第 15 节
作者:嘟嘟      更新:2021-02-20 05:57      字数:9322
  martyred   there   ages   agoand   who;   they   fancy;   has   power   in   heaven   to
  save them from the lava stream。             And really what happened was enough
  to   make   ignorant   people;   such   as   they   were;   think   that   St。   Agatha   had
  saved   them。      The   lava   stream   came   straight   down   upon   the   town   wall。
  Another   foot;   and   it   would   have   touched   it;   and   have   begun   shoving   it
  down   with   a   force   compared   with   which   all   the   battering…rams   that   you
  ever read of in ancient histories would be child's toys。              But lo and behold!
  when the lava stream got within a few inches of the wall it stopped; and
  began to rear itself upright and build itself into a wall beside the wall。                  It
  rose and rose; till I believe in one place it overtopped the wall and began
  to curl over in a crest。       All expected that it would fall over into the town
  at last:    but no; there it stopped; and cooled; and hardened; and left the
  town unhurt。       All the inhabitants said; of course; that St。 Agatha had done
  it:   but learned men found out that; as usual Madam How had done it; by
  making it do itself。        The lava was so full of gas; which was continually
  blowing   out   in   little   jets;   that   when   it   reached   the  wall;   it   actually  blew
  itself back from the wall; and; as the wall was luckily strong enough not to
  be blown down; the lava kept blowing itself back till it had time to cool。
  And so; my dear child; there was no miracle at all in the matter; and the
  poor people of Catania had to thank not St。 Agatha; and any interference
  of hers; but simply Him who can preserve; just as He can destroy; by those
  laws of nature which are the breath of His mouth and the servants of His
  will。
  But in many a case the lava does not stop。              It rolls on and on over the
  downs and through the valleys; till it reaches the sea… shore; as it did in
  Hawaii in the Sandwich Islands this very year。 And then it cools; of course;
  but often not before it has killed the fish by its sulphurous gases and heat;
  perhaps for miles around。           And there is good reason to believe that the
  fossil   fish   which   we   so   often   find   in   rocks;  perfect in   every  bone;   lying
  sometimes in heaps; and twisted (as I have seen them) as if they had died
  suddenly and violently; were killed in this very way; either by heat from
  lava streams; or else by the bursting up of gases poisoning the water; in
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  earthquakes and eruptions in the bottom of the sea。               I could tell you many
  stories   of   fish  being   killed   in   thousands   by   earthquakes   and      volcanos
  during the last few years。         But we have not time to tell about everything
  And   now   you   will   ask   me;   with   more   astonishment   than   ever;   what
  possible use can there be in these destroying streams of fire? And certainly;
  if you had ever seen a lava stream even when cool; and looked down; as I
  have done; at the great river of rough black blocks streaming away far and
  wide   over   the   land;   you   would   think   it   the   most   hideous   and   the   most
  useless thing   you   ever saw。        And   yet;   my  dear   child;  there   is   One   who
  told men to judge not according to the appearance; but to judge righteous
  judgment。       He   said   that   about   matters   spiritual   and   human:     but   it   is
  quite as true about matters natural; which also are His work; and all obey
  His will。
  Now if you had seen; as I have seen; close round the edges of these
  lava streams; and sometimes actually upon them; or upon the great bed of
  dust    and   ashes    which    have   been    hurled   far  and   wide    out   of  ancient
  volcanos;      happy    homesteads;      rich   crops;   hemp     and   flax;  and    wheat;
  tobacco; lucerne; roots; and vineyards laden with white and purple grapes;
  you would have begun to suspect that the lava streams were not; after all;
  such   very  bad   neighbours。       And   when   I   tell   you   that   volcanic   soils   (as
  they   are   called);   that   is;   soil   which   has   at   first   been   lava   or   ashes;   are
  generally the richest soils in the worldthat; for instance (as some one told
  me the other day); there is soil in the beautiful island of Madeira so thin
  that you cannot dig more than two or three inches down without coming to
  the solid rock of lava; or what is harder even; obsidian (which is the black
  glass which volcanos sometimes make; and which the old Mexicans used
  to chip into swords and arrows; because they had no steel)and that this
  soil; thin as it is; is yet so fertile; that in it used to be grown the grapes of
  which the famous Madeira wine was madewhen you remember this; and
  when   you   remember;   too;   the   Lothians   of   Scotland   (about   which   I  shall
  have to say a little to you just now); then you will perhaps agree with me;
  that Lady Why has not been so very wrong in setting Madam How to pour
  out lava and ashes upon the surface of the earth。
  For seedown below; under the roots of the mountains; Madam How
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  works continually like a chemist in his laboratory; melting together all the
  rocks; which are the bones and leavings of the old worlds。                If they stayed
  down below there; they would be of no use; while they will be of use up
  here in the open air。      For; year by yearby the washing of rain and rivers;
  and also; I am sorry to say; by the ignorant and foolish waste of mankind
  thousands and millions of tons of good stuff are running into the sea every
  year;   which   would;   if   it   could   be   kept   on   land;   make   food   for   men   and
  animals; plants and trees。         So; in order to supply the continual waste of
  this upper world; Madam How is continually melting up the under world;
  and pouring it out of the volcanos like manure; to renew the face of the
  earth。    In these lava rocks and ashes which she sends up there are certain
  substances; without which men cannot livewithout which a stalk of corn
  or grass cannot grow。         Without potash; without magnesia; both of which
  are in   your   veins and   minewithout   silicates (as they  are   called);   which
  give flint to the stems of   corn and of   grass; and so   make them stiff   and
  hard;   and   able   to   stand   uprightand   very  probably   without   the   carbonic
  acid gas; which comes out of the volcanos; and is taken up by the leaves of
  plants; and turned by Madam How's cookery into solid woodwithout all
  these things; and I suspect without a great many more things which come
  out of volcanosI do not see how this beautiful green world could get on
  at all。
  Of course; when the lava first cools on the surface of the ground it is
  hard   enough;   and     therefore   barren   enough。     But   Madam   How   sets   to
  work upon it at once; with that delicate little water… spade of hers; which
  we call rain; and with that alone; century after century; and age after age;
  she digs the lava stream down; atom by atom; and silts it over the country
  round in rich manure。 So that if Madam How has been a rough and hasty
  workwoman in pumping her treasures up out of her mine with her great
  steam… pumps; she shows herself delicate and tender and kindly enough in
  giving them away afterwards。
  Nay; even the fine dust which is sometimes blown out of volcanos is
  useful to countries far away。        So light it is; that it rises into the sky and is
  wafted by the wind across the seas。           So; in the year 1783; ashes from the
  Skaptar   Jokull;   in   Iceland;   were   carried   over   the   north   of   Scotland;   and
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  even into Holland; hundreds of miles to the south。
  So;   again;   when   in   the   year   1812   the   volcano   of   St。   Vincent;   in   the
  West India Islands; poured out torrents of lava; after mighty earthquakes
  which   shook   all   that   part   of   the   world;   a   strange   thing   happened   (about
  which I have often heard from those who saw it) in the island of Barbados;
  several   hundred   miles   away。        For   when   the   sun   rose   in   the   morning   (it
  was a Sunday morning); the sky remained more dark than any night; and
  all the poor negroes crowded terrified out of their houses into the streets;
  fancying   the   end   of   the   world   was   come。      But   a   learned   man   who   was
  t