useless；　a　Paper　of　Directions　in　case　of　a　certain　event：　〃I　march　to…morrow　against　the　Russians：　as　the　events　of　War　may　lead　to　all　sorts　of　accidents；　and　it　may　easily　happen　to　me　to　be　killed；　I　have　thought　it　my　duty　to　let　you　know　what　my　plans　were；〃　and　what　you　are　to　do　in　that　event；〃the　rather　as　you　are　Guardian　of　our　Nephew　＇late　Prince　of　Prussia's　Son＇　with　an　unlimited　authority。〃　Oath　from　all　the　armies　the　instant　I　am　killed：　rapid；　active；　as　ever；　the　enemy　not　to　notice　that　there　is　any　change　in　the　command。　I　intend　to　〃beat　the　Russians　utterly　＇A　PLATE　COUTURE；　splay…seam＇；　if　it　be　possible；〃　then　to　&c。：　gives　you　his　〃itinerary；〃　too；　or　probable　address；　till　〃the　25th〃　（notably　enough）；　in　short；　forgets　nothing　useful；　nor　remembers　anything　that　is　not；　in　spite　of　his　hurry。　＇〃DISPOSITION　TESTAMENTAIRE〃　（so　they　have　labelled　it）；　given　in　　OEuvres；　　iv。　（APPENDICE）　261；　262。　Friedrich's　TESTAMENT　proper　is　already　made；　and　all　in　order；　years　ago　（〃11th　January　1752〃）：　of　this　there　followed　Two　new　Redactions　（new　EDITIONS　with　slight　improvements；　〃7th　November；　1768；〃　and　〃8th　January；　1769〃　the　FINALLY　valid　one）；　and　various　Supplements；　or　summary　Enforcements　（as　here）；　at　different　times　of　crisis。　see　PREUSS；　iv。　277；　401；　and　　OEuvres　de　Frederic；　　vi。　p。　13　（of　Preface）；　for　some　confused　account　of　that　matter。＇　For　Mlnlster　Finck　also　there　went　a　Paper；　seal　lzot　needing　to　be　opened　for　the　moment。
  With　Margraf　Karl；　and　Fouquet　under　him；　who　are　to　guard　Silesia；　he　leaves　in　two　Divisions　about　Half　the　late　Olmutz　Army：added　to　the　other　force；　this　will　make　about　40；000　for　that　service。　＇Stenzel；　v。　163。＇　Keith　has　the　chief　command　here；　but　is　ordered　to　Breslau；　in　the　mean　time；　for　a　little　rest　and　recovery　of　health。　Friday；　11th　August；　Friedrich　himself；　with　the　other　Half；　pushes　off　towards　Fermor　and　the　Cossack　demons；　through　Liegnitz；　through　Hohenfriedberg　Country；　straight　for　Frankfurt；　with　his　best　speed。
  Chapter　XIII。
  BATTLE　OF　ZORNDORF。
  Sunday；　20th　August；　Friedrich；　with　his　small　Army；　hardly　above　15；000　I　should　guess；　arrived　at　Frankfurt…on…Oder：　〃his　Majesty；〃　it　seems；　〃lodged　in　the　Lebus　Suburb；　in　the　house　of　a　Clergyman's　Widow；　and　was　observed　to　go　often　out　of　doors；　and　listen　to　the　cannonading；　which　was　going　on　at　Custrin。〃　＇Rodenbeck；　i。　347。＇　From　Landshut　hither；　he　has　come　in　nine　days；　the　swiftest　marching；　a　fiery　spur　of　indignation　being　upon　all　his　men　and　him；　for　the　last　two　days　fierier　than　ever；　longing　all　to　have　a　blow　at　those　incendiary　Russian　gentlemen。　Five　days　ago；　the　Russians；　attempting　blindly　on　the　Garrison　of　Custrin；　had　burnt；nothing　of　the　Garrison　at　all；but　the　poor　little　Town　altogether。　Which　has　filled　everybody　with　lamentation　and　horror。　And；　listen　yonder；　they　are　still　busy　on　the　solitary　Garrison　of　Custrin；audible　enough　to　Friedrich　from　his　northern　or　Lebus　Suburb；　which　lies　nearest　the　place；　at　a　distance　of　some　twenty　miles。
  Of　Fermor's　red…hot　savagery　on　Custrin；　it　is　lamentably　necessary　we　should　say　something：　to　say　much　would　he　a　waste　of　record；　as　the　thing　itself　was　a　waste　of　powder。　A　thing　hideous　to　think　of；　without　the　least　profit　to　Fermor；　but　with　total　ruin　to　all　the　inhabitants；　and　to　the　many　strangers　who　had　sought　refuge　there。　One　interior　circumstance　is　memorable　and　lucky　to　us。　Artillery…Captain　Tielcke　happened　to　be　with　these　people；　had　come　in　the　train　of　〃two　Saxon　Princes；　serving　as　volunteers；〃　and；　with　a　singular　lucidity；　and　faithful　good　sense；　not　scientific　alone；　he　illuminates　these　biack　Russian　matters　for　such　as　have　to　do　with　them。
  Tielcke's　Book　of　　Contributions　to　the　Art　of　War　　＇　Beytrage　zur　Kriege…Kunst　und　（ZUR）　Geschichte　des　Krieges　von　1756　bis　1763　　（six　thin　vols。　4to；　with　many　Plates）；　cited　above。＇　is　still　in　repute　with　Soldiers；　especially　in　the　Artillery　line；　and　indeed　shows　a　sound　geometrical　head；　and　contains　bits　of　excellent　Historical　reading　interspersed　among　the　scientific　parts。　This　Tielcke；　it　appears；　was　a　common　foot…soldier；　one　of　those　Pirna　14；000　made　Prussian　against　their　will；　but　Tielcke　had　a　milkmaid　for　sweetheart　in　those　regions；　who；　good　soul；　gave　him　her　generous　farewell；　a　suit　of　her　clothes；　perhaps　a　pair　of　her　pails；　and　in　that　guise　he　walked　out　of　bondage。　Clear　away；　to　Warsaw；　to　favor　with　the　King　and　others　（being　of　real　merit；　an　excellent；　studious；　modest　little　man）；　and　here　he　now　reappears；　in　a　higher　capacity；　as　articulate　Eye…witness　of　the　Custrin　Business　and　the　Zorndorf；　among　much　other　Russian　darkness；　which　shall　remain　comfortably　blank　to　us。
  Up　to　Custrin；　the　Journal　of　the　Operations　of　the　Russian　Army；　which　I　could　give　from　day　to　day；　＇〃TAGEBUCH　BEYDER　&c。　（Diary　of　both　Armies　from　the　beginning　of　the　Campaign　till　Zorndorf〃）；　in　Tielcke；　ii。　1…75；　Tempelhof；　ii。　136；　216…224；　　Helden…　Geschichte；　　v。；　&c。　&c。＇　is　of　no　interest　except　to　the　Nether　Powers　of　this　Universe；　the　Russian　Operations　hitherto　having　consisted　in　slow　marches；　sluttish　cookeries；　cantonings；　bivouackings；　with　destruction　of　a　poor　innocent　Country；　and　arson；　theft　and　murder　done　on　the　great　scale　by　inhuman　vagabonds；　Cossacks　so　called；　not　tempered　on　this　occasion　by　the　mercy　of　Calmucks。　The　regular　Russian　Army；　it　appears；　participates　in　the　common　horror　of　mankind　against　such　a　method　of　making　war；　but　neither　Feldmarschall　Fermor；　nor　General　Demikof　（properly　THEMICOUD；　a　Swiss；　deserving　little　thanks　from　us；　who　has　taken　in　hand　to　command　these　Missionaries　of　the　Pit）；　can　help　the　results　above　described。　Which　are　justly　characterized　as　abominable；　to　gods　and　men；　and　not　fit　to　be　recorded　in　human　Annals；　execration；　and；　if　it　were　possible；　oblivion；　being　the　human　resource　with　them。；　The　Russian　Officers；　it　seems；　despise　tbis　Cossack　rabble　incredibly；　for　their　fighting　qualities　withal　are　close　on　zero；　though　their　talent　for　arson　and　murder　is　so　considerable。　And　contrariwise；　the　Cossacks；　for　their　part；　have　no　objection　to　plunder；　or　even；　if　obstreperous；　to　kill；　any　regular　Officer　they　may　meet　unescorted　in　a　good　place。　Their　talent　for　arson　is　great。　They　do　uncountable　damage　to　the　Army　itself；　provoking　all　the　Country　people　to　destroy　by　fire　what　could　be　eaten　or　used；　the　foraging；　food　and　equipments　of　horse　and　man；　so　that　horse　and　man　have　to　be　fed　by　victual　carted　hundreds　of　miles　out　of　Poland；　and　the　Russian　Army　sticks；　as　it　were；　tethered　with　a　welter　of　broken　porridge…pots　and　rent　meal…bags　hung　to　every　foot　it　has。
  East　Preussen　is　quiet　from　the　storms　of　War；　holds　its　tongue　well；　and　hopes　better　days：　but　the　Russians　themselves　are　little　the　better　for　it；　a　country　so　lately　burned　bare；　they　are　merely　flung　so　many　scores　of　miles　forward；　farther　from　home　and　their　real　resources；　before　they　can　begin　work；　They　have　no　port　on　the　Baltic：　poor　blockheads；　they　are　aware　how　desirable；　for　instance；　Dantzig　would　be；　to　help　feeding　them　out　of　ships；　but　the　Dantzigers　won't。　Colberg；　a　poor　little　place；　with　only　700　militia　people　in　it；　would　be　of　immense　service　to　them　as　a　sea…haven：　but　even　this　they　have　not　yet　tried　to　get；　and　after　trying；　they　will　find　it　a　job。　〃Why　not　unite　with　the　Swedes　and　take　Stettin　（the　finest　harbor　in　the　Baltic）；　which　would　bring　Russia；　by　ships；　to　your　very　hand？〃　This　is　what　Montalembert　is　urgent　upon；　year　after　year；　to　the　point　of　wearying　everybody；　but　he　can　get　no　official　soul　to　pay　heed　to　him；the　difficulties　are　so　considerable。　〃Swedes；　what　are　they？〃　say　the　Russians：　〃Russians　what？〃　say　the　Swedes。　〃Sweden　would　be　so　handy　for　the　Artilleries；〃　urges　Montalembert；　〃Russians　for　the　Soldiery；　or　covering　and　fighting　part。〃〃Can't　be　done！〃　Officiality　shakes　its　head：　and　Montalembert　is　obliged　to　be　silent。
  The　Russians　have　got　into　the　Neumark　of　Brandenburg；　on　those　bad　terms；　and　are　clearly　aware　that；　without　some　Fortress　as　a　Place　of　Arms；　they　are　an　overgrown　Incompetency　and　Monstrosity　in　the　field　of　War；　doing　much　destruction；　most　of　which　proves　self…　destructive　before　long。　But　how　help　it？　If　the　carrying　of　meal　so　far　be　difficult　what　will　the　carrying　of　siege…furniture　be？　A　flat　impossibility。　Fermor；　aware　of　these　facts；　remembers　what　happened　at　Oczakow；long　ago；　in　our　presence；　and　Keith's　and　Munnich's；　if　the　reader　have　not　quite　forgot。　Munnich；　on　that　occasion；　took　Oczakow　without　any　siege…furniture　whatever；　by　boldly　marching　up　to　it；　nothing　but　audacity　and　good　luck　on　his　side。　Fermor　determines　to　try　Custrin　in　the　like　way；if　peradventure　Prussian　soldiery　be　like　Turk？
  Fermor　rose　from　Posen　August　2d；　almost　three　weeks　ago；　making　daily　for　the　Neumark　and　those　unfortunate　Oder　Countries；　nobody　but　Dohna　to　oppose　him；Dohna　in　the　ratio　of　perhaps　one　against　four。　Dohna　naturally　laid　hold　of　Frankfurt　and　the　Oder　Bridge；　so　that　Fermor　could　not　cross　there；　wh