his　love　and　delight　in　science。　His　discoveries　were　numerous　and
  admirable；　but　he　is　said　to　have　requested　his　friends　and
  relations　that；　when　he　was　dead；　they　would　place　over　his　tomb　a
  sphere　containing　a　cylinder；　inscribing　it　with　the　ratio　which　the
  containing　solid　bears　to　the　contained。
  Such　was　Archimedes；　who　now　showed　himself；　and　so　far　as　lay　in
  him　the　city　also；　invincible。　While　the　siege　continued；　Marcellus
  took　Megara；　one　of　the　earliest　founded　of　the　Greek　cities　in
  Sicily；　and　capturing　also　the　camp　of　Hippocrates　at　Acilae；　killed
  above　eight　thousand　men；　having　attacked　them　whilst　they　were
  engaged　in　forming　their　fortifications。　He　overran　a　great　part　of
  Sicily；　gained　over　many　towns　from　the　Carthaginians；　and　overcame
  all　that　dared　to　encounter　him。　As　the　siege　went　on；　one　Damippus；　a
  Lacedaemonian；　putting　to　sea　in　a　ship　from　Syracuse；　was　taken。　When
  the　Syracusans　much　desired　to　redeem　this　man；　and　there　were　many
  meetings　and　treaties　about　the　matter　betwixt　them　and　Marcellus；
  he　had　opportunity　to　notice　a　tower　into　which　a　body　of　men　might　be
  secretly　introduced；　as　the　wall　near　to　it　was　not　difficult　to
  surmount；　and　it　was　itself　carelessly　guarded。　Coming　often
  thither；　and　entertaining　conferences　about　the　release　of　Damippus；
  he　had　pretty　well　calculated　the　height　of　the　tower；　and　got　ladders
  prepared。　The　Syracusans　celebrated　a　feast　to　Diana；　this　juncture　of
  time；　when　they　were　given　up　entirely　to　wine　and　sport；　Marcellus
  laid　hold　of；　and　before　the　citizens　perceived　it；　not　only　possessed
  himself　of　the　tower；　but；　before　the　break　of　day；　filled　the　wall
  around　with　soldiers；　and　made　his　way　into　the　Hexapylum。　The
  Syracusans　now　beginning　to　stir；　and　to　be　alarmed　at　the　tumult；
  he　ordered　the　trumpets　everywhere　to　sound；　and　thus　frightened
  them　all　into　flight；　as　if　all　parts　of　the　city　were　already　won；
  though　the　most　fortified；　and　the　fairest；　and　most　ample　quarter　was
  still　ungained。　It　is　called　Acradina；　and　was　divided　by　a　wall
  from　the　outer　city；　one　part　of　which　they　call　Neapolis；　the　other
  Tycha。　Possessing　himself　of　these；　Marcellus；　about　break　of　day；
  entered　through　the　Hexapylum；　all　his　officers　congratulating　him。
  But　looking　down　from　the　higher　places　upon　the　beautiful　and
  spacious　city　below；　he　is　said　to　have　wept　much；　commiserating　the
  calamity　that　hung　over　it；　when　his　thoughts　represented　to　him　how
  dismal　and　foul　the　face　of　the　city　would　be　in　a　few　hours；　when
  plundered　and　sacked　by　the　soldiers。　For　among　the　officers　of　his
  army　there　was　not　one　man　that　durst　deny　the　plunder　of　the　city
  to　the　soldiers'　demands；　nay；　many　were　instant　that　it　should　be　set
  on　fire　and　laid　level　to　the　ground：　but　this　Marcellus　would　not
  listen　to。　Yet　he　granted；　but　with　great　unwillingness　and
  reluctance；　that　the　money　and　slaves　should　be　made　prey；　giving
  orders；　at　the　same　time；　that　none　should　violate　any　free　person；
  nor　kill；　misuse；　or　make　a　slave　of　any　of　the　Syracusans。　Though
  he　had　used　this　moderation；　he　still　esteemed　the　condition　of　that
  city　to　be　pitiable；　and；　even　amidst　the　congratulations　and　joy；
  showed　his　strong　feelings　of　sympathy　and　commiseration　at　seeing　all
  the　riches　accumulated　during　a　long　felicity　now　dissipated　in　an
  hour。　For　it　is　related　that　no　less　prey　and　plunder　was　taken　here
  than　afterward　in　Carthage。　For　not　long　after　they　obtained　also
  the　plunder　of　the　other　parts　of　the　city；　which　were　taken　by
  treachery；　leaving　nothing　untouched　but　the　king's　money；　which　was
  brought　into　the　public　treasury。　But　nothing　afflicted　Marcellus　so
  much　as　the　death　of　Archimedes；　who　was　then；　as　fate　would　have
  it；　intent　upon　working　out　some　problem　by　a　diagram；　and　having
  fixed　his　mind　alike　and　his　eyes　upon　the　subject　of　his　speculation；
  he　never　noticed　the　incursion　of　the　Romans；　nor　that　the　city　was
  taken。　In　this　transport　of　study　and　contemplation；　a　soldier；
  unexpectedly　coming　up　to　him；　commanded　him　to　follow　to　Marcellus；
  which　he　declining　to　do　before　he　had　worked　out　his　problem　to　a
  demonstration；　the　soldier；　enraged；　drew　his　sword　and　ran　him
  through。　Others　write　that　a　Roman　soldier；　running　upon　him　with　a
  drawn　sword；　offered　to　kill　him；　and　that　Archimedes；　looking　back；
  earnestly　besought　him　to　hold　his　hand　a　little　while；　that　he
  might　not　leave　what　he　was　then　at　work　upon　inconclusive　and
  imperfect；　but　the　soldier；　nothing　moved　by　his　entreaty；　instantly
  killed　him。　Others　again　relate　that；　as　Archimedes　was　carrying　to
  Marcellus　mathematical　instruments；　dials；　spheres；　and　angles；　by
  which　the　magnitude　of　the　sun　might　be　measured　to　the　sight；　some
  soldiers　seeing　him；　and　thinking　that　he　carried　gold　in　a　vessel；
  slew　him。　Certain　it　is　that　his　death　was　very　afflicting　to
  Marcellus；　and　that　Marcellus　ever　after　regarded　him　that　killed
  him　as　a　murderer；　and　that　he　sought　for　his　kindred　and　honoured
  them　with　signal　favours。
  Indeed；　foreign　nations　had　held　the　Romans　to　be　excellent　soldiers
  and　formidable　in　battle；　but　they　had　hitherto　given　no　memorable
  example　of　gentleness；　or　humanity；　or　civil　virtue；　and　Marcellus
  seems　first　to　have　shown　to　the　Greeks　that　his　countrymen　were
  most　illustrious　for　their　justice。　For　such　was　his　moderation　to　all
  with　whom　he　had　anything　to　do；　and　such　his　benignity　also　to　many
  cities　and　private　men；　that；　if　anything　hard　or　severe　was　decreed
  concerning　the　people　of　Enna；　Megara；　or　Syracuse；　the　blame　was
  thought　to　belong　rather　to　those　upon　whom　the　storm　fell；　than　to
  those　who　brought　it　upon　them。　One　example　of　many　I　will
  commemorate。　In　Sicily　there　is　a　town　called　Engyum；　not　indeed
  great；　but　very　ancient　and　ennobled　by　the　presence　of　the　goddesses；
  called　the　Mothers。　The　temple；　they　say；　was　built　by　the　Cretans；
  and　they　show　some　spears　and　brazen　helmets；　inscribed　with　the　names
  of　Meriones；　and　（with　the　same　spelling　as　in　Latin）　of　Ulysses；
  who　consecrated　them　to　the　goddesses。　This　city　highly　favouring
  the　party　of　the　Carthaginians；　Nicias；　the　most　eminent　of　the
  citizens；　counselled　them　to　go　over　to　the　Romans；　to　that　end　acting
  freely　and　openly　in　harangues　to　their　assemblies；　arguing　the
  imprudence　and　madness　of　the　opposite　course。　They；　fearing　his　power
  and　authority；　resolved　to　deliver　him　in　bonds　to　the
  Carthaginians。　Nicias；　detecting　the　design；　and　seeing　that　his
  person　was　secretly　kept　in　watch；　proceeded　to　speak　irreligiously　to
  the　vulgar　of　the　Mothers；　and　showed　many　signs　of　disrespect；　as
  if　he　denied　and　contemned　the　received　opinion　of　the　presence　of
  those　goddesses；　his　enemies　the　while　rejoicing　that　he；　of　his　own
  accord；　sought　the　destruction　hanging　over　his　head。　When　they　were
  just　now　about　to　lay　hands　upon　him；　an　assembly　was　held；　and　here
  Nicias；　making　a　speech　to　the　people　concerning　some　affair　then
  under　deliberation；　in　the　midst　of　his　address；　cast　himself　upon　the
  ground；　and　soon　after；　while　amazement　（as　usually　happens　on　such
  surprising　occasions）　held　the　assembly　immovable；　raising　and　turning
  his　head　round；　he　began　in　a　trembling　and　deep　tone；　but　by
  degrees　raised　and　sharpened　his　voice。　When　he　saw　the　whole
  theatre　struck　with　horror　and　silence；　throwing　off　his　mantle　and
  rending　his　tunic　he　leaps　up　half　naked；　and　runs　towards　the　door；
  crying　out　aloud　that　he　was　driven　by　the　wrath　of　the　Mothers。
  When　no　man　durst；　out　of　religious　fear；　lay　hands　upon　him　or　stop
  him；　but　all　gave　way　before　him；　he　ran　out　of　the　gate；　not　omitting
  any　shriek　or　gesture　of　men　possessed　and　mad。　His　wife；　conscious　of
  his　counterfeiting；　and　privy　to　his　design；　taking　her　children
  with　her；　first　cast　herself　as　a　suppliant　before　the　temple　of　the
  goddesses；　then；　pretending　to　seek　her　wandering　husband；　no　man
  hindering　her；　went　out　of　the　town　in　safety；　and　by　this　means
  they　all　escaped　to　Marcellus　at　Syracuse。　After　many　other　such
  affronts　offered　him　by　the　men　of　Engyum；　Marcellus；　having　taken
  them　all　prisoners　and　cast　them　into　bonds；　was　preparing　to
  inflict　upon　them　the　last　punishment；　when　Nicias；　with　tears　in
  his　eyes；　addressed　himself　to　him。　In　fine；　casting　himself　at
  Marcellus's　feet；　and　deprecating　for　his　citizens；　he　begged　most
  earnestly　their　lives；　chiefly　those　of　his　enemies。　Marcellus；
  relenting；　set　them　all　at　liberty；　and　rewarded　Nicias　with　ample
  lands　and　rich　presents。　This　history　is　recorded　by　Posidonius　the
  philosopher。
  Marcellus；　at　length　recalled　by　the　people　of　Rome　to　the　immediate
  war　at　home；　to　illustrate　his　triumph；　and　adorn　the　city；　carried
  away　with　him　a　great　number　of　the　most　beautiful　ornaments　of
  Syracuse。　For；　before　that；　Rome　neither　had；　nor　had　seen；　any　of
  those　fine　and　exquisite　rarities；　nor　was　any　pleasure　taken　in
  graceful　and　elegant　pieces　of　workmanship。　Stuffed　with　barbarous
  arms　and　spoils　stained　with　blood；　and　everywhere　crowned　with
  triumphal　memorials　and　trophies；　she　was　no　pleasant　or　delightful
  spectacle　for　the　eyes　of　peaceful　or　ref