the　administration；　the　bench；　the　bar；　the　financial　system　and　the
  academies；　all　as　〃suspicious；〃　at　all　events　the　people　only　suffer
  on　their　account。
  〃The　Government　is　monopolizing　grain；　to　make　us　to　pay　through
  the　nose　for　a　poisonous　bread。〃
  The　Government；　again；　through　a　new　conspiracy　is　about　to　blockade
  Paris；　so　as　to　starve　it　with　greater　ease。　　Utterances　of　this
  kind；　at　such　a　time；　are　firebrands　thrown　upon　fear　and　hunger　to
  kindle　the　flames　of　rage　and　cruelty。　　To　this　frightened　and
  fasting　crowd　the　agitators　and　newspaper　writers　continue　to　repeat
  that　it　must　act；　and　act　alongside　of　the　authorities；　and；　if　need
  be；　against　them。　　In　other　words；　We　will　do　as　we　please；　we　are
  the　sole　legitimate　masters；
  〃in　a　well…constituted　government；　the　people　as　a　body　are　the　real
  sovereign：　our　delegates　are　appointed　only　to　execute　our　orders　；
  what　right　has　the　clay　to　rebel　against　the　potter？〃
  On　the　strength　of　such　principles；　the　tumultuous　club　which
  occupies　the　Palais…Royal　substitutes　itself　for　the　Assembly　at
  Versailles。　　Has　it　not　all　the　titles　for　this　office？　The　Palais…
  Royal　〃saved　the　nation〃　on　the　12th　and　13th　of　July。　　The　Palais…
  Royal；　〃through　its　spokesmen　and　pamphlets；〃　has　made　everybody　and
  even　the　soldiers　〃philosophers。〃　It　is　the　house　of　patriotism；
  〃the　rendezvous　of　the　select　among　the　patriotic；〃　whether
  provincials　or　Parisians；　of　all　who　possess　the　right　of　suffrage；
  and　who　cannot　or　will　not　exercise　it　in　their　own　district。　　〃It
  saves　time　to　come　to　the　Palais…Royal。　　There　is　no　need　there　of
  appealing　to　the　President　for　the　right　to　speak；　or　to　wait　one's
  time　for　a　couple　of　hours。　　The　orator　proposes　his　motion；　and；　if
  it　finds　supporters；　mounts　a　chair。　　If　he　is　applauded；　it　is　put
  into　proper　shape。　　If　he　is　hissed；　he　goes　away。　　This　was　the　way
  of　the　Romans。〃　Behold　the　veritable　National　Assembly　！　It　is
  superior　to　the　other　semi…feudal　affair；　encumbered　with　〃six
  hundred　deputies　of　the　clergy　and　nobility；〃　who　are　so　many
  intruders　and　who　〃should　be　sent　out　into　the　galleries。〃　　Hence
  the　pure　Assembly　rules　the　impure　Assembly；　and　〃the　Café　Foy　lays
  claim　to　the　government　of　France。〃
  IV。
  Intervention　by　the　popular　leaders　with　the　Government。　　…　Their
  pressure　on　the　Assembly。
  On　the　30th　of　July；　the　harlequin　who　led　the　insurrection　at　Rouen
  having　been　arrested；　〃it　is　openly　proposed　at　the　Palais　Royal＇22＇
  to　go　in　a　body　and　demand　his　release。〃　　　On　the　1st　of　August；
  Thouret；　whom　the　moderate　party　of　the　Assembly　have　just　made
  President；　is　obliged　to　resign；　the　Palais…Royal　threatens　to　send
  a　band　and　murder　him　along　with　those　who　voted　for　him；　and　lists
  of　proscriptions；　in　which　several　of　the　deputies　are　inscribed；
  begin　to　be　circulated。　　　From　this　time　forth；　on　all　great
  questions…the　abolition　of　the　feudal　system；　the　suppression　of
  tithes；　a　declaration　of　the　rights　of　man；　the　dispute　about　the
  Chambers；　the　King's　power　of　veto；＇23＇　the　pressure　from　without
  inclines　the　balance：　in　this　way　the　Declaration　of　Rights；　which
  is　rejected　in　secret　session　by　twenty…eight　bureaus　out　of　thirty；
  is　forced　through　by　the　tribunes　in　a　public　sitting　and　passed　by
  a　majority。　　　Just　as　before　the　14th　of　July；　and　to　a　still
  greater　extent；　two　kinds　of　compulsion　influence　the　votes；　and　it
  is　always　the　ruling　faction　which　employs　both　its　hands　to
  throttle　its　opponents。　　On　the　one　hand　this　faction　takes　post　on
  the　galleries　in　knots　composed　nearly　always　of　the　same　persons；
  〃five　or　six　hundred　permanent　actors；〃　who　yell　according　to
  understood　signals　and　at　the　word　of　command。＇24＇　　Many　of　these
  are　French　Guards；　in　civilian　clothes；　and　who　relieve　each　other：
  previously　they　have　asked　of　their　favorite　deputy　〃at　what　hour
  they　must　come；　whether　all　goes　on　well；　and　whether　he　is
  satisfied　with　those　fools　of　parsons　（calotins）　and　the
  aristocrats。〃　Others　consist　of　low　women　under　the　command　of
  Théroigne　de　Méricourt；　a　virago　courtesan；　who　assigns　them　their
  positions　and　gives　them　the　signal　for　hooting　or　for　applause。
  Publicly　and　in　full　session；　on　the　occasion　of　the　debate　on　the
  veto；　〃the　deputies　are　applauded　or　insulted　by　the　galleries
  according　as　they　utter　the　word　'suspensive；'　or　the　word
  'indefinite。'　〃　　〃Threats；〃　（says　one　of　them）　〃circulated；　I　heard
  them　on　all　sides　around　me。〃　These　threats　are　repeated　on　going
  out：　〃Valets　dismissed　by　their　masters；　deserters；　and　women　in
  rags；〃　threaten　the　refractory　with　the　lamp　post；　〃and　thrust　their
  fists　in　their　faces。　　In　the　hall　itself；　and　much　more　accurately
  than　before　the　14th　of　July；　their　names　are　taken　down；　and　the
  lists；　handed　over　to　the　populace；〃　travel　to　the　Palais…Royal；
  from　where　they　are　dispatched　in　correspondence　and　in　newspapers
  to　the　provinces。＇25＇　　…　　Thus　we　see　the　second　means　of
  compulsion；　each　deputy　is　answerable　for　his　vote；　at　Paris；　with
  his　own　life；　and；　in　the　province；　with　those　of　his　family。
  Members　of　the　former　Third…Estate　avow　that　they　abandon　the　idea
  of　two　Chambers；　because　〃they　are　not　disposed　to　get　their　wives'
  and　children's　throats　cut。〃　On　the　30th　of　August；　Saint…Hurugue；
  the　most　noisy　of　the　Palais…Royal　barkers；　marches　off　to
  Versailles；　at　the　head　of　1；500　men；　to　complete　the　conversion　of
  the　Assembly。　　This　garden　club　indeed；　from　the　heights　of　its
  great　learning；　integrity；　and　immaculate　reputation；　decides　that
  the　ignorant；　corrupt；　and　doubtful　deputies　must　be　got　rid　of。〃
  That　they　are　such　cannot　be　questioned；　because　they　defend　the
  royal　sanction；　there　are　over　600　and　more；　120　are　deputies　of　the
  communes；　who　must　be　expelled　to　begin　with；　and　then　must　be
  brought　to　judgment。＇26＇　　In　the　meantime　they　are　informed；　as　well
  as　the　Bishop　of　Langres；　President　of　the　National　Assembly；　that
  〃15；000　men　are　ready　to　light　up　their　chateaux　and　in　particular
  yours；　sir。〃　To　avoid　all　mistake；　the　secretaries　of　the　Assembly
  are　informed　in　writing　that　〃　2；000　letters〃　will　be　sent　into　the
  provinces　to　denounce　to　the　people　the　conduct　of　the　malignant
  deputies：　〃Your　houses　are　held　as　a　surety　for　your　opinions：　keep
  this　in　mind；　and　save　yourselves　！〃　At　last；　on　the　morning　of　the
  1st　of　August；　five　deputations　from　the　Palais…Royal；　one　of　them
  led　by　Loustalot；　march　in　turn　to　the　H？tel…de…Ville；　insisting
  that　the　drums　should　be　beaten　and　the　citizens　be　called　together
  for　the　purpose　of　changing　the　deputies；　or　their　instructions；　and
  of　ordering　the　National　Assembly　to　suspend　its　discussion　on　the
  veto　until　the　districts　and　provinces　could　give　expression　to
  their　will：　the　people；　in　effect；　alone　being　sovereign；　and　alone
  competent；　always　has　the　right　to　dismiss　or　instruct　anew　its
  servants；　the　deputies。　　On　the　following　day；　August　2nd；　to　make
  matters　plainer；　new　delegates　from　the　same　Palais…Royal　suit
  gestures　to　words；　they　place　two　fingers　on　their　throats；　on　being
  introduced　before　the　representatives　of　the　commune；　as　a　hint
  that；　if　the　latter　do　not　obey；　they　will　be　hung。
  After　this　it　is　vain　for　the　National　Assembly　to　make　any　show　of
  indignation；　to　declare　that　it　despises　threats；　and　to　protest　its
  independence；　the　impression　is　already　produced。　　〃More　than　300
  members　of　the　communes；〃　says　Mounier；　〃had　decided　to　support　the
  absolute　veto。〃　At　the　end　of　ten　days　most　of　these　had　gone　over；
  several　of　them　through　attachment　to　the　King；　because　they　were
  afraid　of　〃a　general　uprising；〃　and　〃were　not　willing　to　jeopardize
  the　lives　of　the　royal　family。〃　But　concessions　like　these　only
  provoke　fresh　extortions。　　The　politicians　of　the　street　now　know　by
  experience　the　effect　of　brutal　violence　on　legal　authority。
  Emboldened　by　success　and　by　impunity；　they　reckon　up　their　strength
  and　the　weakness　of　the　latter。　　One　blow　more；　and　they　are
  undisputed　masters。　　Besides；　the　issue　is　already　apparent　to
  clear…sighted　men。　　When　the　agitators　of　the　public　thoroughfares；
  and　the　porters　at　the　street…corners；　convinced　of　their　superior
  wisdom；　impose　decrees　by　the　strength　of　their　lungs；　of　their
  fists；　and　of　their　pikes；　at　that　moment　experience；　knowledge；
  good　sense；　cool…blood；　genius；　and　judgment；　disappear　from　human
  affairs；　and　things　revert　back　to　chaos。　　Mirabeau；　in　favor　of　the
  veto　for　life；　saw　the　crowd　imploring　him　with　tears　in　their　eyes
  to　change　his　opinion　：
  〃Monsieur　le　Comte；　if　the　King　obtains　this　veto；　what　will　be　the
  use　of　a　National　Assembly？　We　shall　all　be　slaves　〃＇27＇
  Outbursts　of　this　description　are　not　to　be　resisted；　and　all　is
  lost。　　Already；　near　the　end　of　September；　the　remark　applies　which
  Mirabeau　makes　to　the　Comte　de　la　Marck：
  〃Yes；　all　is