第 1 节
作者:爱之冰点      更新:2021-02-19 17:04      字数:9322
  War of the Classes
  War of the Classes
  Jack London
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  War of the Classes
  PREFACE
  When I was a youngster I was looked upon as a weird sort of creature;
  because;      forsooth;    I   was    a   socialist。   Reporters      from    local   papers
  interviewed   me;   and   the   interviews;   when   published;   were   pathological
  studies of a strange and abnormal specimen of man。 At that time (nine or
  ten years ago); because I made a stand in my native town for municipal
  ownership of public utilities; I  was branded a 〃red…shirt;〃 a  〃dynamiter;〃
  and   an   〃anarchist〃;   and   really   decent   fellows;   who   liked   me   very   well;
  drew the line at my appearing in public with their sisters。
  But the times changed。 There came a day when I heard; in my native
  town;   a   Republican   mayor   publicly   proclaim   that   〃municipal   ownership
  was a fixed American policy。〃 And in that day I found myself picking up
  in   the   world。   No   longer   did   the   pathologist   study   me;   while   the   really
  decent fellows did not mind in the least the propinquity of myself and their
  sisters in the public eye。 My political and sociological ideas were ascribed
  to the vagaries of youth; and good…natured elderly men patronized me and
  told    me   that   I  would    grow    up   some     day   and   become      an  unusually
  intelligent   member   of   the   community。 Also   they   told   me   that   my   views
  were     biassed    by  my    empty    pockets;    and   that   some    day;   when    I  had
  gathered   to   me   a   few   dollars;   my   views   would   be   wholly   different;in
  short; that my views would be their views。
  And then came the day when my socialism grew respectable;still a
  vagary  of   youth;   it   was   held;  but   romantically   respectable。   Romance;   to
  the bourgeois mind; was respectable because it was not dangerous。 As a
  〃red…shirt;〃   with   bombs   in   all   his   pockets;   I   was   dangerous。 As   a   youth
  with nothing more menacing than a few philosophical ideas; Germanic in
  their origin; I was an interesting and pleasing personality。
  Through all this experience I noted one thing。 It was not I that changed;
  but   the   community。   In   fact;   my   socialistic   views   grew   solider   and   more
  pronounced。   I      repeat;   it  was   the  community   that      changed;   and    to  my
  chagrin I discovered that the community changed to such purpose that it
  was not   above   stealing   my  thunder。 The   community  branded   me   a   〃red…
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  shirt〃 because I stood for municipal ownership; a little later it applauded
  its   mayor     when     he    proclaimed      municipal      ownership      to   be   a  fixed
  American policy。 He stole my thunder; and the community applauded the
  theft。 And today the community is able to come around and give me points
  on municipal ownership。
  What   happened   to   me   has   been   in   no   wise   different   from   what   has
  happened to the socialist movement as a whole in the United States。 In the
  bourgeois mind socialism has changed from a terrible disease to a youthful
  vagary;     and   later   on   had   its  thunder    stolen    by  the   two    old  parties;
  socialism;   like   a   meek   and   thrifty   workingman;   being   exploited   became
  respectable。
  Only dangerous things are abhorrent。 The thing that is not dangerous is
  always respectable。 And so with socialism in the United States。 For several
  years it has been very respectable;a sweet and beautiful Utopian dream;
  in   the   bourgeois   mind;   yet   a   dream;   only   a   dream。   During   this   period;
  which has just ended; socialism was tolerated because it was impossible
  and     non…menacing。        Much      of   its  thunder     had   been     stolen;   and    the
  workingmen         had   been    made     happy    with    full  dinner…pails。     There    was
  nothing to fear。 The kind old world spun on; coupons were clipped; and
  larger profits than ever were extracted from the toilers。 Coupon…clipping
  and    profit…extracting      would     continue     to  the  end    of  time。   These     were
  functions divine  in origin   and held by divine  right。 The  newspapers;  the
  preachers; and the college presidents said so; and what they say; of course;
  is soto the bourgeois mind。
  Then came the presidential election of 1904。 Like a bolt out of a clear
  sky was the socialist vote of 435;000;an increase of nearly 400 per cent
  in   four   years;   the   largest   third…party   vote;   with   one   exception;   since   the
  Civil   War。     Socialism   had     shown   that    it   was  a   very   live   and  growing
  revolutionary force; and all its old menace revived。 I am afraid that neither
  it   nor   I   are   any   longer   respectable。   The   capitalist   press   of   the   country
  confirms      me    in  my    opinion;    and   herewith     I  give   a  few   post…election
  utterances of the capitalist press:…
  〃The     Democratic      party    of  the   constitution     is  dead。    The    Social…
  Democratic   party   of   continental   Europe;   preaching   discontent   and   class
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  hatred;     assailing    law;   property;    and    personal    rights;   and    insinuating
  confiscation and plunder; is here。〃Chicago Chronicle。
  〃That over forty thousand votes should have been cast in this city to
  make such a person as Eugene V。 Debs the President of the United States
  is   about   the   worst    kind   of  advertising     that  Chicago     could    receive。〃
  Chicago Inter…Ocean。
  〃We cannot blink the fact that socialism is making rapid growth in this
  country; where; of all others; there would seem to be less inspiration for
  it。〃Brooklyn Daily Eagle。
  〃Upon the hands of the Republican party an awful responsibility was
  placed last Tuesday。 。 。 It knows that reformsgreat; far…sweeping reforms…
  …are    necessary;     and   it  has   the  power     to   make    them。    God    help    our
  civilization if it does not! 。 。 。 It must repress the trusts or stand before the
  world   responsible   for   our   system   of   government   being   changed   into   a
  social    republic。    The    arbitrary   cutting    down    of   wages    must    cease;   or
  socialism will seize another lever to lift itself into power。〃The Chicago
  New World。
  〃Scarcely any phase of the election is more sinisterly interesting than
  the increase in the socialist vote。 Before election we said that we could not
  afford   to   give   aid   and   comfort    to   the   socialists  in  any   manner。    。   。  It
  (socialism) must be fought in all its phases; in its every manifestation。〃
  San Francisco Argonaut。
  And   far   be   it   from   me   to   deny   that   socialism  is   a   menace。   It   is   its
  purpose      to  wipe    out;   root  and    branch;    all  capitalistic   institutions    of
  present…day society。 It is distinctly revolutionary; and in scope and depth is
  vastly more tremendous than any revolution that has ever occurred in the
  history of the world。 It presents a new spectacle to the astonished world;
  that    of   an    ORGANIZED;           INTERNATIONAL;              REVOLUTIONARY
  MOVEMENT。   In   the   bourgeois   mind   a   class   struggle   is   a   terrible   and
  hateful   thing;   and   yet   that   is   precisely   what   socialism   is;a   world…wide
  class struggle between the propertyless workers and the propertied masters
  of workers。 It is the prime preachment of socialism that the struggle is a
  class struggle。 The   working class;  in the   process   of   social   evolution;   (in
  the    very   nature   of   things);   is  bound    to  revolt   from    the   sway    of  the
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  capitalist class and to overthrow the capitalist class。 This is the menace of
  socialism;   and   in   affirming   it   and   in   tallying   myself   an   adherent   of   it;   I
  accept my own consequent unrespectability。
  As yet; to the average bourgeois mind; socialism is merely a menace;
  vague and formless。 The average member of the capitalist class; when he
  discusses socialism; is condemned an ignoramus out of his own mouth。 He
  does not know the literature of socialism; its philosophy; nor its politics。
  He wags his head sagely and rat