第 16 节
作者:精灵王      更新:2021-04-30 17:23      字数:9322
  Madagascar;   the   succulent         Cactus…like   Euphorbias   of   the   Canaries   and
  elsewhere;       the  Gale…like      Phyllanthus;      the   many…formed        Crotons;     the
  Hemp…like Maniocs;            Physic…nuts; Castor…oils; the scarlet Poinsettia;  the
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  little pink    and yellow Dalechampia; the poisonous Manchineel; and the
  gigantic     Hura; or sandbox   tree; of the West Indies; …  all so different   in
  shape     and    size;  yet   all  alike    in  their   most    peculiar    and   complex
  fructification; and in their acrid milky juice;… 〃What if all these             forms are
  the descendants of one original form?            Would that be one         whit the more
  wonderful than the theory that they were; each and                 all; with the minute;
  and    often    imaginary;    shades    of   difference     between      certain   cognate
  species among them; created separately and                at once?      But if it be so …
  which I cannot allow … what would the              theologian have to say; save that
  God's works are even more             wonderful than he always believed them to
  be?    As for the theory        being impossible … that is to be decided by men
  of science; on      strict experimental grounds。          As for us theologians; who
  are we;     that we should limit; * priori; the power of God?                'Is anything
  too    hard for the Lord?' asked the prophet of old; and we have a right                 to
  ask it as long as the world shall last。         If it be said that    'natural selection;'
  or; as Mr。 Herbert Spencer better defines it;            the 'survival of the fittest;' is
  too   simple   a   cause   to   produce   such   fantastic   variety   …   that;   again;   is   a
  question     to  be   settled   exclusively     by   men    of  science;    on  their   own
  grounds。      We;     meanwhile; always knew that God works by very simple;
  or seemingly       simple; means; that the universe; as far as we could discern
  it;   was one organization of the most simple means。                 It was wonderful …
  or should have been … in our eyes; that a shower of rain should                  make the
  grass grow; and that the grass should become flesh; and                   the flesh food
  for the thinking brain   of man。         It   was …  or ought   to    have been   …  more
  wonderful yet   to   us   that   a  child should   resemble      its   parents;  or   even   a
  butterfly    resemble;     if  not  always;    still  usually;     its  parents   likewise。
  Ought God to appear less or more             august in our eyes if we discover that
  the   means   are   even   simpler     than   we   supposed?       We   held   Him   to   be
  Almighty and All…wise。           Are we      to   reverence Him  less or   more if   we
  find Him to be so much           mightier; so much wiser; than we dreamed; that
  He   can   not   only   make    all   things;   but   …   the   very   perfection   of   creative
  power … MAKE ALL              THINGS MAKE THEMSELVES?                       We believed
  that   His   care   was    over   all  His   works;     that  His   providence      worked
  perpetually over the universe。           We were taught … some of us at least … by
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  Holy Scripture; that        without Him not a sparrow fell to the ground; and
  that the very      hairs of our head were all numbered; that the whole history
  of the     universe   was made   up; in   fact;  of an  infinite network of   special
  providences。       If; then; that should be true which a great           naturalist writes;
  'It may be metaphorically said that natural              selection is daily and hourly
  scrutinizing;   throughout   the   world;       every   variation;   even   the   slightest;
  rejecting   that   which   is   bad;   preserving   and   adding   up   all   that   is   good;
  silently    and   insensibly     working;      whenever      and   wherever     opportunity
  offers;    at  the   improvement        of  each    organic    being;   in  relation   to   its
  organic and       inorganic conditions of life;' … if this; I say; were proved to
  be    true;   ought   God's   care   and   God's   providence   to   seem   less   or   more
  magnificent   in   our   eyes?      Of   old   it   was   said   by   Him   without   whom
  nothing is made … 'My Father worketh hitherto; and I work。'                     Shall     we
  quarrel with physical science; if she gives us evidence that                  those words
  are true?〃
  And … understand it well … the grand passage I have just quoted                   need
  not be accused of substituting 〃natural selection for God。〃                    In any case
  natural selection would be only the means or law by                   which God works;
  as He does by other natural laws。             We do not       substitute gravitation for
  God; when we say that the planets are              sustained in their orbits by the law
  of   gravitation。     The   theory     about   natural   selection   may   be   untrue;   or
  imperfect; as may the         modern theories of the 〃evolution and progress〃 of
  organic   forms:        let   the   man   of   science   decide   that。  But   if   true;   the
  theories     seem    to    me   perfectly    to  agree   with;   and    may    be  perfectly
  explained by;       the simple old belief which the Bible sets before us; of a
  LIVING        GOD:       not   a   mere   past   will;   such   as   the   Koran   sets   forth;
  creating     once and for all; and then leaving the universe; to use Goethe's
  simile;   〃to   spin   round   his   finger;〃   nor   again;   an   〃all…pervading   spirit;〃
  words which are mere contradictory jargon; concealing;                   from those who
  utter them; blank Materialism:            but One who works in           all things which
  have obeyed   Him  to   will and   to do of   His good            pleasure;  keeping  His
  abysmal and self…perfect purpose; yet             altering the methods by which that
  purpose is attained; from aeon           to aeon; ay; from moment to moment; for
  ever   various;   yet   for   ever  the   same。     This   great   and   yet   most   blessed
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  paradox of the        Changeless God; who yet can say 〃It repenteth me;〃 and
  〃Behold; I       work a new thing on the earth;〃 is revealed no less by nature
  than     by   Scripture;   the   changeableness;   not   of   caprice   or   imperfection;
  but of an Infinite Maker and 〃Poietes;〃 drawing ever fresh forms                       out of
  the    inexhaustible      treasury    of   His    primaeval     Mind;     and    yet    never
  throwing away a conception to which He has once given actual                         birth in
  time    and    space;   (but   to  compare      reverently    small    things    and    great)
  lovingly     repeating     it;  re…applying     it;  producing     the   same      effects   by
  endlessly different methods; or so delicately               modifying the method that;
  as by the turn of a hair; it shall        produce endlessly diverse effects; looking
  back; as it were;   ever       and anon over   the great   work of   all the   ages; to
  retouch it; and       fill up each chasm in the scheme; which for some good
  purpose had        been left open in earlier worlds; or leaving some open (the
  forms;       for     instance;    necessary      to   connect      the   bimana      and    the
  quadrumana)         to   be   filled   up   perhaps   hereafter   when   the   world   needs
  them;   the    handiwork;   in   short;   of   a   living   and   loving   Mind;   perfect   in
  His     own   eternity;   but   stooping   to   work   in   time   and   space;   and   there
  rejoicing     Himself     in  the  work     of  His   own    hands;    and   in  His   eternal
  Sabbaths ceasing in   rest ineffable; that   He may look on that   which                   He
  hath made; and behold it is very good。
  I    speak;    of    course;    under     correction;      for   this   conclusion       is
  emphatically   matter   of   induction;   and   must   be   verified   or   modified        by
  ever…fresh facts:       but I meet with many a Christian passage in                scientific
  books; which seems to me to go; not too far; but rather                 not far enough; in
  asserting   the   God   of   the   Bible;   as   Saint   Paul    says;   〃not   to   have   left
  Himself without witness;〃 in nature itself;               t