第 90 节
作者:开了      更新:2021-02-18 23:01      字数:9312
  witnesses。)  …  Decrees and proclamations regarding the protection
  of the forests; November 3 and December 11; 1789。   …  Another in
  October; 1790。   …  Another June 29; 1791。
  '55' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3219。  Letter of the bailli de
  Virieu; January 26; 1792。
  '56' Mercure de France; December 3; 1791。  (Letter from Sarreluis;
  November 15; 1791。)  …  〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3223。  Letter of
  the Municipal Officers of Montargis。  January 8; 1792。
  '57' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3268。  Letter of the overseer of the
  national domains at Rambouillet; October 31; 1792。   …  Report of
  the minister Clavières; February 1。  1793。
  '58' Decrees of August 14; 1792; June 10; 1793。   …  〃 Archives
  Nationales;〃 Missions des Représentants; D; § 7。  (Deliberation of
  the district of Troyes; 2 Ventose; an。  III。)  …  At Thunelières;
  the drawing took place on the 10th Fructidor; year II; and was done
  over again in behalf of a servant of Billy; an influential municipal
  officer who 〃was the soul of his colleagues。〃  …  Ibid。  Abstract of
  operations in the district of Arcis…sur…Aube; 30 Pluviose; year III。
  〃Two…thirds of the communes hold this kind of property。  Most of
  them have voted on and effected the partition; or are actually
  engaged on it。
  '59' Mercure de France; January 7; 1790。  (Chateau of Auxon in
  Haute…Saone。)  …  〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3255。  (Letter of the
  minister to the Directory of Rhone…et…Loire; July 2; 1790。)  …
  Mercure de France; July 17; 1790。  (Report of M。 de Broglie; July
  13; and decree of July 13…18。)  … 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H; 1453。
  (Correspondence of M。 de Bercheny; July 21; 1790。)
  '60' Mercure de France; March 19; 1790。  Letter from Amien; February
  28。  (Mallet du Pan publishes in the Mercure only letters which are
  signed and authentic。)
  '61' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105。  (Correspondence of M。 de
  Thiard; letters of Chevalier de Bévy; December 26; 1789; and others
  up to April 5; 1790。)  …  Moniteur; sitting of February 9; 1790。   …
  Mercure de France; February 6 and March 6; 1790 (list of chateaux)。
  '62' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105。  (correspondence of M。 de
  Thiard。) Letters of the Mayor of Nantes; February 16; !790; of the
  Municipality of Redon; February 19; etc。
  '63' Mercure de France; February 6 and 27; 1790。  (Speech of M。 de
  Foucault; sittings of February 2 and 5)  …  Moniteur (same dates)。
  (Report of Grégoire; February 9; speeches by MM。 Sallé de Chaux and
  de Noailles; February 9。)  …  Memorandum of the deputies of the town
  of Tulle; drawn up by the Abbé Morellet (from the deliberations and
  addresses of eighty…three boroughs and cities in the province)。
  '64' In allusion to the feudal custom of paying seignorial dues on
  the first of May around a maypole。  See further on。  'TR'
  '65' Criminal Courts without appeal。…'TR。)
  '66' Moniteur; sitting of March 4; 1790。   …  Duvergier; decrees of
  March 6; 1790; and August 6…10 1790
  '67' The address is dated February 11; 1793。  This singularly comic
  document would alone suffice to make the history of the Revolution
  perfectly comprehensible。
  '68' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3203。  (Letters of the royal
  commissioner; April 30 and May 9; 1790。)  …  Letter of the Duc de
  Maillé; May 6。   …  Report from the administrators of the
  department; November 12; 1790。   …  Moniteur VI。  515。
  '69' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3225。  Letter of the Directory from
  Ille…et…Vilaine; January 30; 1791; and letter from Dinan; January 29
  …  Mercure de France; April 2 and 16; 1791。  Letters from Rennes;
  March 20th; from Redon; March 12。
  '70' So expressed in the minutes of the meeting。
  '71' Moniteur; sitting of December 15; 1790。  (Address of the
  department of Lot; December 7。)  …  Sitting of December 20 (Speech
  by M。 de Foucault。)  …  Mercure de France; December 18; 1790。
  (Letter from Belves; in Perigord; December 7。)  …  Ibid。; January
  22; 29; 1791。  (Letter from M。 de Clarac; January 18。)
  '72' December 17; 1790。
  '73' January 7; 1791。
  '74' Revolutionary archives of the department of Creuse; by Duval。
  (Letter of the administrators of the department; March 31; 1791。)  …
  〃 Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3209。  (Deliberation of the Directory of
  the Department; May 12; 1791  …  Minutes of the meeting of the
  municipality of La Souterraine; August 23; 1791。)
  '75' 〃Archives Nationales〃; F7; 3269。  … Order of the directory of
  the district of Ribérac; August 5; 1791; and requisitions of the
  prosecuting attorney of the department; August 24; and September 11。
  … Letter of the king's commissioner; August 22。
  '76' A sort of export duty。…'TR。'
  '77' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 P7; 3204。   …  Letter; from the
  Directory of the Department; June 2; 1791; September 8 and 22。  …
  Letter from the Minister of Justice; May 15; 1791。  …  Letter from
  M。 de Lentilhac; September 2。   …  Letter from M。 Melon…Padon; Royal
  Commissioner; September。   …  Mercure de France; May 14; 1791。
  (Letter of an eye…witness; M。de Loyac; April 25; 1791。)
  '78' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7。  3204。  Letters from M。 de Saint…
  Victour; September 25; October 2 and 10; 1791。  …  Letter from the
  steward of his estate; September 18。
  CHAPTER III。  Development of the ruling Passion。
  I。  Attitude of the nobles。  Their moderate resistance。
  IF popular passion ended in murder it was not because resistance was
  great or violent。  On the contrary; never did an aristocracy undergo
  dispossession with so much patience; or employ less force in the
  defense of its prerogatives; or even of its property。  To speak with
  exactness; the class in question receives blows without returning
  them; and when it does take up arms; it is always with the bourgeois
  and the National Guard; at the request of the magistrates; in
  conformity with the law; and for the protection of persons and
  property。  The nobles try to avoid being either killed or robbed;
  nothing more: for nearly three years they raise no political banner。
  In the towns where they exert the most influence and which are
  denounced as rebellious; for ex…ample in Mende and Arles; their
  opposition is limited to the suppression of riots; the restraining
  of the common people; and ensuring respect for the law; It is not
  the new order of things against which they conspire; but against
  brutal disorder。 … At Mende;〃 says the municipal body;'1' 〃we had
  the honor of being the first to furnish the contributions of 1790。
  We supplied the place of our bishop and installed his successor
  without disturbance; and without the assistance of any foreign force
  。  。  。  。  We dispersed the members of a cathedral body to which we
  were attached by the ties of blood and friendship; we dismissed all;
  from the bishop down to the children of the choir。  We had but three
  communities of mendicant monks; and all three have been suppressed。
  We have sold all national possessions without exception。〃  …  The
  commander of their gendarmerie is; in fact; an old member of the
  body…guard; while the superior officers of the National Guard are
  gentlemen; or belong to the order of Saint…Louis。  It is very
  evident that; if they defend themselves against Jacobins; they are
  not insurgent against the National Assembly。  …  In Arles;'2' which
  has put down its populace; which has armed itself; which has shut
  its gates; and which passes for a focus of royalist conspiracy; the
  commissioners sent by the King and by the National Assembly; men of
  discretion and of consideration; find nothing; after a month's
  investigation; but submission to the decrees and zeal for the public
  welfare。
  〃Such;〃 they say; 〃are the men who have been calumniated because;
  cherishing the Constitution; they hold fanaticism; demagogues and
  anarchy; in horror。  If the citizens had not roused themselves when
  the moment of danger arrived; they would have been slaughtered like
  their neighbors (of Avignon)。  It is this insurrection against crime
  which the brigands have slandered。〃 If their gates were shut it was
  because 〃the National Guard of Marseilles; the same which behaved so
  badly in the Comtat; flocked there under the pretext of maintaining
  liberty and of forestalling the counter…revolution; but; in reality;
  to village the town。〃
  Vive la Nation! Vive la Loi! Vive le Roi were the only cries heard
  at the very quiet and orderly elections that had just taken place。
  〃The attachment of the citizens to the Constitution has been spoken
  of。  。  。  。  Obedience to the laws; the readiest disposition to
  discharge public contributions; were remarked by us among these
  pretended counter…revolutionaries。  Those who are subject to the
  license…tax came in crowds to the H?tel…de…Ville。〃 Scarcely 〃was the
  bureau of receipts opened when it was filled with respectable
  people; those on the contrary who style themselves good patriots;
  republicans or anarchists; were not conspicuo