triumphal　memorials　and　trophies；　she　was　no　pleasant　or　delightful
  spectacle　for　the　eyes　of　peaceful　or　refined　spectators；　but；　as
  Epaminondas　named　the　fields　of　Boeotia　the　stage　of　Mars；　and
  Xenophon　called　Ephesus　the　workhouse　of　war；　so；　in　my　judgment；
  may　you　call　Rome；　at　that　time　（to　use　the　words　of　Pindar）；　〃the
  precinct　of　the　peaceless　Mars。〃　Whence　Marcellus　was　more　popular
  with　the　people　in　general；　because　he　had　adorned　the　city　with
  beautiful　objects　that　had　all　the　charms　of　Grecian　grace　and
  symmetry；　but　Fabius　Maximus；　who　neither　touched　nor　brought　away
  anything　of　this　kind　from　Tarentum；　when　he　had　taken　it；　was　more
  approved　of　by　the　elder　men。　He　carried　off　the　money　and
  valuables；　but　forbade　the　statues　to　be　moved；　adding；　as　it　is
  commonly　related；　〃Let　us　leave　to　the　Tarentines　these　offended
  gods。〃　They　blamed　Marcellus；　first　for　placing　the　city　in　an
  invidious　position；　as　it　seemed　now　to　celebrate　victories　and　lead
  processions　of　triumph；　not　only　over　men；　but　also　over　the　gods　as
  captives；　then；　that　he　had　diverted　to　idleness；　and　vain　talk
  about　curious　arts　and　artificers；　the　common　people；　which；　bred　up
  in　wars　and　agriculture；　had　never　tasted　of　luxury　and　sloth；　and；　as
  Euripides　said　of　Hercules；　had　been…
  〃Rude；　unrefined；　only　for　great　things　good；〃
  so　that　now　they　misspent　much　of　their　time　in　examining　and
  criticizing　trifles。　And　yet；　notwithstanding　this　reprimand；
  Marcellus　made　it　his　glory　to　the　Greeks　themselves；　that　he　had
  taught　his　ignorant　countrymen　to　esteem　and　admire　the　elegant　and
  wonderful　productions　of　Greece。
  But　when　the　envious　opposed　his　being　brought　triumphant　into　the
  city；　because　there　were　some　relics　of　the　war　in　Sicily；　and　a　third
  triumph　would　be　looked　upon　with　jealousy；　he　gave　way。　He
  triumphed　upon　the　Alban　mount；　and　thence　entered　the　city　in
  ovation；　as　it　is　called　in　Latin；　in　Greek　eua；　but　in　this　ovation
  he　was　neither　carried　in　a　chariot；　nor　crowned　with　laurel；　nor
  ushered　by　trumpets　sounding；　but　went　afoot　with　shoes　on；　many
  flutes　or　pipes　sounding　in　concert；　while　he　passed　along；　wearing
  a　garland　of　myrtle；　in　a　peaceable　aspect；　exciting　rather　love　and
  respect　than　fear。　Whence　I　am；　by　conjecture；　led　to　think　that；
  originally；　the　difference　observed　betwixt　ovation　and　triumph　did
  not　depend　upon　the　greatness　of　the　achievements；　but　the　manner　of
  performing　them。　For　they　who；　having　fought　a　set　battle；　and　slain
  the　enemy；　returned　victors；　led　that　martial；　terrible　triumph；
  and；　as　the　ordinary　custom　then　was　in　lustrating　the　army；　adorned
  the　arms　and　the　soldiers　with　a　great　deal　of　laurel。　But　they　who
  without　force；　by　colloquy；　persuasion；　and　reasoning；　had　done　the
  business；　to　these　captains　custom　gave　the　honour　of　the　unmilitary
  and　festive　ovation。　For　the　pipe　is　the　badge　of　peace；　and　myrtle
  the　plant　of　Venus；　who　more　than　the　rest　of　the　gods　and　goddesses
  abhors　force　and　war。　It　is　called　ovation；　not　as　most　think；　from
  the　Greek　euasmus；　because　they　act　it　with　shouting　and　cries　of　Eua：
  for　so　do　they　also　the　proper　triumphs。　The　Greeks　have　wrested　the
  word　to　their　own　language；　thinking　that　this　honour；　also；　must　have
  some　connection　with　Bacchus；　who　in　Greek　has　the　titles　of　Euius　and
  Thriambus。　But　the　thing　is　otherwise。　For　it　was　the　custom　for
  commanders；　in　their　triumph；　to　immolate　an　ox；　but　in　their　ovation；
  a　sheep：　hence　they　named　it　Ovation；　from　the　Latin　ovis。　It　is　worth
  observing；　how　exactly　opposite　the　sacrifices　appointed　by　the
  Spartan　legislator　are　to　those　of　the　Romans。　For　at　Lacedaemon；　a
  captain；　who　had　performed　the　work　he　had　undertook　by　cunning；　or
  courteous　treaty；　on　laying　down　his　command；　immolated　an　ox；　he　that
  did　the　business　by　battle；　offered　a　cock；　the　Lacedaemonians；　though
  most　warlike；　thinking　exploit　performed　by　reason　and　wisdom　to　be
  more　excellent　and　more　congruous　to　man；　than　one　effected　by　mere
  force　and　courage。　Which　of　the　two　is　to　be　preferred　I　leave　to
  the　determination　of　others。
  Marcellus　being　the　fourth　time　consul；　his　enemies　suborned　the
  Syracusans　to　come　to　Rome　to　accuse　him；　and　to　complain　that　they
  had　suffered　indignities　and　wrongs；　contrary　to　the　conditions
  granted　them。　It　happened　that　Marcellus　was　in　the　capitol　offering
  sacrifice　when　the　Syracusans　petitioned　the　senate；　yet　sitting；　that
  they　might　have　leave　to　accuse　him　and　present　their　grievances。
  Marcellus's　colleague；　eager　to　protect　him　in　his　absence；　put　them
  out　of　the　court。　But　Marcellus　himself　came　as　soon　as　he　heard　of
  it。　And　first；　in　his　curule　chair　as　consul；　he　referred　to　the
  senate　the　cognizance　of　other　matters：　but　when　these　were
  transacted；　rising　from　his　seat；　he　passed　as　a　private　man　into
  the　place　where　the　accused　were　wont　to　make　their　defence；　and
  gave　free　liberty　to　the　Syracusans　to　impeach　him。　But　they；　struck
  with　consternation　by　his　majesty　and　confidence；　stood　astonished；
  and　the　power　of　his　presence　now；　in　his　robe　of　state；　appeared
  far　more　terrible　and　severe　than　it　had　done　when　he　was　arrayed　in
  armour。　Yet；　reanimated　at　length　by　Marcellus's　rivals；　they　began
  their　impeachment；　and　made　an　oration　in　which　pleas　of　justice
  mingled　with　lamentation　and　complaint；　the　sum　of　which　was；　that
  being　allies　and　friends　of　the　people　of　Rome；　they　had；
  notwithstanding；　suffered　things　which　other　commanders　had
  abstained　from　inflicting　upon　enemies。　To　this　Marcellus　answered
  that　they　had　committed　many　acts　of　hostility　against　the　people　of
  Rome；　and　had　suffered　nothing　but　what　enemies　conquered　and　captured
  in　war　cannot　possibly　be　protected　from　suffering：　that　it　was
  their　own　fault　they　had　been　made　captives；　because　they　refused　to
  give　ear　to　his　frequent　attempts　to　persuade　them　by　gentle　means：
  neither　were　they　forced　into　war　by　the　power　of　tyrants；　but　had
  rather　chosen　the　tyrants　themselves　for　the　express　object　that
  they　might　make　war。　The　orations　ended；　and　the　Syracusans；　according
  to　the　custom；　having　retired；　Marcellus　left　his　colleague　to　ask　the
  sentences；　and；　withdrawing　with　the　Syracusans；　stayed　expecting　at
  the　doors　of　the　senate…house；　not　in　the　least　discomposed　in　spirit；
  either　with　alarm　at　the　accusation；　or　by　anger　against　the
  Syracusans；　but　with　perfect　calmness　and　serenity　attending　the　issue
  of　the　cause。　The　sentences　at　length　being　all　asked；　and　a　decree　of
  the　senate　made　in　vindication　of　Marcellus；　the　Syracusans；　with
  tears　flowing　from　their　eyes；　cast　themselves　at　his　knees；
  beseeching　him　to　forgive　themselves　there　present；　and　to　be　moved　by
  the　misery　of　the　rest　of　their　city；　which　would　ever　be　mindful
  of；　and　grateful　for；　his　benefits。　Thus　Marcellus；　softened　by
  their　tears　and　distress；　was　not　only　reconciled　to　the　deputies；　but
  ever　afterwards　continued　to　find　opportunity　of　doing　kindness　to　the
  Syracusans。　The　liberty　which　he　had　restored　to　them；　and　their
  rights；　laws；　and　goods　that　were　left；　the　senate　confirmed。　Upon
  which　account　the　Syracusans；　besides　other　signal　honours；　made　a
  law；　that　if　Marcellus　should　at　any　time　come　into　Sicily；　or　any
  of　his　posterity；　the　Syracusans　should　wear　garlands　and　offer　public
  sacrifice　to　the　gods。
  After　this　he　moved　against　Hannibal。　And　whereas　the　other
  consuls　and　commanders；　since　the　defeat　received　at　Cannae；　had　all
  made　use　of　the　same　policy　against　Hannibal；　namely；　to　decline
  coming　to　a　battle　with　him；　and　none　had　had　the　courage　to　encounter
  him　in　the　field　and　put　themselves　to　the　decision　by　the　sword；
  Marcellus　entered　upon　the　opposite　course；　thinking　that　Italy
  would　be　destroyed　by　the　very　delay　by　which　they　looked　to　wear
  out　Hannibal；　and　that　Fabius；　who；　adhering　to　his　cautious　policy；
  waited　to　see　the　war　extinguished；　while　Rome　itself　meantime
  wasted　away　（like　timid　physicians；　who；　dreading　to　administer
  remedies；　stay　waiting；　and　believe　that　what　is　the　decay　of　the
  patient's　strength　is　the　decline　of　the　disease）；　was　not　taking　a
  right　course　to　heal　the　sickness　of　his　country。　And　first；　the　great
  cities　of　the　Samnites；　which　had　revolted；　came　into　his　power；　in
  which　he　found　a　large　quantity　of　corn　and　money；　and　three
  thousand　of　Hannibal's　soldiers；　that　were　left　for　the　defence。　After
  this；　the　proconsul　Cnaeus　Fulvius　with　eleven　tribunes　of　the
  soldiers　being　slain　in　Apulia；　and　the　greatest　part　of　the　army　also
  at　the　same　time　cut　off；　he　despatched　letters　to　Rome；　and　bade
  the　people　be　of　good　courage；　for　that　he　was　now　upon　the　march
  against　Hannibal；　to　turn　his　triumph　into　sadness。　On　these　letters
  being　read；　Livy　writes　that　the　people　were　not　only　not
  encouraged；　but　more　discouraged　than　before。　For　danger；　they
  thought；　was　but　the　greater　in　proportion　as　Marcellus　was　of　more
  value　than　Fulvius。　He；　as　he　had　written；　advancing　into　the
  territories　of　the　Lucanians；　came　up　to　him　at　Numistro；　and；　the
  enemy　keeping　himself　upon　the　hills；　pitched　his　camp　in　a　level
  plain；　and　the　next　day　drew　f