第 16 节
作者:嘟嘟      更新:2021-02-20 05:57      字数:9322
  fancying   the   end   of   the   world   was   come。      But   a   learned   man   who   was
  there;   finding   that;   though   the   sun   was   risen;   it   was   still   pitchy   dark;
  opened his window; and found that it was stuck fast by something on the
  ledge outside; and; when he thrust it open; found the ledge covered deep in
  soft   red   dust;   and   he   instantly   said;   like   a   wise   man   as   he   was;   〃The
  volcano of St。 Vincent must have broken out; and these are the ashes from
  it。〃   Then he ran down stairs and quieted the poor negroes; telling them
  not to be afraid; for the end of the world was not coming just yet。                         But
  still the dust went on falling till the whole island; I am told; was covered
  an   inch   thick;   and   the   same   thing   happened   in   the   other   islands   round。
  People      thoughtand      they    had    reason    to  think    from    what     had   often
  happened   elsewherethat   though   the   dust   might   hurt   the   crops   for   that
  year; it would make them richer in years to come; because it would act as
  manure upon   the   soil;   and   so   it did   after   a   few  years;   but   it   did   terrible
  damage at the time; breaking off the boughs of trees and covering up the
  crops;     and   in  St。  Vincent     itself  whole     estates   were    ruined。    It   was    a
  frightful day; but I know well that behind that How there was a Why for its
  happening; and happening too; about that very time; which all who know
  the history of negro slavery in the West Indies can guess for themselves;
  and   confess;   I   hope;   that   in   this   case;   as   in   all   others;   when   Lady  Why
  seems most severe she is often most just and kind。
  Ah! my dear child; that I could go on talking to you of this for hours
  and days!       But I have time now only to teach you the alphabet of these
  mattersand; indeed; I   know little more   than the alphabet   myself; but if
  the   very   letters   of   Madam   How's   book;   and   the   mere   A;   B;   AB;   of   it;
  which I am trying to teach you; are so wonderful and so beautiful; what
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  must its sentences be and its chapters?           And what must the whole book be
  like?    But that last none can read save He who wrote it before the worlds
  were made。
  But   now   I   see   you   want   to   ask   a   question。 Let   us   have   it   out。 I
  would     sooner    answer    one   question     of  yours   than   tell  you   ten  things
  without your asking。
  Is   there   potash   and   magnesia   and   silicates in   the   soil   here? And   if
  there    is;  where   did   they   come    from?     For    there   are  no   volcanos    in
  England。
  Yes。    There are such things in the soil; and little enough of them; as
  the farmers here know too well。            For we here; in Windsor Forest; are on
  the very poorest and almost the newest soil in England; and when Madam
  How had used up all her good materials in making the rest of the island;
  she carted away her dry rubbish and shot it down here for us to make the
  best of; and I do not think that we and our forefathers have done so very ill
  with it。    But where the rich part; or staple; of our soils came from first it
  would     be   very   difficult  to  say;  so  often   has   Madam   How       made;    and
  unmade; and re…made England; and sifted her materials afresh every time。
  But if you go to the Lowlands of Scotland; you may soon see where the
  staple of the soil came from there; and that I was right in saying that there
  were atoms of lava in every Scotch boy's broth。               Not that there were ever
  (as far as I know) volcanos in Scotland or in England。                 Madam How has
  more than one string to her bow; or two strings either; so when she pours
  out    her   lavas;  she   does    not  always     pour   them    out   in  the  open    air。
  Sometimes she pours them out at the bottom of the sea; as she did in the
  north    of  Ireland   and    the  south…west     of  Scotland;    when    she   made    the
  Giant's Causeway; and Fingal's Cave in Staffa too; at the bottom of the old
  chalk    ocean;    ages   and   ages    since。   Sometimes       she   squirts   them    out
  between   the   layers   of   rock;   or   into   cracks   which   the   earthquakes   have
  made; in what are called trap dykes; of which there are plenty to be seen in
  Scotland; and in Wales likewise。 And then she lifts the earth up from the
  bottom of the sea; and sets the rain to wash away all the soft rocks; till the
  hard lava stands out in great hills upon the surface of the ground。                   Then
  the   rain   begins   eating   away   those   lava…hills   likewise;   and   manuring   the
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  earth with them; and wherever those lava…hills stand up; whether great or
  small; there is pretty sure to be rich land around them。                If you look at the
  Geological Map of England and Ireland; and the red spots upon it; which
  will show you where those old lavas are; you will see how much of them
  there is in England; at the Lizard Point in Cornwall; and how much more
  in   Scotland   and   the north   of   Ireland。    In   South   Devon;  in   Shropshire…   …
  with    its  beautiful    Wrekin;    and   Caradoc;     and   Lawleyin      Wales;    round
  Snowdon   (where   some   of   the   soil   is   very   rich);   and;   above   all;   in   the
  Lowlands   of   Scotland;   you   see   these   red   marks;   showing   the   old   lavas;
  which are always fertile; except the poor old granite; which is of little use
  save to cut into building stone; because it is too full of quartzthat is; flint。
  Think   of   this   the   next   time   you   go   through   Scotland   in   the   railway;
  especially      when    you    get  near    Edinburgh。      As     you   run   through     the
  Lothians; with their noble crops of corn; and roots; and grassesand their
  great   homesteads;   each   with   its   engine   chimney;   which   makes   steam   do
  the work of menyou will see rising out of the plain; hills of dark rock;
  sometimes in single knobs; like Berwick Law or Stirling Cragsometimes
  in noble ranges; like Arthur's Seat; or the Sidlaws; or the Ochils。                   Think
  what     these   black    bare    lumps    of   whinstone      are;  and    what    they   do。
  Remember   they   are   minesnot   gold   mines;   but   something   richer   still
  food   mines;  which   Madam  How  thrust into   the   inside   of the   earth;   ages
  and ages since; as molten lava rock; and then cooled them and lifted them
  up;   and   pared   them   away   with   her   ice…plough   and   her   rain…spade;   and
  spread the stuff of them over the wide carses round; to make in that bleak
  northern   climate;  which   once   carried nothing but   fir…trees   and heather;  a
  soil fit to feed a great people; to cultivate in them industry; and science;
  and valiant self…dependence and self…help; and to gather round the Heart of
  Midlothian and the Castle Rock of Edinburgh the stoutest and the ablest
  little nation which Lady Why has   made since she made the Greeks who
  fought at Salamis。
  Of those Greeks you have read; or ought to read; in Mr。 Cox's Tales of
  the   Persian   War。    Some   day   you   will   read   of   them   in   their   own   books;
  written in their grand old tongue。           Remember that Lady Why made them;
  as she has made the Scotch; by first preparing a country for them; which
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  would call out all their courage and their skill; and then by giving them the
  courage and the skill to make use of the land where she had put them。
  And     now    think   what   a  wonderful      fairy  tale  you   might    write   for
  yourselfand   every   word   of   it   trueof   the   adventures   of   one   atom   of
  Potash or some other Salt; no bigger than a needle's point; in such a lava
  stream as I have been telling of。           How it has run round and round; and
  will run round age after age; in an endless chain of change。               How it began
  by being molten fire underground; how then it became part of a hard cold
  rock;   lifted   up   into   a   cliff;   beaten   upon   by   rain   and   storm;   and   washed
  down into the soil of the plain; till; perhaps; the little atom of mineral met
  with the rootlet of some great tree; and was taken up into its sap in spring;
  through tiny veins; and hardened the next year into a piece of solid wood。
  And then how that