will　not　be　scouted　as　they　would　be　if　their
  bodies　were　out　of　order；　even　though　they　may　have　to　undergo　a
  very　painful　course　of　treatment。
  When　I　say　that　they　will　not　be　scouted；　I　do　not　mean　that　an
  Erewhonian　will　suffer　no　social　inconvenience　in　consequence；　we
  will　say；　of　having　committed　fraud。　　Friends　will　fall　away　from
  him　because　of　his　being　less　pleasant　company；　just　as　we
  ourselves　are　disinclined　to　make　companions　of　those　who　are
  either　poor　or　poorly。　　No　one　with　any　sense　of　self…respect　will
  place　himself　on　an　equality　in　the　matter　of　affection　with　those
  who　are　less　lucky　than　himself　in　birth；　health；　money；　good
  looks；　capacity；　or　anything　else。　　Indeed；　that　dislike　and　even
  disgust　should　be　felt　by　the　fortunate　for　the　unfortunate；　or　at
  any　rate　for　those　who　have　been　discovered　to　have　met　with　any　of
  the　more　serious　and　less　familiar　misfortunes；　is　not　only
  natural；　but　desirable　for　any　society；　whether　of　man　or　brute。
  The　fact；　therefore；　that　the　Erewhonians　attach　none　of　that　guilt
  to　crime　which　they　do　to　physical　ailments；　does　not　prevent　the
  more　selfish　among　them　from　neglecting　a　friend　who　has　robbed　a
  bank；　for　instance；　till　he　has　fully　recovered；　but　it　does
  prevent　them　from　even　thinking　of　treating　criminals　with　t