第 3 节
作者:无边的寒冷      更新:2021-02-20 04:47      字数:9318
  applanataEngelm。         Pl。  Lindh     198   (1850)。Mamillaria        texensisLabouret;
  Monogr。 Cact。 89 (1858)。
  Depressed; globose; usually with depressed vertex; 8 to 12 cm。 broad;
  2。5 to 5 cm。 high: tubercles elongated: radial spines 10 to 22; whitish; 5 to
  12   mm。   long;   the   lower   usually   the   longer;   stouter;   and   often   darker;
  central spine 4 to 8 mm。 long; light yellowish…brown; stout; straight; and
  porrect: flowers 2 to 2。5 cm。 long; reddish…white: fruit incurved; 1。5 to 3
  cm。 long。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 9。 figs。 4…14)。Type unknown。
  From the Guadalupe River; Texas; to the mouth of the Rio Grande; and
  westward to Arizona and Sonora。Fl。 April; May。
  Specimens examined: Texas (Lindheimer of 1845; 1847; 1853; Wright
  226; also collections of 1849; 1852; 1853; 1855; 1856; Bigelow of 1853;
  Trelease of 1892; Nealley of 1892): New Mexico (Wright 311; Bigelow of
  1853; Evans of 1891): Arizona (Pringle of 1881): also growing in Mo。 Bot。
  8
  … Page 9…
  North American Species of Cactus
  Gard。 1893; and in the World's Fair collection of Mrs。 Nickels。
  The    radial   spines    are  somewhat       variable    in  relative   length;   often
  becoming almost equal; while sometimes the upper radials are very much
  reduced。The figure referred to in Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 is not satisfactory as
  to    the  general     habit   of   the  plant;   which     is  flat…topped     rather   than
  hemispherical。
  6。Cactus heyderi hemisphaericus (Engelm。)。
  Mamillaria hemisphaericaEngelm。 Pl。 Lindh。 198 (1850)。
  Differs in being hemispherical instead of flat…topped; in its fewer (9 to
  12) and shorter (4 to 8 mm。) radial spines; and much smaller less rough
  and lighter…colored seeds。(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 9。 figs。 15…17)Type; the
  〃Goebel's Garden〃 plants in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  Throughout southern Texas and southern New Mexico; and southward;
  not   extending   so   far   north   or   west   as   the   species;  and   apparently  not   so
  abundant within the United States。Fl。 May。
  Specimens examined: Texas(Schott 322; 614): New Mexico (Evans of
  1891): also specimens cultivated in the Goebel Garden; St。 Louis; in 1847;
  brought   from   〃below   Matamoras   on   the   Rio   Grande〃   by   the   St。   Louis
  Volunteers; in 1816。
  On   account   of   its   convex   top   the   variety   becomes   somewhat   higher
  than   the   species   (5   to   7。5   cm。);   and   the   flowers   are   sometimes   slightly
  longer (2 to 3 cm。)。
  7。Cactus meiacanthus (Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。
  Mamillaria meiacanthaEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 263 (1856)
  Hemispherical or with depressed vertex; 7。5 to 12。5 cm。 in diameter;
  with a broad top…shaped base: tubercles compressed; 14 to 18 mm。 long:
  radial spines 5 to 9 (usually about 6); stout and strongly subulate; 6 to 10
  mm。   long;   straight   or   somewhat   curved;   whitish   or   yellowish;   the   lower
  mostly   a   little   longer;   the   upper   one   sometimes   wanting;   central   spine
  shorter and stout; darker; straight; and porrect; turned upwards among the
  radials; or rarely wanting: flowers 2。5 to 3 cm。 long; reddish…white: fruit
  incurved;   2   to   3   cm。   long。(Ill。   Cact。   Mex。   Bound。   t。   9;   figs。1…3)。Type
  specimens   are   those   of   the   collections   of   1847;   1851;   1852;   and   1853;
  from   which   the   original   description   was   drawn   and   all   of   which   are   in
  9
  … Page 10…
  North American Species of Cactus
  Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  From   the   Guadalupe   River;   Texas;   to   the   〃Great   Bend〃   of   the   Rio
  Grande; westward through western Texas and New Mexico; also northern
  Mexico (Hemsley); Fl。May; June。
  Specimens examined: Texas (Wright of 1851; 1852; Bigelow of 1853):
  New Mexico (〃Missouri Volunteers〃 of 1847; unknown collector in 1880);
  also specimens cultivated in St。 Louis in 1853; and others growing in Mo。
  Bot。 Gard。 1893。
  Dr。 Engelmann regarded this species as possibly only a variety of C。
  heyderi;     to   which     it  is  certainly    very    closely    allied   through    var。
  hemisphaerica; but   the different tubercles and   fewer stouter  spines  serve
  so well to distinguish it that it seems best to retain its specific rank。
  In reference to the citation of the original description an explanation
  seems necessary; which will apply to numerous similar cases。The Pacif。 R。
  Rep。 iv。 27 (1856); Syn。 Cact。 263 (1858); and Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 9 (1859);
  have each been cited as the original publication。The confusion has arisen
  from the fact that in both the publications of 1856 the description in the
  Rep。   Mex。   Bound。   is   referred   to;   and   in   that   report   the   plant   is   fully
  described as 〃sp。  nov。〃However; the   publication of   the Boundary  Report
  was long delayed on account of the preparation of the plates; and in the
  meantime   both   the   publications   of   1856   had   appeared;   in   each   one   of
  which   the   species   is   distinctly   characterized   and   reference   made   to   the
  description     in  the   forthcoming     Boundary   Report。   As   between   the       two
  publications      of  1856    the  Syn。   Cact。   (Proc。   Amer。     Acad。iii。   259)   was
  evidently distributed first。
  8。Cactus gummiferus (Engelm。) Kuntze。 Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。
  Mamillaria gummiferaEngelm。 Wisliz。 Rep。 21 (1848)。
  Hemispherical; 7。5 to 12。5 cm。 broad and 6 to 10 cm。 high: tubercles
  12 to 15 mm。 long: radial spines 10 to 12; the lower stout; with dusky apex;
  12 to 15 mm。 long; twice or thrice as long as the whitish setaceous upper
  ones;   central spine   (sometimes   two) shorter   (about   4   mm。);   stout;   dusky
  and porrect: flowers 3 cm。 long; reddish…white; brownish…red outside: fruit
  unknown。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 9。 figs。 18…20)Type probably lost; as
  no specimens could be found in the Engelmann Herbarium。
  10
  … Page 11…
  North American Species of Cactus
  Chihuahua; near Cosihuiriachi。
  So far as can be discovered; this species has not been collected since
  the original Wislizenus   collection   of   1846…47。The   plants   were   cultivated
  by Dr。 Engelmann and made to bloom; showing the flowers to be larger
  and darker colored than in the rest of the group; from which the species
  also differs in its more robust habit; its very unequal radial spines; and the
  occasional occurrence of two centrals。
  ** Central spine hooked。
  9。Cactus uncinatus (Zucc) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 (1591)。
  Mamillaria      uncinataZucc。      in  Pfeiff。  Enum。     34   (1837)。   Mamillaria
  bihamataPfeiff。       in  Otto   and    Deitr。   Gart。   vi。  274   (1840)    Mamillaria
  aduncaScheidw。          (1845…1849?)。Mamillaria            depressaScheidw。         (1845…
  1849?)。
  Usually globose (occasionally depressed or even subcolumnar); 5 to 6
  cm。 in diameter (doubtless becoming larger): tubercles 8 to 10 mm。 long;
  woolly in the upper axils: radial spines 4 to 6; rigid; 4 to 6 mm。 long; the
  upper one stouter than the rest and sometimes shorter; reddish…brown and
  horny;   straight   or   slightly   curved;   the   remainder   straight   and   white   with
  dusky tips; central spine stout and horny; reddish…brown; 7 to 10 mm。long:
  flowers greenish…white or tinged with red: fruit unknown Type unknown。
  Entirely Mexican; reported from Chihuahua to Saint Luis Potosi。
  Specimens   examined:   San   Luis   Potosi   (Gregg   of   1848;   Parry   268;
  Eschanzier of 1891): Chihuahua (Wislizenus of 1846…47; also Chihuahua
  specimens cultivated in the Jacoby Garden in 1856 and 1857)。
  The variations observed in this species do not seem sufficient for the
  establishment of varieties。The type form seems to have been globose; with
  4 radial spines and a stout central one。The depressed forms with 6 radials
  and   a   more   slender   central   represent   var。   spinosior   Lem。   (M。   depressa
  Scheidw。);   and   the   subcolumnar   forms   with   6   radials   (the   upper   one   of
  which is somewhat curved) and a stout strongly hooked central represent
  var biuncinata Lem。 (M。 bihamata Pfeiff。)Such combinations of characters;
  however; do not hold; as any one of the plant body forms may display any
  one of the spine characters referred to。
  B。 Tubercles terete。
  11
  … Page 12…
  North American Species of Cactus
  *   Central    spines   none:    mostly    simple