第 22 节
作者:疯狂热线      更新:2021-03-16 00:35      字数:9322
  warp system of lateral stability。
  89
  … Page 90…
  THE MASTERY OF THE AIR
  CHAPTER XXX A Famous British Inventor
  About   the   time   that   M。   Bleriot   was   developing   his   monoplane;   and
  Santos     Dumont      was    astonishing     the   world    with   his   flying   feats   at
  Bagatelle; a young army officer was at work far away in a secluded part of
  the Scottish Highlands on the model of an aeroplane。 This young man was
  Lieutenant J。 W。 Dunne; and his name has since been on everyone's lips
  wherever       aviation    is  discussed。    Much      of  Lieutenant      Dunne's     early
  experimental work was done on the Duke of Atholl's estate; and the story
  goes that such great secrecy was observed that 〃the tenants were enrolled
  as a sort of bodyguard to prevent unauthorized persons from entering〃。 For
  some     time    the  War    Office   helped    the   inventor    with   money;     for  the
  numerous       tests  and   trials  necessary    in  almost    every    invention    before
  satisfactory results are achieved are very costly。
  Probably the inventor did not make sufficiently rapid progress with his
  novel craft; for he lost the financial help and goodwill of the Government
  for   a   time;   but   he   plodded   on;   and   at   length   his   plans   were   sufficiently
  advanced for him to carry on his work openly。 It must be borne in mind
  that at the time Dunne first took up the study of aviation no one had flown
  in Europe; and he could therefore receive but little help from the results
  achieved by other pilots and constructors。
  But in the autumn of 1913 Lieutenant Dunne's novel aeroplane was the
  talk of both Europe and America。 Innumerable trials had been made in the
  remote   flying   ground   at   Eastchurch;   Isle   of   Sheppey;   and   the   machine
  became      so   far   advanced     that   it  made    a   cross…Channel      flight   from
  Eastchurch to Paris。 It remained in France for some time; and Commander
  Felix;     of   the   French     Army;     made     many      excellent    flights    in  it。
  Unfortunately;       however;     when     flying   near   Deauville;     engine    trouble
  compelled the officer to descend; but in making a landing in a very small
  field;   not   much   larger   than   a   tennis…court;   several   struts   of   the   machine
  were damaged。 It was at once seen that the aeroplane could not possibly be
  flown   until   it   had   been   repaired   and   thoroughly   overhauled。   To   do   this
  would take several days; especially as there were no facilities for repairing
  the    craft   near   by;   and   to   prevent    anyone     from    making      a  careful
  90
  … Page 91…
  THE MASTERY OF THE AIR
  examination of the aeroplane; and so discovering the secret features which
  had   been   so   jealously   guarded;   the   machine   was   smashed   up   after   the
  engine had been removed。
  At   that   time   this   was   the   only   Dunne   aeroplane   in   existence;   but   of
  course the plans were in the possession of the inventor; and it was an easy
  task to make a second machine from the same model。 Two more machines
  were put in hand at Hendon; and a third at Eastchurch。
  On   18th   October;   1913;   the   Dunne   aeroplane   made   its   first   public
  appearance at Hendon; in the London aerodrome; piloted by Commander
  Felix。 The most striking distinction between this and other biplanes is that
  its   wings   or   planes;  instead   of   reaching   from  side   to   side   of   the   engine;
  stretch back in the form of the letter V; with the point of the V to the front。
  These wings extend so far to the rear that there is no need of a tail to the
  machine; and the elevating plane in front can also be dispensed with。
  This curious and unique design in aeroplane construction was decided
  upon by Lieutenant Dunne after a prolonged observation at close quarters
  of different birds in flight; and the inventor claims for his aeroplane that it
  is practically uncapsizable。 Perhaps; however; this is too much to claim for
  any   heavier…than…air   machine;   but   at   all   events   the   new   design   certainly
  appears to give greater stability; and it is to be hoped that by this and other
  devices the progress of aviation will not in the future be so deeply tinged
  with tragedy。
  91
  … Page 92…
  THE MASTERY OF THE AIR
  CHAPTER XXXI The Romance of a Cowboy
  Aeronaut
  In the brief but glorious history of pioneer work in aviation; so far as it
  applies to this country; there is scarcely a more romantic figure to be found
  than Colonel Cody。 It was the writer's pleasure to come into close contact
  with   Cody   during   the   early   years   of   his   experimental   work   with   man…
  lifting box…kites at the Alexandra Park; London; and never will his genial
  smile and twinkling eye be forgotten。
  Cody always seemed ready to crack a joke with anyone; and possibly
  there was no more optimistic man in the whole of Britain。 To the boys and
  girls   of   Wood   Green   he   was   a   popular   hero。   He   was   usually   clad   in   a
  〃cowboy〃 hat; red flannel shirt; and buckskin breeches; and his hair hung
  down to his shoulders。 On certain occasions he would give a 〃Wild West〃
  exhibition at the Alexandra Palace; and one of his most daring tricks with
  the gun was to shoot a cigarette from a lady's lips。 One could see that he
  was entire master of the rifle; and a trick which always brought rounds of
  applause   was   the   hitting   of   a   target   while   standing   with   his   back   to   it;
  simply by the aid of a mirror held at the butt of his rifle。
  But it is of Cody as an aviator and aeroplane constructor that we wish
  to speak。 For some reason or other he was generally the object of ridicule;
  both in the Press and among the public。 Why this should have been so is
  not quite clear; possibly his quaint attire had something to do with it; and
  unfriendly     critics  frequently     raised   a  laugh   at  his   expense    over   the
  enormous size of his machines。 So large were they that the Cody biplane
  was laughingly called the 〃Cody bus〃 or the 〃Cody Cathedral。〃
  But   in  the   end  Cody   fought     down    ridicule   and   won   fame;   for   in
  competition with some of the finest machines of the day; piloted by some
  of   our   most   expert   airmen;   he   won   the   prize   of   L5000   offered   by   the
  Government in 1912 in connection with the Army trials for aeroplanes。 In
  these trials he astonished everyone by obtaining a speed of over 70 miles
  an hour in his biplane; which weighed 2600 pounds。
  In the opening years of the present century Cody spent much time in
  92
  … Page 93…
  THE MASTERY OF THE AIR
  demonstrations with huge box…kites; and for a time this form of kite was
  highly popular   with   boys   of North   London。  In   these kites he   made   over
  two hundred flights; reaching; on some occasions; an altitude of over 2000
  feet。 At all times of the day he could have been seen on the slopes of the
  Palace Hill; hauling these strange…looking; bat…like objects backward and
  forward in the wind。 Reports of his experiments appeared in the Press; but
  Cody was generally looked upon as a 〃crank〃。 The War Office; however;
  saw  great possibilities in   the  kites   for  scouting   purposes in   time  of   war;
  and they paid Cody L5000 for his invention。
  It is a rather romantic story of how Cody came to take up experimental
  work with kites; and it is repeated as it was given by a Mohawk chief to a
  newspaper representative。
  〃On one occasion when Cody was in a Lancashire town with his Wild
  West   show;   his   son   Leon   went   into   the   street   with   a   parrot…shaped   kite。
  Leon was attired in a red shirt; cowboy trousers; and sombrero; and soon a
  crowd of youngsters in clogs was clattering after him。
  〃'If   a   boy   can   interest   a   crowd   with   a   little   kite;   why   can't   a   man
  interest   a   whole   nation?'   thought   Codyand   so   the   idea   of   man…lifting
  kites developed。〃
  In   1903   Cody   made   a   daring   but   unsuccessful   attempt   to   cross   the
  Channel in a boat drawn by two kites。 Had he succeeded he intended to
  cross the Atlantic by similar means。
  Later on; Cody turned his attention to the construction of aeroplanes;
  but   he   was   seriously   handicapped   by   lack   of   funds。   His   m