第 11 节
作者:无边的寒冷      更新:2021-02-20 04:47      字数:9322
  cm。 long: fruit oval; elongated; about 2 cm。 long; green: seeds elongated…
  obovate。 brown and smooth; about 1。8 mm。 long。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。
  10)Type; the Wright and Bigelow specimens in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  On   limestone   hills;   from   the   Pecos   River;   southwestern   Texas;   and
  southern   New   Mexico;   westward   to   the   Rio   Grande   (from   Presidio   del
  Norte northward)。Fl。 June。
  Specimens examined: Texas (Wright of 1849; 1851; 1852; Bigelow of
  1852; Engelmann; with no number or date; Evans of 1891)。
  The   characteristic   appearance   of the plant   is  given   by  the   very  stout
  and   straight   central   spine   standing   in   each   cluster   perpendicular   to   the
  plant body。The range of this species; between the Pecos and the upper Rio
  Grande;   suggests   another   separated   group;   such   as   is   presented   by   C。
  scolymoides   sulcatus   to   the   east;   between   the   Brazos   and   Nueces。Very
  frequently specimens of C。 echinus occur in which some of the tubercles
  do not develop central spines; and then the spine characters resemble those
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  of   C。   radians。In   C。   radians;   also;   an   occasional   porrect   central   spine   is
  found。These intergrading forms I have only seen in Mexican material。For
  discussion of relationships see under C。 scolymoides。
  ** Flowers red。+ Central spine solitary or sometimes wanting。
  51。 Cactus dasyacanthus(Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 259
  (1891)。
  Mamillaria dasyacanthaEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 268 (1856)。
  Subglobose; 3。5 to 6。5 cm。 high; simple: tubercles slender and terete;
  spreading;   lightly   grooved   even   to   the   base;   8   to   10   mm;   long:   radial
  spines 30 to 50; mostly in two series; straight and loosely spreading; the
  exterior ones (25 to 35) capillary and white; 6 to 18 mm。 long; the interior
  ones (7 to 13) stiffer (setaceous); longer and darker and black…tipped; the
  central   spine   straight   and   porrect;   12   to  20  mm。   long;   often   wanting:
  flowers small; red: fruit ovate; small (8 to 10 mm。 long?): seeds globose…
  angled; almost black; pitted; 0。8 to 1。2 mm。 long(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。
  12。 figs。 17…22)Type; Wright 110 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot Gard。
  From     Eagle   Pass;   Texas;   westward      to  El  Paso   and   southern    New
  Mexico; and southward into Chihuahua。
  Specimens       examined:     Texas    (Wright    110   of   1852):   New     Mexico
  (Vasey  of   1881;   Mearns of   1892;  in   Big   Hatchet   Mountains)   Chihuahua
  (Pringle 251 of 1885; in part)。
  Pringle 251 as distributed to Nat。 Herb。 is C。 tuberculosus。
  52。 Cactus maculatus; sp。 nov。
  Obovate…cylindrical; 6 by 8 cm。; somewhat cespitose: tubercles ovate;
  terete; 10 mm。 long; grooved to the base; with naked axils: radial spines 10
  or   11;   straight   and   spreading;   rigid;   blackish   (becoming   ashy   with   age);
  black…tipped; 12 mm。 long; central spine large; more or less spotted; erect;
  25 to 35 mm。 long: flower 13 mm。 long; pinkish: fruit unknown。Type in
  Herb。 Coulter。
  San Luis Potosi。
  Specimens examined: San Luis Potosi (Eschanzier of 1891)。
  Somewhat resembles C。 tuberculosus in general appearance; but very
  different in spine characters。
  53。 Cactus brunneus; sp。 nov。
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  North American Species of Cactus
  Obovate…cylindrical;  3   by  6   cm。;   simple:   tubercles   ovate;   grooved   to
  the   base;   5   to   6   mm。   long;   with   woolly   axils:   radial   spines   11   to   15;
  spreading; rather rigid and brownish (lighter with age); 8 to 10 mm。 long;
  central    spine    much     larger;  20    mm;    long;   hooked:     flower    and   fruit
  unknown。Type in Herb。 Coulter。
  San Luis Potosi。
  Specimens examined: San Luis Potosi (Eschanzier of 1891)。
  ++ Central spines 3 to 12。
  54。 Cactus conoideus(DC。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。
  Mamillaria       conoideaDC。         Rev。    Cact。     112    (1829)。     Mamillaria
  strobiliformisEngelm。 Wisliz。 Rep。 113 (1848); not Scheer (1850)。
  Ovate…conical; 3。5 to 10 cm。 high; 4 to 7 cm。 in diameter below; with
  densely   woolly      vertex;   simple:    tubercles   conical;   about    12  mm;     long;
  closely     appressed…imbricate        (〃giving    the   plant   the   appearance      of  a
  pineapple   or   cone〃):   radial   spines   10   to   16;   ashy   to   white;   straight   and
  stout; 6 to 10 mm。 long; the upper longer (10 to 15 mm。); central spines 3
  to 5; stouter; brownish…black; 10 to 16 mm。 long; the two or three smaller
  ones erect…spreading; the single lower one more rigid; porrect or deflexed;
  15 to 20 mm。 long: flowers 2 to 3 cm long and wide; deep purple: fruit
  unknown。(Ill。 DC。 Mem。 Cact。 t。 2)Type unknown。
  On rocks; Coahuila and Nuevo Leon to San Luis Potosi and southern
  Mexico。
  Specimens examined: Coahuila (Palmer 378 of 1882; Pringle 3117 of
  1890):   Nuevo   Leon   (Wislizenus   of   1847):   San   Luis   Potosi   (Poselger   of
  1851; Eschanzier of 1891)。
  55。 Cactus potsii(Scheer) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 (1891)。
  Mamillaria potsiiScheer in Salm Cact。 Hort。 Dyck。 104 (1850)。
  Cylindrical;   30   to   35   cm。   high;   2。5   to   3   cm。   in   diameter;   somewhat
  branching:   tubercles   ovate;   obtuse;   very   lightly   sulcate;   with   somewhat
  woolly   axils:   radial   spines   very   numerous   (entirely   covering   the   whole
  plant); slender and white; central spines 6 to 12; stouter from a broad base:
  flowers large; green; or reddish: fruit red。Type unknown。
  From the Rio Grande region; near Laredo; Texas; to Chihuahua。
  Specimens        examined:       Texas     (Poselger      of   1851):      Chihuahua
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  North American Species of Cactus
  (specimens from Coll。 Salm…Dyck。)。
  56。 Cactus tuberculosus(Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261
  (1891)。
  Mamillaria strobiliformisScheer in Salm Cact。 Hort。 Dyck。 104 (1850);
  not Muhlenpf。 (1848); nor Engelm。 (1848)。 Mamillaria tuberculosaEngelm。
  Syn。 Cact。 268 (1856)。
  Ovate to cylindrical; 5 to 15 cm。 high; 2。5 to 5 cm。 in diameter; simple
  or branching at base: tubercles short…ovate from a broad base; 5 to 6 mm。
  long; deeply grooved; crowded and imbricate; at length covering the older
  parts   as   naked   and   gray   corky   protuberances:      radial   spines   20   to  30;
  slender but stiff; white; radiant and interwoven with adjacent clusters; 4 to
  8 mm。 long (uppermost rarely 10 to 12 mm。); central spines 5 to 9; stouter;
  purplish     above;    the   upper    ones    longer;   erect;   10   to  14   mm。     long
  (sometimes even 16 to 18 mm。); the lower one shorter (6 to 8 mm。); stout;
  porrect or deflexed: flowers about 2。5 cm。 in diameter; pale purple: fruit
  oval;   elongated   (sometimes   almost   cylindric);   red;   about   18   mm。   long:
  seeds subglobose; brown and pitted; very small (0。8 to 1。2 mm。 long)。(Ill。
  Cact。   Mex。   Bound。   t。   12。   figs。   1…16)Type   of   Scheer's   strobiliformis      is
  unknown; but the specimens of Prince Salm…Dyck in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  are   marked   〃authentic〃   by   Dr。   Engelmann。The   Wright   specimens   in   the
  same Herb; represent the type of M tuberculosa Engelm。
  From the mountains of extreme southwestern Texas (common west of
  Devil's River); southward into Chihuahua and Coahuila。Fl。 May…June。
  Specimens examined: Texas (Wright 18; 19; 20; 23; 24; 29; 30;31;32;
  535; of 1849 and 1852; Bigelow of 1852; Engelmann; with no number or
  date;   Evans   of   1891):   Chihuahua   (Pringle   250;   251   in   part;   and   258   of
  1885): Coahuila (Palmer of 1880): also specimens from Coll。 Salm。 Dyck
  in 1857; also growing in Mo Bot。  Gard。 1893 (specimens; sent by G。  G。
  Briggs in 1892 from El Paso; Texas。
  The     identification      of   Engelmann's        tuberculosa      with     Scheer's
  strobiliformis was made by Dr。 Engelmann himself upon an examination
  of Scheer's type。The use of the specific name tuberculosa is necessitated
  by  the   law   of   homonyms;   as   strobiliformis   had   been   used   twice   already
  before     it  was   taken   up   by   Scheer。M。     strobiliformis    Muhlenpf。      is  C。
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  North American Species of Ca