第 52 节
作者:嘟嘟      更新:2021-02-20 05:57      字数:9322
  very    remarkable      and   famous    old   gentleman;     who    is  a  great  adept    at
  digging; and at landscape gardening likewise; and he has dug out a path
  for himself through the chalk; which we shall take the liberty of using also。
  And his name; if you wish to know it; is Father Thames。
  I see him。     What a great river!
  Yes。    Here he comes; gleaming and winding down from Oxford; over
  the lowlands; past Wallingford; but where he is going to it is not so easy to
  see。
  Ah; here is chalk in the cutting at last。         And what a high bridge。 And
  the river far under our feet。       Why we are crossing him again!
  Yes;    he  winds    more    sharply   than   a  railroad   can。   But    is  not  this
  prettier than a tunnel?
  Oh;   what   hanging…woods;   and   churches;   and   such   great   houses;   and
  pretty cottages and gardensall in this narrow crack of a valley!
  Ay。    Old Father Thames is a good landscape gardener; as I said。 There
  is Basildonand Hurleyand Pangbourne; with its roaring lasher。                   Father
  Thames   has   had to   work   hard   for   many  an   age   before   he   could   cut   this
  trench   right   through   the   chalk;   and   drain   the   water   out   of   the   flat   vale
  behind us。      But I suspect the sea helped him somewhat; or perhaps a great
  deal; just where we are now。
  The sea?
  Yes。    The sea was onceand that not so very long agoright up here;
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  beyond Reading。         This is the uppermost end of the great Thames valley;
  which must have been an estuarya tide flat; like the mouth of the Severn;
  with the sea eating along at the foot of all the hills。          And if the land sunk
  only   some   fifty   feet;which   is   a   very   little   indeed;   child;   in   this   huge;
  ever…changing world;then the tide would come up to Reading again; and
  the greater part of London and the county of Middlesex be drowned in salt
  water。
  How dreadful that would be!
  Dreadful indeed。       God grant that it may never happen。           More terrible
  changes of land and water have happened; and are happening still in the
  world:     but   none;   I   think;   could   happen   which   would   destroy   so   much
  civilisation   and   be   such   a   loss   to   mankind;   as   that   the   Thames   valley
  should   become   again   what   it   was;  geologically   speaking;   only   the   other
  day; when these gravel banks; over which we are running to Reading; were
  being washed out of the chalk cliffs up above at every tide; and rolled on a
  beach; as you have seen them rolling still at Ramsgate。
  Now here we are at Reading。          There is the carriage waiting; and away
  we are off home; and when we get home; and have seen everybody and
  everything; we will look over our section once more。
  But remember; that when you ran through the chalk hills to Reading;
  you passed from the bottom of the chalk to the top of it; on to the Thames
  gravels; which lie there on the chalk; and on to the London clay; which lies
  on the chalk also; with the Thames gravels always over it。                 So that; you
  see; the newest layers; the London clay and the gravels; are lower in height
  than the limestone cliffs at Bristol; and much lower than the old mountain
  ranges of Devonshire and Wales; though in geological order they are far
  higher; and there are whole worlds of strata; rocks and clays; one on the
  other; between the Thames gravels and the Devonshire hills。
  But how about our moors?            They are newer still; you said; than the
  London clay; because they lie upon it:           and yet they are much higher than
  we are here at Reading。
  Very well said:      so they are; two or three hundred feet higher。 But our
  part of them was left behind; standing up in banks; while the valley of the
  Thames was being cut out by the sea。              Once they spread all over where
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  we   stand   now;   and   away   behind   us   beyond   Newbury   in   Berkshire;   and
  away in front of us; all over where London now stands。
  How can you tell that?
  Because there are little capslittle patchesof them left on the tops of
  many hills to the north of London; just remnants which the sea; and the
  Thames; and the rain have not eaten down。               Probably they once stretched
  right out to sea; sloping slowly under the waves; where the mouth of the
  Thames is now。        You know the sand… cliffs at Bournemouth?
  Of course。
  Then those are of the same age as the Bagshot sands; and lie on the
  London clay; and slope down off the New Forest into the sea; which eats
  them up; as you know; year by year and day by day。                And here were once
  perhaps cliffs just like them; where London Bridge now stands。
  * * *
  There; we are rumbling away home at last; over the dear old heather…
  moors。     How far we have travelledin our fancy at least since we began
  to talk about all these things; upon the foggy November day; and first saw
  Madam       How    digging    at  the   sand…banks     with   her  water…spade。      How
  many countries we have talked of; and what wonderful questions we have
  got   answered;   which   all   grew   out   of   the   first   question;   How   were   the
  heather…moors made?          And yet we have not talked about a hundredth part
  of   the   things   about   which    these   very   heather…moors      ought    to  set  us
  thinking。     But so it is; child。     Those who wish honestly to learn the laws
  of Madam  How; which   we call   Nature;  by looking honestly at   what she
  does;   which   we   call   Fact;   have   only   to   begin   by   looking   at   the   very
  smallest thing; pin's head or pebble; at their feet; and it may lead them
  whither; they cannot tell。       To answer any one question; you find you must
  answer another; and to answer that   you must   answer a third;   and then   a
  fourth; and so on for ever and ever。
  For ever and ever?
  Of    course。   If   we   thought    and   searched     over   the  Universeay;     I
  believe;    only   over   this  one    little  planet  called   earthfor   millions    on
  millions   of   years;   we   should   not   get   to   the   end   of   our   searching。 The
  more   we   learnt;   the   more   we   should   find   there   was   left   to   learn。 All
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  things;    we    should    find;   are   constituted    according     to  a   Divine    and
  Wonderful Order; which links each thing to every other thing; so that we
  cannot fully comprehend any one thing without comprehending all things:
  and who can do that; save He who made all things?                    Therefore our true
  wisdom      is  never    to  fancy   that   we   do   comprehend:       never     to  make
  systems and theories of the Universe (as they are called) as if we had stood
  by and looked on when time and space began to be; but to remember that
  those   who   say   they   understand;   show;   simply   by   so   saying;   that   they
  understand nothing at all; that those who say they see; are sure to be blind;
  while   those   who   confess   that   they   are   blind;   are   sure   some   day   to   see。
  All   we   can   do   is;   to   keep   up   the   childlike   heart;   humble   and   teachable;
  though we grew as wise as Newton or as Humboldt; and to follow; as good
  Socrates bids us; Reason whithersoever it leads us; sure that it will never
  lead us wrong; unless we have darkened it by hasty and conceited fancies
  of our own; and so have become like those foolish men of old; of whom it
  was said that the very light within them was darkness。               But if we love and
  reverence   and   trust   Fact   and   Nature;   which   are   the   will;   not   merely   of
  Madam How; or even of Lady Why; but of Almighty God Himself; then
  we shall be really loving; and reverencing; and trusting God; and we shall
  have    our   reward    by   discovering     continually    fresh   wonders     and   fresh
  benefits to man; and find it as true of science; as it is of this life and of the
  life to come… …that eye hath not seen; nor ear heard; nor hath it entered into
  the heart of man to conceive; what God has prepared for those who love
  Him。
  Footnotes:
  {1}     I   could    not   resist  the   temptation     of  quoting    this   splendid
  generalisation   from   Dr。   Carpenter's   Preliminary   Report   of   the   Dredging
  Operations of H