第 4 节
作者:精灵王      更新:2021-04-30 17:22      字数:9319
  some difficulty in keeping his            footing。
  And   when   you   learn   that   this   convulsion   probably   took   plus   at   the
  bottom   of   an   ocean   hundreds   of   thousands   of   years   ago;   you   have   at
  least   a   few   thoughts   over   which   to   ruminate;   which   will   make   you   at
  once too busy to grumble; and ashamed to grumble。
  Yet;   after   all;   I   hardly   think   the   lake   was   formed   in   this   way;   and
  suspect   that   it   may   have   been   dry   for   ages   after   it   emerged   from      the
  primeval   waves;   and   Snowdonia   was   a   palm…fringed   island   in   a            tropic
  sea。    Let us look the place over more fully。
  You   see   the   lake   is   nearly   circular;   on   the   side   where   we   stand   the
  pebbly   beach   is   not   six   feet   above   the   water;   and   slopes   away      steeply
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  into the valley behind us; while before us it shelves                  gradually into the
  lake; forty yards out; as you know; there is not              ten feet water; and then a
  steep   bank;   the   edge   whereof   we   and   the      big   trout   know   well;   sinks
  suddenly   to   unknown   depths。         On   the     opposite   side;   that   flat…topped
  wall    of   rock   towers    up   shoreless     into    the  sky;   seven    hundred     feet
  perpendicular;   the      deepest    water    of   all   we  know     is   at  its  very   foot。
  Right   and   left;   two   shoulders    of   down   slope   into   the   lake。  Now   turn
  round     and   look   down     the   gorge。     Remark       that  this  pebble    bank    on
  which we stand reaches some              fifty yards downward:          you see the loose
  stones peeping out         everywhere。        We may fairly suppose that we stand
  on a dam of loose        stones; a hundred feet deep。
  But   why   loose   stones?   …   and   if   so;   what   matter?   and   what   wonder?
  There are rocks cropping out everywhere down the hill…side。
  Because if you will take up one of these stones and crack it                    across;
  you   will   see   that   it   is   not   of   the   same   stuff   as   those   said rocks。 Step
  into the next field   and see。        That rock   is the common           Snowdon slate;
  which we see everywhere。             The two shoulders of down;             right and left;
  are slate; too; you can see that at a glance。           But     the stones of the pebble
  bank   are   a   close…grained;   yellow…spotted       rock。     They  are   Syenite;   and
  (you may believe me or not; as you              will) they were once upon a time in
  the    condition     of  a  hasty     pudding      heated    to   some    800    degrees    of
  Fahrenheit;   and   in   that    condition   shoved   their   way   up   somewhere   or
  other    through     these    slates。    But    where?     whence     on   earth   did  these
  Syenite pebbles come?             Let us walk round to the cliff on the opposite
  side and see。      It is   worth while; for even if my guess be wrong; there is
  good spinning        with a brass minnow round the angles of the rocks。
  Now   see。     Between   the   cliff…foot   and   the   sloping   down   is   a   crack;
  ending in a gully; the nearer side is of slate; and the further              side; the cliff
  itself; is … why; the whole cliff is composed of             the very same stone as the
  pebble ridge。
  Now; my good friend; how did these pebbles get three hundred yards
  across the lake?       Hundreds of tons; some of them three feet long:                  who
  carried     them    across?      The     old    Cymry     were     not   likely   to   amuse
  themselves by making such a breakwater up here in No…man's…land;                         two
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  thousand   feet   above   the   sea:    but   somebody   or   something   must         have
  carried them; for stones do not fly; nor swim either。
  Shot out of a volcano?          As you seem determined to have a prodigy;
  it may as well be a sufficiently huge one。
  Well   …   these   stones   lie   altogether;   and   a   volcano   would   have   hardly
  made   so     compact   a   shot;   not   being   in   the   habit   of   using   Eley's  wire
  cartridges。     Our next hope of a solution lies in John Jones; who                 carried
  up the coracle。      Hail him; and ask him what is on the top             of that cliff 。 。 。
  So; 〃Plainshe and pogshe; and another Llyn。〃                   Very good。       Now; does
  it  not   strike  you    that  this  whole    cliff  has  a   remarkably       smooth    and
  plastered look; like a hare's run up an            earthbank?       And do you not see
  that it is polished thus only over          the lake? that as soon as the cliff abuts
  on   the   downs   right   and    left;   it   forms   pinnacles;   caves;   broken   angular
  boulders?       Syenite     usually     does   so   in  our   damp     climate;   from    the
  〃weathering〃 effect         of frost and rain:      why has it not done so over the
  lake?     On that     part something (giants perhaps) has been scrambling up
  or down on a        very large scale; and so rubbed off every corner which was
  inclined     to come away; till the solid core of the rock was bared。                   And
  may     not those mysterious giants have had a hand in carrying the stones
  across the lake? 。 。 。 Really; I am not altogether jesting。              Think      a while
  what   agent   could   possibly   have   produced   either   one   or   both      of   these
  effects?
  There   is   but   one;   and   that;   if   you   have   been   an   Alpine   traveller   …
  much more if you have been a Chamois hunter … you have seen many a
  time (whether you knew it or not) at the very same work。
  Ice?    Yes; ice; Hrymir the frost…giant; and no one else。              And if     you
  will look at the facts; you will see how ice may have done it。                  Our friend
  John Jones's report of plains and bogs and a lake above                    makes it quite
  possible that in the 〃Ice age〃 (Glacial Epoch; as                the big…word…mongers
  call it) there was above that cliff a great          neve; or snowfield; such as you
  have seen often in the Alps at the          head of each glacier。        Over the face of
  this cliff a glacier has      crawled down from that neve; polishing the face of
  the rock in its      descent:     but the snow; having no large and deep outlet;
  has   not    slid   down   in   a   sufficient   stream   to   reach   the   vale   below;   and
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  form     a glacier of the first order; and has therefore stopped short on               the
  other side of the lake; as a glacier of the second order; which                ends in an
  ice…cliff   hanging   high   up   on   the   mountain   side;   and   kept  from   further
  progress by daily melting。          If you have ever gone up          the Mer de Glace
  to the Tacul; you saw a magnificent specimen of                 this sort on your right
  hand; just opposite the Tacul; in the           Glacier de Trelaporte; which comes
  down from the Aiguille de          Charmoz。
  This    explains     our   pebble…ridge。      The     stones    which     the   glacier
  rubbed off the cliff beneath it it carried forward; slowly but                 surely; till
  they saw the light again in the face of the ice…cliff;            and dropped out of it
  under   the   melting   of   the   summer   sun;   to   form   a   huge   dam   across   the
  ravine; till; the 〃Ice age〃 past; a more         genial climate succeeded; and neve
  and   glacier   melted     away:    but    the   〃moraine〃   of   stones     did   not;  and
  remains to this day; as the        dam which keeps up the waters of the lake。
  There     is  my    explanation。      If   you    can   find   a  better;   do:    but
  remember       always    that  it  must   include    an   answer    to  …  〃How     did  the
  stones get across the lake?〃
  Now; reader; we have had no abstruse science here; no long words;
  not even a microscope or a book:             and yet we; as two plain          sportsmen;
  have   gone   back; or   been led   back by  fact   and  common           sense;  into   the
  most awful and sublime depths; into an epos of the                  destruction and re…
  creation of a former world。
  This    is  but  a  single   instance;