第 12 节
作者:无边的寒冷      更新:2021-02-20 04:47      字数:9322
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  North American Species of Cactus
  scolymoides sulcatus; and M。 strobiliformis Engelm。 is C。 conoideus。
  57。 Cactus viviparusNutt。 in Fraser's Cat。 (1813)。
  Mamillaria viviparaHaw。 Syn。 Succ。 Suppl。 72 (1819)。
  Low      and    depressed…globose;         usually     proliferous     and    cespitose
  (forming large masses); but sometimes simple: tubercles terete and loose;
  lightly grooved: radial spines 12 to 20; stiff and white; often dark…tipped; 6
  to 8 mm。 long; central spines usually 4 (sometimes less; often more; even
  as   many   as   8);   brownish;   8   to   12   mm。   long;   3   spreading   upwards;   the
  lowest stouter and shorter and deflexed: flowers about 3。5 cm。 long (large
  for the size of the plant) and even broader when expanded; bright purple:
  stigmas pointed with a short mucro: fruit oval; pale green; juicy; 12 to 18
  mm。 long: seeds yellowish…brown; obliquely obovate and curved about the
  small   hilum;   1。4   to   1。6   mm。   long)。(Ill。   Cact。   Mex。   Bound。   t。   74。   fig。   3;
  seeds)Type unknown。
  On   the   northwestern   plains;   from   the   boundary   provinces   of   British
  America (western Manitoba; Assiniboia and Alberta); and throughout the
  Upper Missouri   region;   southward   through   western   Nebraska   to   western
  Kansas and to the eastern foothills of central Colorado。It is also mentioned
  by  Howell   (Cat。   of   Oregon; Washington   and   Idaho   plants);   as   occurring
  beyond   the   Rocky   Mountain   divide   in   Idaho   and   Washington;   which   is
  probable; but no specimens have been seen。
  Specimens       examined:      Montana      (Hayden;     nos。   1854;   1855;    Vernon
  Bailey   of   1890;   near   Bridger):      Colorado   (Hayden   of   1869):       Nebraska
  (Rydberg   1379   of   1893;   Thomas   Co。):   also   specimens   cultivated   in   St。
  Louis in 1869; also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
  It seems best to keep this northwestern form specifically separate from
  that large assemblage of southern forms that have been commonly referred
  to   it。The   forms   referred   to   this   species   from   western   Kansas   (Smyth's
  check list) have not been examined; and they may represent intermediate
  forms;     inclining    to  simple    habit   and   ovate    form;   as   in  the  Colorado
  forms。The southern type (C。 radiosus) is distinguished from C。 viviparus
  not   only   by   its   very   different   range;   but   also   by   its   ovate   to   cylindrical
  form; simple habit; more numerous (12 to 40) and longer (6 to 22 mm。)
  radial spines; usually more numerous (3 to 14) central spines in which the
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  North American Species of Cactus
  upper are more robust than the lower; porrect lower central; obtuse stigmas;
  and brown obovate straight seeds。
  58。 Cactus radiosus (Engelm。)。
  Mamillaria   viviparaEngelm。   Pl。   Fendl。   49   (1849);   not   Haw。   (1819)。
  Mamillaria   radiosaEngelm。   Pl。   Lindh。   196   (1850)。   Mamillaria   vivipara
  radiosa texanaEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 269 (1856)。
  Ovate or cylindrical; 5 to 12。5 cm。 high and about 5 cm。 in diameter;
  simple   or   sparingly   proliferous:   tubercles   terete;   more   or   less   grooved
  above; 8 to 12 mm。 long: radial spines 20 to 30; straight; slender; with with
  dusky apex; very unequal; 6 to 8 mm long; central spines 4 or 5; stouter;
  yellowish or tawny; 8 to 12 mm。 long; the upper ones the longer and more
  robust;   the   lowest   one   shorter   and   porrect:   flowers   3。5   to   5。5   cm。   long;
  about the same diameter when fully open; violet to dark purple: stigmas 7
  to   9;   obtuse:   fruit   oval   and   green:   seeds   yellowish   or   brown;   obovate;
  pitted; fully 2   mm; long。(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 74; fig。5; seeds)Type;
  Lindheimer of 1846 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  Extending   across      southern     Texas;   from   the   Guadalupe      to  El   Paso。
  thence     into  contiguous      New    Mexico     and   across    the  Rio   Grande     near
  Juarez (northern Chihuahua)。Fl。 May…June。
  Specimens       examined:      Texas    (Lindheimer       of  1846):    New     Mexico
  (Bigelow       of   1855):    Chihuahua;      near    Juarez    (Evans    of   1891):    also
  specimens cultivated from the type in St。 Louis in 1846。
  Attention   has   been   called   under   C。   viviparus   to   the   characters   that
  distinguish      from   C。   radiosusThe      characters    there   given    for  the   latter
  species   apply   to   to   the   whole   group   of   included   forms。  The   type   of   the
  species   is   the   var。  Texana   of   Engelmann's   Syn。   Cact。   and   Mex。   Bound。;
  which is characterized in the above。 description。
  59。 Cactus radiosus neo…mexicanus(Engelm。)。
  Mamillaria       vivipara    radiosa    neo…mexicanaEngelm。           Syn。    Cact。269
  (1856)。
  Generally lower (3。5 to 10 cm。) and subglobose to ovate or even sub…
  cylindrical; branching at base or simple; with more numerous (12 to 40)
  radial spines; more numerous (3 to 12) and purplish centrals; and smaller
  seeds。(Ill。   Cact。   Mex。   Bound。   t。   74。   fig。   4;   seeds)Type;   presumably   the
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  North American Species of Cactus
  Wright; Bigelow; and Schott specimens from western Texas; New Mexico;
  and Sonora; all in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  From southern Utah; central Colorado; and western Kansas; southward
  through   western   Texas;   New   Mexico   and   Arizona   into   Chihuahua   and
  Sonora。
  Specimens       examined:      Kansas     (Carleton    530    of  1891;    in  Meade
  County): Oklahoma (Carleton 233 of 1891): Colorado (Hall and Harbour
  of   1862;   Brandegee  645   of 1873;   Hicks   of  1890):   Utah   (Siler  of   1870):
  New Mexico (Wislizenus of 1846; Fendler 244; 271; of 1847: Wright 298;
  Bigelow   of   1853;   G。   R。   Vasey   of   1881):   Texas   (Wright   of   1849;   1851;
  1852;   Bigelow   of   1853):   Arizona   (Rothrock;   with   no   number   or   date):
  Sonora (Schott of 1855): Chihuahua (Evans of 1891; near Juarez)。
  It is through this variety that C。 radiosus approaches most nearly to C。
  viviparus;   in   the   forms   with   few   radials   and   centrals;   but   the   specific
  characters   seem   to   hold。This   is   the   Mamillaria   vivipara   of   the   Syn   Fl。
  Colorado (Porter and Coulter)。
  60。 Cactus radiosus arizonicus(Engelm。)。
  Mamillaria arizonicaEngelm Bot。 Calif。 i。 244 (1876)。
  A  robust   globose   or   ovate   simple   form   (7。5   to   10   cm。   in   diameter);
  with long (12 to 25 mm。) deeply…grooved tubercles; 15 to 20 long (10 to
  30    mm。)    rigid  whitish    radial  spines;   and   3  to  6  centrals    deep   brown
  above。Type; the specimens of Cous; Palmer; Bischoff and Johnson; all in
  Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  Sandy     and    rocky   soil   from   southern     Utah    through    northern    and
  western Arizona to southern California。
  Specimens examined: Arizona (Cous of 1865; Cous & Palmer of 1865
  and 1872; Palmer of 1869; Bischoff of 1871; Miller of 1881; Rusby 617 of
  1853; Pringle of 1884): Utah (Johnson of 1871; 1872; 1874; Parry of 1875;
  1877): California (Parish of 1880): also specimens cultivated in Mo。 Bot。
  Gard。 in 1881; and in Meehan's Gard。 in 1882。
  61。 Cactus radiosus deserti(Engelm。)。
  Mamillaria desertiEngelm。 Bot。 Calif。 ii。 449 (1880)。
  Subglobose       or  oval   (5  to   10  cm。   high)    and   simple;   with    deeply
  grooved tubercles (slender and about 12 mm。 long); 25 to 30 rather long
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  North American Species of Cactus
  (10 to 16 mm。) grayish white radial spines (the larger with reddish tips); 3
  or 4 shorter and stouter centrals with 5 or 6 intermediate ones above; small
  (2。5   cm。   long)   straw…colored   flowers   (becoming   purplish…tipped);   5   or   6
  stigmas; and obliquely obovate curved seeds。Type; Parish 433 in Herb。 Mo。
  Bot。 Gard。
  In the mountains bordering the deserts of southeastern California (San
  Bernardino       County)     and    extending     to   central   Nevada      (Reese    River
  Valley)。
  Specimens   examined:   California   (Parish   453   of   1880;   also   of   1882;
  Bailey   of   1890):   Nevada;   Lincoln   County   (Coville   &   Funston   of   1891;
  Death Valley Expedition): also specimens cultivated in Meehan's Gard。 in
  1882。
  The     smaller    straw…colored     flowers    alone    s