第 5 节
作者:这就是结局      更新:2021-02-19 18:29      字数:9322
  changes in them are the changes that Prior or La Bruyere themselves made
  and   approved。        You   can   study;   in   these   old   editions;   the   alterations   in
  their   taste;   the   history   of   their   minds。  The   case   is   the   same   even   with
  contemporary authors。            One likes to have Mr。 Tennyson's 〃Poems; chiefly
  Lyrical〃 (London:          Effingham Wilson; Royal Exchange; Cornhill; 1830)。
  It is fifty  years old; this little book of one hundred and fifty…four   pages;
  this first fruit of a stately tree。       In half a century the poet has altered much;
  and   withdrawn   much;   but   already;   in   1830;   he   had   found   his   distinctive
  note;    and    his   〃Mariana〃      is  a   masterpiece。       〃Mariana〃       is   in  all  the
  collections;   but   pieces   of   which   the   execution   is   less   certain   must   be
  sought only in the old volume of 1830。                   In the same way 〃The Strayed
  Reveller;     and    other   poems;     by   A。〃    (London:        B。   Fellowes;      Ludgate
  Street; 1849) contains much that Mr。 Matthew Arnold has altered; and this
  volume;  like   the   suppressed   〃Empedocles   on  Etna;   and   other   Poems;   by
  A。〃 (1852); appeals more to the collector than do the new editions which
  all the world may possess。            There are verses; curious in their way; in Mr。
  Clough's 〃Ambarvalia〃 (1849); which you will not find in his posthumous
  edition;   but   which   〃repay   perusal。〃         These   minutiae   of   literary   history
  become       infinitely    more    important      in   the  early    editions    of   the   great
  classical writers; and the book…collector may regard his taste as a kind of
  handmaid   of   critical   science。        The   preservation   of   rare   books;   and   the
  collection   of   materials   for   criticism;   are   the   useful   functions;   then;   of
  book…collecting。        But it is not to be denied that the sentimental side of the
  pursuit gives it most of its charm。            Old books are often literary relics; and
  as dear and sacred to the lover of literature as are relics of another sort to
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  the religious devotee。         The amateur likes to see the book in its form as the
  author   knew   it。     He   takes   a   pious   pleasure   in   the   first   edition   of   〃Les
  Precieuses   Ridicules;〃   (M。DC。LX。)   just   as   Moliere saw   it;  when   he   was
  fresh in the business of authorship; and wrote 〃Mon Dieu; qu'un Autheur
  est neuf; la premiere fois qu'on l'imprime。〃               All editions published during
  a great man's life have this attraction; and seem to bring us closer to his
  spirit。    Other   volumes   are   relics;   as   we   shall   see   later;   of   some   famed
  collector;  and   there  is   a  certain   piety  in   the   care  we   give   to   books   once
  dear   to   Longepierre;   or   Harley;   or   d'Hoym;   or   Buckle;   to   Madame   de
  Maintenon; or Walpole; to Grolier; or Askew; or De Thou; or Heber。 Such
  copies     should     be   handed     down     from    worthy     owners      to  owners     not
  unworthy; such servants of literature should never have careless masters。
  A   man     may    prefer   to   read   for  pleasure     in  a  good    clear   reprint。    M。
  Charpentier's   〃Montaigne〃   serves   the   turn;   but   it   is   natural   to   treasure
  more 〃Les Essais de Michel Seigneur de Montaigne;〃 that were printed by
  Francoise le Febre; of Lyon; in 1595。               It is not a beautiful book; the type
  is   small;   and   rather   blunt;   but   William   Drummond   of   Hawthornden   has
  written   on   the   title…   page   his   name   and   his   device;   Cipresso   e   Palma。
  There are a dozen modern editions of Moliere more easily read than the
  four    little  volumes     of   Wetstein    (Amsterdam;        1698);    but   these   contain
  reduced copies of the original illustrations; and here you see Arnolphe and
  Agnes   in   their   habits   as   they   lived;   Moliere   and   Mdlle。   de   Brie   as   the
  public of Paris beheld them more than two hundred years ago。 Suckling's
  〃Fragmenta Aurea〃 contain a good deal of dross; and most of the gold has
  been gathered into Miscellanies; but the original edition of 1646; 〃after his
  own copies;〃 with the portrait of the jolly cavalier who died aetatis suae 28;
  has    its  own     allurement。     Theocritus      is  more    easily    read;   perhaps;     in
  Wordsworth's        edition;    or  Ziegler's;    but   that  which     Zacharias     Calliergi
  printed   in   Rome   (1516);   with   an   excommunication   from  Leo   X。   against
  infringement of copyright; will always be a beautiful and desirable book;
  especially when bound by Derome。                  The gist of the pious Prince Conti's
  strictures   on   the   wickedness   of   comedy   may   be   read   in   various   literary
  histories;    but   it  is  natural   to  like   his  〃Traite    de  la  Comedie      selon    la
  tradition de l'Eglise; Tiree des Conciles et des saints Peres;〃 published by
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  Lovys Billaine in 1660; especially when the tract is a clean copy; arrayed
  in a decorous black morocco。
  These   are   but a   few   common   examples;   chosen   from  a   meagre   little
  library; a 〃twopenny treasure…house;〃 but they illustrate; on a minute scale;
  the    nature    of   the   collector's     passion;the      character     of   his   innocent
  pleasures。       He    occasionally      lights   on    other   literary   relics   of   a  more
  personal      character     than   mere    first   editions。    A    lucky    collector     lately
  bought Shelley's copy of Ossian; with the poet's signature on the title…page;
  in Booksellers' Row。          Another possesses a copy of Foppens's rare edition
  of Petrarch's 〃Le Sage Resolu contre l'une et l'autre Fortune;〃 which once
  belonged   to   Sir   Hudson   Lowe;   the   gaoler   of   Napoleon;   and   may   have
  fortified; by its stoical maxims; the soul of one who knew the extremes of
  either fortune; the captive of St。 Helena。              But the best example of a book;
  which   is   also   a   relic;   is   the   〃Imitatio   Christi;〃   which   belonged   to   J。   J。
  Rousseau。        Let    M。   Tenant     de   Latour;    lately  the   happy     owner     of  this
  possession; tell his own story of his treasure:                It was in 1827 that M。 de
  Latour was walking on the quai of the Louvre。                    Among the volumes in a
  shop;   he   noticed   a   shabby   little   copy   of   the   〃Imitatio   Christi。〃      M。   de
  Latour;   like   other   bibliophiles;   was   not   in   the   habit   of   examining   stray
  copies   of   this   work;   except   when   they   were   of   the   Elzevir   size;   for   the
  Elzevirs published a famous undated copy of the 〃Imitatio;〃 a book which
  brings     considerable       prices。    However;       by   some     lucky     chance;     some
  Socratic   daemon   whispering;   may   be;   in   his   ear;   he   picked   up   the   little
  dingy   volume   of   the   last   century。      It   was   of   a   Paris   edition;   1751;   but
  what was the name on the fly…leaf。                M。 de Latour read a J。 J。 Rousseau。
  There   was   no   mistake   about   it;   the   good   bibliophile   knew   Rousseau's
  handwriting perfectly  well;   to   make   still   more   sure   he   paid   his   seventy…
  five   centimes   for   the   book;   and   walked   across   the   Pont   des Arts;   to   his
  bookbinder's; where he had a copy of Rousseau's works; with a facsimile
  of his handwriting。          As he   walked;  M。  de   Latour   read in his   book;  and
  found notes of Rousseau's on the margin。                   The facsimile proved that the
  inscription was genuine。            The happy de Latour now made for the public
  office   in   which   he   was   a   functionary;   and   rushed   into   the   bureau   of   his
  friend     the  Marquis      de   V。   The     Marquis;      a  man    of   great   strength    of
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  character; recognised the signature of Rousseau with but little display of
  emotion。      M。   de   Latour   now  noticed   some   withered   flowers   among   the
  sacred   pages;   but   it   was   reserved   for   a   friend   to   discover   in   the   faded
  petals     Rousseau's      favourite     flower;    the    periwinkle。       Like     a   true
  Frenchman; like Rousseau himself in his younger days; M。 de Latour had
  not recognised the periwink