第 2 节
作者:双曲线      更新:2021-04-30 17:21      字数:9322
  If you would travel far in the great mountains where the trails are few
  and bad; you will need a certain unique experience and skill。                Before you
  dare venture forth without a guide; you must be able to do a number   of
  things; and to do them well。
  First and foremost of all; you must be possessed of that strange sixth
  sense   best   described   as   the   sense   of   direction。 By  it   you   always   know
  about where you are。         It is to some degree a memory for back… tracks and
  landmarks; but to a greater extent an instinct for the lay of the country; for
  relative   bearings;   by   which   you   are   able   to   make   your   way   across…lots
  back to your starting…place。        It is not an uncommon faculty; yet some lack
  it utterly。   If you are one of the latter class; do not venture; for you will
  get lost as sure as shooting; and being lost in the mountains is no joke。
  Some   men   possess   it;   others   do   not。   The   distinction   seems   to   be
  almost   arbitrary。     It   can   be   largely   developed;   but   only   in   those   with
  whom   original   endowment   of   the   faculty   makes   development   possible。
  No matter how long a direction…blind man frequents the wilderness; he is
  never sure of himself。        Nor is the lack any reflection on the intelligence。
  I once traveled in the Black Hills with a young fellow who himself frankly
  confessed   that   after   much   experiment   he had   come   to   the   conclusion he
  could not 〃find himself。〃        He asked me to keep near him; and this I did as
  well as I could; but even then; three times during the course of ten days he
  lost   himself   completely   in   the   tumultuous   upheavals   and   canons   of   that
  badly   mixed   region。      Another;   an   old   grouse…hunter;   walked   twice   in   a
  circle within the confines of a thick swamp about two miles square。                    On
  the other hand; many exhibit almost marvelous skill in striking a bee…line
  for their objective point; and can always tell you; even after an engrossing
  and wandering hunt; exactly where camp lies。               And I know nothing more
  discouraging than to look up after a long hard day to find your landmarks
  changed in appearance; your choice widened to at least five diverging and
  similar    canons;    your   pockets    empty     of  food;   and   the  chill   mountain
  twilight descending。
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  Analogous to   this is   the ability  to   follow a  dim trail。           A trail   in   the
  mountains often means merely a way through; a route picked out by some
  prospector; and followed since at long intervals by chance travelers。
  It may; moreover; mean the only way through。                    Missing it will bring
  you to ever…narrowing ledges; until at last you end at a precipice; and there
  is no room to turn your horses around for the return。                    Some of the great
  box canons   thousands  of   feet   deep are practicable by  but one   passage;
  and   that   steep   and   ingenious   in   its   utilization   of   ledges;   crevices;   little
  ravines;     and   〃hog's…backs〃;       and   when     the   only   indications     to   follow
  consist   of   the   dim   vestiges   left   by   your   last   predecessor;   perhaps   years
  before; the affair becomes one of considerable skill and experience。                       You
  must   be   able   to   pick   out   scratches   made   by   shod   hoofs   on   the   granite;
  depressions almost filled in by the subsequent fall of decayed vegetation;
  excoriations on fallen trees。          You must have the sense to know AT ONCE
  when   you   have   overrun   these   indications;   and   the   patience   to   turn   back
  immediately to your last certainty; there to pick up the next clue; even if it
  should take   you   the  rest of the  day。         In   short; it   is   absolutely  necessary
  that you be at least a persistent tracker。
  Parenthetically;       having    found    the   trail;  be  charitable。     Blaze     it;  if
  there   are   trees;   otherwise   〃monument〃   it   by   piling   rocks   on   top   of   one
  another。      Thus will      those who come after bless your unknown shade。
  Third;   you   must   know   horses。       I   do   not   mean   that   you   should   be   a
  horse…show   man;   with   a   knowledge   of   points   and   pedigrees。            But   you
  must learn exactly what they can and cannot do in the matters of carrying
  weights;   making   distance;   enduring   without   deterioration   hard   climbs   in
  high altitudes; what they can or cannot              get over in the way of bad places。
  This   last   is   not  always   a   matter   of   appearance   merely。        Some   bits   of
  trail;   seeming   impassable   to   anything   but   a   goat;   a   Western      horse   will
  negotiate easily; while others;  not            particularly terrifying in   appearance;
  offer     complications        of  abrupt    turn   or   a  single   bit   of  unstable;    leg…
  breaking footing which renders them exceedingly                    dangerous。       You must;
  moreover; be able to manage your                animals to the best advantage in such
  bad places。       Of    course you must in the beginning have been wise as to
  the selection of the horses。
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  Fourth;    you    must   know     good   horse…feed     when    you    see  it。  Your
  animals   are     depending   entirely   on    the   country;   for  of   course   you   are
  carrying no dry feed for them。          Their pasturage will present itself under a
  variety of aspects; all of which you must recognize with certainty。                  Some
  of   the   greenest;   lushest;   most   satisfying…looking   meadows   grow   nothing
  but water…grasses of large bulk but small nutrition; while apparently barren
  tracts often conceal small but strong growths of great value。                   You must
  differentiate these。
  Fifth; you must possess the ability to pare a hoof; fit a shoe cold; nail it
  in place。     A bare hoof does not last long on the granite; and you are far
  from the nearest blacksmith。          Directly in line with this; you must have the
  trick of picking up and holding a hoof without being kicked; and you must
  be able to throw and tie without injuring him any horse that declines to be
  shod in any other way。
  Last; you must of course be able to pack a horse well; and must know
  four or five of the most essential pack…〃hitches。〃
  With this personal equipment you ought to be able to get through the
  country。     It comprises the absolutely essential。
  But further; for the sake of the highest efficiency; you should add; as
  finish to your mountaineer's education; certain other items。                A knowledge
  of the habits of deer and the ability to catch trout with fair certainty are
  almost a necessity when far from the base of supplies。                 Occasionally the
  trail   goes   to  pieces   entirely:   there   you   must    know    something      of  the
  handling of an axe and pick。          Learn how to swim a horse。           You will have
  to   take   lessons   in   camp…fire   cookery。    Otherwise   employ   a   guide。       Of
  course your lungs; heart; and legs must be in good condition。
  As   to   outfit;   certain   especial   conditions   will   differentiate   your   needs
  from those of forest and canoe travel。
  You will in the changing altitudes be exposed to greater variations in
  temperature。       At   morning   you   may   travel   in   the   hot   arid   foot…hills;   at
  noon you will be in the cool shades of the big pines; towards evening you
  may     wallow     through    snowdrifts;     and   at  dark   you    may    camp    where
  morning will show you icicles hanging from the brinks of little waterfalls。
  Behind   your   saddle   you   will   want   to   carry   a   sweater;   or   better   still   a
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  buckskin waistcoat。         Your arms are never cold anyway; and the pockets
  of   such    a  waistcoat;    made    many   and    deep;    are  handy   receptacles     for
  smokables;   matches;   cartridges;   and   the   like。      For   the   night…time;   when
  the   cold   creeps   down   from   the   high   peaks;   you   should   provide   yourself
  with a suit of very heavy underwear and an extra sweater or a buckskin
  shirt。    The latter is lighter; softer; and more impervious to the wind than
  the sweater。      Here again I wish to place myself