第 28 节
作者:莫莫言      更新:2022-08-21 16:32      字数:9322
  palpable; historic; present。        To them the degraded Koreish of the desert;
  who as they believed; and I think believed rightly; had fallen from the old
  Monotheism   of   their      forefathers   Abraham   and   Ismael;      into   the   lowest
  fetishism;   and   with   that   into   the   lowest   brutality   and   wretchednessto
  them;    while    they   were   making     idols  of  wood    and   stone;   eating   dead
  carcases; and burying their daughters alive; careless of chastity; of justice;
  of property; sunk in unnatural crimes; dead in trespasses and sins; hateful
  and hating one anothera man; one of their own people had come; saying:
  〃I have a message from the one righteous God。                 His curse is on all this;
  for it is unlike Himself。       He will have you righteous men; after the pattern
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  of your forefather Abraham。           Be that; and arise; body; soul; and spirit; out
  of   your   savagery   and   brutishness。       Then   you   shall   be   able   to   trample
  under   font   the   profligate   idolaters;   to   sweep   the   Greek   tyrants   from   the
  land   which   they   have   been   oppressing   for   centuries;   and   to   recover   the
  East   for   its   rightful   heirs;   the   children   of   Abraham。〃  Was   this   not;   in
  every     sense;   a  message     from    God?     I   must    deny   the   philosophy     of
  Clement and Augustine; I must deny my own conscience; my own reason;
  I must outrage my own moral sense; and confess that I have no immutable
  standard of right; that I know no eternal source of right; if I deny it to have
  been one; if I deny what seems to me the palpable historic fact; that those
  wild Koreish had in them a reason and a conscience; which could awaken
  to    that   message;     and    perceive    its   boundless     beauty;    its  boundless
  importance;   and   that   they   did   accept   that   message;   and   lived   by   it   in
  proportion as they received it fully; such lives as no men in those times;
  and few in after times; have been able to live。              If I feel; as I do feel; that
  Abubekr; Omar; Abu Obeidah; and Amrou; were better men than I am; I
  must throw away all that Philoall that a Higher authorityhas taught me:
  or I must attribute their lofty virtues to the one source of all in man which
  is not selfishness; and fancy; and fury; and blindness as of the beasts which
  perish。
  Why; then; has Islamism become one of the most patent and complete
  failures   upon   earth;   if   the   true   test   of   a   system's   success   be   the   gradual
  progress and amelioration of the human beings who are under its influence?
  First; I believe; from its allowing polygamy。              I do not judge Mohammed
  for having allowed it。         He found it one of the ancestral and immemorial
  customs   of   his   nation。    He   found   it   throughout   the   Hebrew   Scriptures。
  He found it in the case of Abraham; his ideal man; and; as he believed; the
  divinely…inspired   ancestor   of   his   race。     It   seemed   to   him   that   what   was
  right for Abraham; could not be wrong for an Arab。 God shall judge him;
  not I。    Moreover; the Christians of the East; divided into either monks or
  profligates; and with far lower and more brutal notions of the married state
  than were to be found in Arab poetry and legend; were the very last men
  on   earth   to   make   him   feel   the   eternal   and   divine   beauty   of   that   pure
  wedded love which Christianity has not only proclaimed; but commanded;
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  and thereby emancipated woman from her old slavery to the stronger sex。
  And I believe; from his chivalrous faithfulness to his good wife Kadijah;
  as long as she lived; that Mohammed was a man who could have accepted
  that great truth in all its fulness; had he but been taught it。               He certainly
  felt the evil of polyamy so strongly as to restrict it in every possible way;
  except the   only  right   waynamely;  the proclamation   of   the   true ideal of
  marriage。   But   his   ignorance;   mistake;   sin;   if   you   will;   was   a   deflection
  from   the   right   law;   from   the   true   constitution   of   man;   and   therefore   it
  avenged itself。       That chivalrous respect for woman; which was so strong
  in the early Mohammedans; died out。                 The women themselveswho; in
  the   first   few   years   of   Islamism;   rose   as   the   men   rose;   and   became   their
  helpmates;       counsellors;     and   fellow…warriorsdegenerated           rapidly    into
  mere   playthings。       I   need   not   enter   into   the   painful   subject   of   woman's
  present position in the East; and the social consequences thereof。                     But I
  firmly believe; not merely as a theory; but as a fact which may be proved
  by abundant evidence; that to polygamy alone is owing nine…tenths of the
  present decay and old age of every Mussulman nation; and that till it be
  utterly abolished; all Western civilisation and capital; and all the civil and
  religious liberty on earth; will not avail one jot toward their revival。                 You
  must regenerate the family before you can regenerate the nation; and the
  relation   of   husband   and   wife   before   the   family;   because;   as   long   as   the
  root is corrupt; the fruit will be corrupt also。
  But there is another cause of the failure of Islamism; more intimately
  connected with those metaphysical questions which we have been hitherto
  principally considering。
  Among the first Mussulmans; as I have said; there was generally the
  most   intense   belief   in   each   man   that   he   was   personally   under   a   divine
  guide and teacher。         But their creed contained nothing which could keep
  up    that   belief   in   the  minds     of   succeeding      generations。      They     had
  destroyed      the  good    with    the  evil;  and   they   paid    the  penalty    of  their
  undistinguishing        wrath。    In    sweeping      away    the   idolatries   and    fetish
  worships   of   the   Syrian   Catholics;   the   Mussulmans   had   swept   away   also
  that    doctrine    which    alone    can   deliver    men    from    idolatry   and    fetish
  worshipsif not outward and material ones; yet the still more subtle; and
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  therefore more dangerous idolatries of the intellect。             For they had swept
  away the belief in the Logos; in a divine teacher of every human soul; who
  was; in some mysterious way; the pattern and antitype of human virtue and
  wisdom。      And more; they had swept away that belief in the incarnation of
  the Logos; which alone can make man feel that his divine teacher is one
  who   can   enter   into   the   human   duties;   sorrows;   doubts;   of   each   human
  spirit。   And;  therefore;   when   Mohammed   and   his   personal   friends   were
  dead; the belief in a present divine teacher; on the whole; died with them;
  and the Mussulmans began to put the Koran in the place of Him of whom
  the Koran spoke。        They began to worship the bookwhich after all is not
  a book; but only an irregular collection of Mohammed's meditations; and
  notes   for   sermonswith   the   most   slavish   and   ridiculous   idolatry。   They
  fell into a cabbalism; and a superstitious reverence for the mere letters and
  words     of  the  Koran;    to  which    the  cabbalism     of  the   old  Rabbis    was
  moderate       and   rational。     They     surrounded      it;  and    the   history   of
  Mohammed; with all ridiculous myths; and prodigies; and lying wonders;
  whereof   the   book   itself   contained   not   a   word;   and   which   Mohammed;
  during his existence; had denied and repudiated; saying that he worked no
  miracles; and that none were needed; because only reason was required to
  show a man   the hand of   a good   God in all human affairs。  Nevertheless;
  these later Mussulmans found the miracles necessary to confirm their faith:
  and why?       Because they  had   lost   the sense of   a   present   God;   a   God of
  order; and therefore hankered; as men in such a mood always will; after
  prodigious   and   unnatural   proofs   of   His   having   been   once   present   with
  their founder Mohammed。
  And    in  the  meanwhile      that  absolute    and  omnipotent      Being   whom
  Mohammed;   arising   out of   his great   darkness; had   so   nobly  preached   to
  the    Koreish;     receded     in   the   minds     of   their   descendant