第 32 节
作者:嘟嘟      更新:2021-02-20 05:57      字数:9322
  leave  the   young ones   to guess   out   the  way  for  themselves:            if   you   told
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  MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY
  them   that;   then   they   would   have   a   right   to   say;   〃Do   you   expect   us   to
  believe that? That is much more wonderful than that the swallows should
  sleep in the pond。〃
  But is it?
  Yes;   to   them。   They   know   that   bats   and   dormice   and   other   things
  sleep   all   the   winter;   so   why   should   not   swallows   sleep?  They   see   the
  swallows about the water; and often dipping almost into it。 They know that
  fishes live under water; and that many insects like May…flies and caddis…
  flies   and   water…beetleslive   sometimes   in   the   water;   sometimes   in   the
  open     air;  and  they   cannot    knowyou      do  not   knowwhat      it  is  which
  prevents a bird's living under water。           So their guess is really a very fair
  one; no more silly than that of the savages; who when they first saw the
  white men's ships; with their huge sails; fancied they were enormous sea…
  birds; and when they heard the cannons fire; said that the ships spoke in
  thunder and lightning。         Their guess was wrong; but not silly; for it was
  the best guess they could make。
  But   I   do   know   of   one   old   woman   who   was   silly。 She   was   a   boy's
  nurse; and she gave the boy a thing which she said was one of the snakes
  which St。 Hilda turned into stone; and told him that they found plenty of
  them at Whitby; where she was born; all coiled up; but what was very odd;
  their heads had always been broken of。            And when he took it; to his father;
  he told him it was only a fossil shellan Ammonite。                 And he went back
  and laughed at his nurse; and teased her till she was quite angry。
  Then he was very lucky that she did not box his ears; for that was what
  he    deserved。     I  dare   say   that;  though    his   nurse   had   never   heard    of
  Ammonites; she was a wise old dame enough; and knew a hundred things
  which     he   did   not   know;    and    which    were    far  more    important     than
  Ammonites; even to him。
  How?
  Because   if    she  had   not   known     how   to  nurse   him   well;   he   would
  perhaps have never grown up alive and strong。               And if she had not known
  how   to   make   him   obey   and   speak   the   truth;   he   might   have   grown   up   a
  naughty boy。
  But was she not silly?
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  MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY
  No。    She   only   believed   what   the   Whitby   folk;   I   understand;   have
  some   of   them   believed   for   many   hundred   years。       And   no   one   can   be
  blamed   for  thinking   as   his   forefathers   did;   unless   he   has   cause  to   know
  better。
  Surely she might have known better?
  How?      What reason could she have to believe the Ammonite was a
  shell?    It   is   not   the   least   like   cockles;   or   whelks;   or   any   shell   she   ever
  saw。
  What reason either could she have to guess that Whitby cliff had once
  been coral…mud; at the bottom of the sea?            No more reason; my dear child;
  than you would have to guess that this stone had been coral…mud likewise;
  if I did not teach you so;or rather; try to make you teach yourself so。
  No。    I   say  it   again。 If   you   wish   to   learn;   I   will   only  teach   you   on
  condition that you do not laugh at; or despise; those good and honest and
  able   people   who   do   not   know   or   care   about   these   things;   because   they
  have   other   things   to   think   of: like   old   John   out   there   ploughing。   He
  would not believe youhe would hardly believe meif we told him that
  this stone had been once a swarm of living things; of exquisite shapes and
  glorious colours。      And yet he can plough and sow; and reap and mow; and
  fell and strip; and hedge and ditch; and give his neighbours sound advice;
  and take the measure of a man's worth from ten minutes' talk; and say his
  prayers; and keep his temper; and pay his debts;which last three things
  are more than a good many folks can do who fancy themselves a whole
  world wiser than John in the smock…frock。
  Oh; but I want to hear about the exquisite shapes and glorious colours。
  Of course you do; little man。         A few fine epithets take your fancy far
  more than a little common sense and common humility; but in that you are
  no worse than some of your elders。             So now for the exquisite shapes and
  glorious colours。       I have never seen them; though I trust to see them ere I
  die。    So what they are like I can only tell from what I have learnt from Mr。
  Darwin; and Mr。 Wallace; and Mr。 Jukes; and Mr。 Gosse; and last; but not
  least; from one whose soul was as beautiful as his face; Lucas Barrett;
  too soon lost to science;who was drowned in exploring such a coral…reef
  as this stone was once。
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  MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY
  Then there are such things alive now?
  Yes;   and   no。    The   descendants   of   most   of   them   live   on;   altered   by
  time; which alters all things; and from the beauty of the children we can
  guess at the beauty of their ancestors; just as from the coral…reefs which
  exist now we can guess how the coral…reefs of old were made。                        And that
  this stone was once part of a coral…reef the corals in it prove at first sight。
  And what is a coral…reef like?
  You     have    seen    the  room     in  the   British    Museum       full  of   corals;
  madrepores; brain…stones; corallines; and sea…ferns?
  Oh yes。
  Then   fancy   all   those   alive。    Not   as   they   are   now;   white   stone:   but
  covered   in     jelly;   and  out   of   every   pore   a   little   polype;   like   a   flower;
  peeping out。       Fancy them of every gaudy colour you choose。                   No bed of
  flowers; they say; can be more brilliant than the corals; as you look down
  on   them   through   the   clear   sea。   Fancy;   again;   growing   among   them   and
  crawling over them; strange sea…anemones; shells; star…fish; sea…slugs; and
  sea…cucumbers   with   feathery   gills;   crabs;   and   shrimps;   and   hundreds   of
  other animals; all as strange in shape; and as brilliant in colour。                 You may
  let   your   fancy  run   wild。    Nothing   so   odd;   nothing   so   gay;   even   entered
  your dreams; or a poet's; as you may find alive at the bottom of the sea; in
  the live flower…gardens of the sea…fairies。
  There   will   be   shoals   of   fish;   too;   playing   in   and   out;   as   strange   and
  gaudy   as   the   rest;parrot…fish   who   browse   on   the   live   coral   with   their
  beak…like   teeth;  as   cattle browse on   grass;   and at   the bottom;  it   may  be;
  larger   and   uglier   fish;   who   eat   the   crabs   and   shell…fish;   shells   and   all;
  grinding them up as a dog grinds a bone; and so turning shells and corals
  into fine soft mud; such as this stone is partly made of。
  But what happens to all the delicate little corals if a storm comes on?
  What; indeed?        Madam How has made them so well and wisely; that;
  like brave and good men; the more trouble they suffer the stronger they are。
  Day and night; week after week; the trade…wind blows upon them; hurling
  the waves against them in furious surf; knocking off great lumps of coral;
  grinding   them   to   powder;   throwing   them   over   the   reef   into   the   shallow
  water inside。       But the heavier the surf beats upon them; the stronger the
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  MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY
  polypes outside grow; repairing their broken houses; and building up fresh
  coral   on   the   dead   coral   below;   because   it   is   in   the   fresh   sea…   water   that
  beats upon the surf that they find most lime with which to build。                   And as
  they build they form a barrier against the surf; inside of which; in water
  still as glass; the weaker and more delicate things can grow in safety; just
  as   these   very   Encrinites   may   have   grown;   rooted   in   the   lime…mud;   and
  waving their slender arms at the bottom of the clear lagoon。                 Such mighty
  builders are these little coral polypes; that all the works of men are small
  compared   with   theirs。      One   single   reef;   for   instance;   which   is   entirely
  made by t