第 14 节
作者:北方网      更新:2021-02-24 22:10      字数:9322
  human speech or imagination; and awakens in one the momentary red…hot
  thought;   The   Danes   have   served   you   right;   ye   accursed!   The   so…called
  soldiers; one finds; made not the least fight anywhere; could make none;
  led   and   guided   as   they   were;   and   the   〃Generals〃   often   enough   traitors;
  always      ignorant;    and    blockheads;      were    in   the   habit;   when     expressly
  commanded          to  fight;  of   taking    physic;   and    declaring     that  nature    was
  incapable of castor…oil and battle both at once。 This ought to be explained
  a little to the modern English and their War…Secretaries; who undertake the
  conduct      of   armies。    The    undeniable      fact  is;  defeat    on   defeat   was    the
  constant   fate   of   the   English;   during   these   forty   years   not   one   battle   in
  which they were not beaten。 No gleam of victory or real resistance till the
  noble   Edmund   Ironside   (whom   it   is   always   strange   to   me   how   such   an
  Ethelred   could   produce   for   son)   made   his   appearance   and   ran   his   brief
  course; like a great and far…seen meteor; soon extinguished without result。
  No remedy for England in that base time; but yearly asking the victorious;
  plundering;   burning   and   murdering   Danes;   〃How   much   money   will   you
  take   to   go   away?〃   Thirty   thousand   pounds   in   silver;   which   the   annual
  _Danegelt_ soon   rose   to;  continued   to   be   about   the  average  yearly  sum;
  though generally on the increasing hand; in the last year I think it had risen
  to seventy…two thousand pounds in silver; raised yearly by a tax (Income…
  tax of its kind; rudely levied); the worst of all remedies; good for the day
  only。 Nay; there was one remedy still worse; which the miserable Ethelred
  once     tried:    that   of   massacring      〃all   the   Danes      settled   in   England〃
  (practically; of a few thousands or hundreds of them); by treachery and a
  kind    of   Sicilian   Vespers。   Which   issued;       as   such   things   usually   do;    in
  terrible    monition     to  you    not   to  try   the  like  again!    Issued;    namely;    in
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  redoubled   fury   on   the   Danish   part;   new   fiercer   invasion   by   Svein's   Jarl
  Thorkel; then by Svein himself; which latter drove the miserable Ethelred;
  with   wife   and   family;   into   Normandy;   to   wife's   brother;   the   then   Duke
  there;   and   ended   that   miserable   struggle   by   Svein's   becoming   King   of
  England himself。 Of this disgraceful massacre; which it would appear has
  been   immensely   exaggerated   in   the   English   books;   we   can   happily   give
  the exact date (A。D。 1002); and also of Svein's victorious accession (A。D。
  1013);'9'pretty much the only benefit one gets out of contemplating such
  a set of objects。
  King Svein's first act was to levy a terribly increased Income…Tax for
  the    payment      of  his   army。   Svein     was   levying     it  with   a  stronghanded
  diligence;   but   had   not   yet   done   levying   it;   when;   at   Gainsborough   one
  night; he suddenly died; smitten dead; once used to be said; by St。 Edmund;
  whilom murdered King of the East Angles; who could not bear to see his
  shrine and monastery of St。 Edmundsbury plundered by the Tyrant's tax…
  collectors;   as   they   were   on   the   point   of   being。   In   all   ways   impossible;
  however;Edmund's own death did not occur till two years after Svein's。
  Svein's death; by whatever cause; befell 1014; his fleet; then lying in the
  Humber;   and   only   Knut;'10'   his   eldest   son   (hardly   yet   eighteen;   count
  some); in charge of it; who; on short counsel; and arrangement about this
  questionable   kingdom   of   his;   lifted   anchor;   made   for   Sandwich;   a   safer
  station   at   the   moment;   〃cut   off   the   feet   and   noses〃   (one   shudders;   and
  hopes     not;   there   being    some     discrepancy      about    it!)  of  his   numerous
  hostages   that   had   been   delivered   to   King   Svein;   set   them   ashore;and
  made      for   Denmark;       his   natural     storehouse      and    stronghold;     as   the
  hopefulest first thing he could do。
  Knut   soon   returned   from   Denmark;   with   increase   of   force   sufficient
  for the English problem;   which latter he now  ended in a victorious;  and
  essentially; for himself and chaotic England; beneficent manner。 Became
  widely known by and by; there and elsewhere; as Knut the Great; and is
  thought   by   judges   of   our   day   to   have   really   merited   that   title。   A   most
  nimble;     sharp…striking;      clear…thinking;     prudent     and   effective    man;    who
  regulated this dismembered and distracted England in its Church matters;
  in   its   State  matters;   like   a   real   King。  Had   a   Standing   Army   (_House
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  Carles_);   who   were   well   paid;   well   drilled   and   disciplined;   capable   of
  instantly   quenching   insurrection   or   breakage   of   the   peace;   and   piously
  endeavored   (with   a   signal   earnestness;   and   even   devoutness;   if   we   look
  well)   to   do   justice   to   all   men;   and   to   make   all   men   rest   satisfied   with
  justice。 In a word; he successfully strapped up; by every true method and
  regulation;   this   miserable;   dislocated;   and   dissevered   mass   of   bleeding
  Anarchy into something worthy to be called an England again;only that
  he   died    too   soon;   and    a   second   〃Conqueror〃         of   us;  still   weightier   of
  structure; and under improved auspices; became possible; and was needed
  here! To appearance; Knut himself was capable of being a Charlemagne of
  England and the North (as has been already said or quoted); had he only
  lived   twice   as   long   as   he did。   But   his   whole sum  of   years   seems   not   to
  have exceeded forty。 His father Svein of the Forkbeard is reckoned to have
  been   fifty   to   sixty   when   St。   Edmund   finished   him   at   Gainsborough。  We
  now   return   to   Norway;   ashamed   of   this   long   circuit   which   has   been   a
  truancy more or less。
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  CHAPTER IX。
  KING OLAF THE THICK…SET'S VIKING DAYS;
  King   Harald   Graenske;   who;   with   another   from   Russia   accidentally
  lodging     beside    him;   got   burned    to  death    in  Sweden;     courting    that
  unspeakable Sigrid the Proud;was third cousin or so to Tryggve; father of
  our   heroic   Olaf。   Accurately   counted;   he   is   great…grandson   of   Bjorn   the
  Chapman; first of Haarfagr's sons whom Eric Bloodaxe made away with。
  His little 〃kingdom;〃 as he called it; was a district named the Greenland
  (_Graeneland_); he himself was one of those little Haarfagr kinglets whom
  Hakon Jarl; much more Olaf Tryggveson; was content to leave reigning;
  since they would keep the peace with him。 Harald had a loving wife of his
  own; Aasta the name of her; soon expecting the birth of her and his pretty
  babe;    named     Olaf;at   the  time   he   went   on   that  deplorable     Swedish
  adventure;      the  foolish;   fated   creature;   and    ended    self  and   kingdom
  altogether。 Aasta was greatly shocked; composed herself however; married
  a   new   husband;   Sigurd   Syr;   a   kinglet;   and   a   great…grandson   of   Harald
  Fairhair; a man of great wealth; prudence; and influence in those countries;
  in   whose    house;   as  favorite   and   well…beloved     stepson;   little  Olaf  was
  wholesomely and skilfully brought up。 In Sigurd's house he had; withal; a
  special    tutor  entertained    for  him;   one   Rane;   known     as  Rane    the  Far…
  travelled; by whom he could be trained; from the earliest basis; in Norse
  accomplishments and arts。 New children came; one or two; but Olaf; from
  his mother; seems always to have known that he was the distinguished and
  royal article there。 One day his Foster…father; hurrying to leave home on
  business; hastily bade Olaf;  no other being by;  saddle his horse for   him。
  Olaf   went   out   with   the   saddle;   chose   the  biggest   he…goat   about;   saddled
  that; and brought it to the door by way of horse。 Old Sigurd; a most grave
  man; grinned sardonically at the sight。 〃Hah; I see thou hast no mind to
  take commands from me; thou art of too high a humor to take commands。〃
  To