第 27 节
作者:莫莫言      更新:2022-08-21 16:32      字数:9322
  proclaimed。       And yet; even in this case; the desire for a child may have
  been the true cause of his weakness。             He did not see the whole truth; of
  course:      but   he   was   an   infinitely   better   man    than   the   men    around:
  perhaps; all in all; one of the best men of his day。             Many here may have
  read   Mr。   Carlyle's   vindication   of   Mohammed   in   his   Lectures   on   Hero
  Worship; to those who have not; I shall only say; that I entreat them to do
  so; and that I assure them; that though I differ in many things utterly from
  Mr。    Carlyle's   inferences    and   deductions     in  that  lecture;   yet  that   I  am
  convinced;       from   my    own     acquaintance      with   the   original    facts   and
  documents; that the picture there drawn of Mohammed is a true and a just
  description of a much…calumniated man。
  Now;     what   was    the  strength    of  Islam?     The    common       answer    is;
  fanaticism   and   enthusiasm。        To   such   answers   I   can   only   rejoin:  Such
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  terms   must   be   defined   before   they   are   used;   and   we   must   be   told   what
  fanaticism and enthusiasm are。             Till then I have no more e priori respect
  for a long word ending in …ism or …asm than I have for one ending in …ation
  or   …   ality。 But   while     fanaticism   and   enthusiasm   are   being        defineda
  work more difficult than is commonly fanciedwe will go on to consider
  another answer。        We are told that the strength of Islam lay in the hope of
  their sensuous Paradise and fear of their sensuous Gehenna。                     If so; this is
  the first and last time in the world's history that the strength of any large
  body of peopleperhaps of any single manlay in such a hope。                       History
  gives    us   innumerable      proofs    that  such    merely   selfish    motives     are  the
  parents   of   slavish   impotence;   of   pedantry   and   conceit;   of   pious   frauds;
  often of the most devilish cruelty:            but; as far as my reading extends; of
  nothing better。      Moreover; the Christian Greeks had much the same hopes
  on   those   points   as   the   Mussulmans;   and   similar   causes   should   produce
  similar     effects:    but    those    hopes    gave    them    no   strength。     Besides;
  according      to   the  Mussulmans'        own    account;    this   was   not   their   great
  inspiring idea; and it is absurd to consider the wild battle…cries of a few
  imaginative youths; about black…eyed and green… kerchiefed Houris calling
  to them from the skies; as representing the average feelings of a generation
  of sober and self…restraining men; who showed themselves actuated by far
  higher motives。
  Another   answer;   and   one   very   popular   now;   is   that   the   Mussulmans
  were strong; because they believed what they said; and the Greeks weak;
  because   they   did   not   believe   what   they   said。     From   this   notion   I   shall
  appeal to another doctrine of the very same men who put it forth; and ask
  them; Can any man be strong by believing a lie?                    Have you not told us;
  nobly   enough;   that   every   lie   is   by   its   nature   rotten;   doomed   to   death;
  certain to prove its own impotence; and be shattered to atoms the moment
  you try to use it; to bring it into rude actual contact with fact; and Nature;
  and   the   eternal   laws?     Faith   to   be   strong   must   be   faith   in   something
  which   is   not   one's   self;   faith   in   something   eternal;   something   objective;
  something   true;   which   would   exist   just   as   much   though   we   and   all   the
  world   disbelieved   it。      The   strength   of   belief   comes   from   that   which   is
  believed in; if you separate it from that; it becomes a mere self…opinion; a
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  sensation of positiveness; and what sort of strength that will give; history
  will tell us in the tragedies of the Jews who opposed Titus; of the rabble
  who     followed     Walter    the   Penniless    to  the   Crusades;     of   the  Munster
  Anabaptists; and many another sad page of human folly。                    It may give the
  fury of idiots; not the deliberate might of valiant men。              Let us pass this by;
  then;    believing    that   faith  can   only   give   strength    where    it  is  faith  in
  something true and right: and go on to another answer almost as popular
  as the last。
  We are told that the might of Islam lay in a certain innate force and
  savage   virtue   of   the Arab   character。      If   we   have   discovered   this   in   the
  followers      of   Mohammed;         they    certainly    had    not   discovered      it  in
  themselves。       They spoke of themselves; rightly or wrongly; as men who
  had received a divine light; and that light a moral light; to teach them to
  love   that   which   was   good;   and   refuse   that   which   was   evil;   and   to   that
  divine   light   they   stedfastly   and   honestly   attributed   every   right   action   of
  their lives。    Most noble and affecting; in my eyes; is that answer of Saad's
  aged envoy to Yezdegird; king of Persia; when he reproached him with the
  past   savagery   and   poverty   of   the   Arabs。     〃Whatsoever   thou   hast   said;〃
  answered the old man; 〃regarding the former condition of the Arabs is true。
  Their food was green lizards; they buried their infant daughters alive; nay;
  some   of   them   feasted   on   dead   carcases;   and   drank   blood;   while   others
  slew their kinsfolk; and thought themselves great and valiant; when by so
  doing they  became   possessed   of   more   property。 They  were   clothed   with
  hair   garments;   they   knew   not   good   from   evil;   and   made   no   distinction
  between   that   which   was   lawful   and   unlawful。        Such   was   our   state;   but
  God in his mercy has sent us; by a holy prophet; a sacred volume; which
  teaches us the true faith。〃
  These   words;   I   think;   show   us   the   secret   of   Islam。 They  are   a   just
  comment on that short and rugged chapter of the Koran which is said to
  have been Mohammed's first attempt either at prophecy or writing; when;
  after long fasting and meditation among the desert hills; under the glorious
  eastern stars; he came down and told his good Kadijah that he had found a
  great thing; and that she must help him to write it down。 And what was
  this which seemed to the unlettered camel…driver so priceless a treasure?
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  Not merely that God was one Godvast as that discovery wasbut that he
  was a God 〃who showeth to man the thing which he knew not;〃 a 〃most
  merciful God;〃 a God; in a word; who could be trusted; a God who would
  teach and strengthen; a God; as he said; who would give him courage to
  set his face like a flint; and would put an answer in his mouth when his
  idolatrous countrymen cavilled and sneered at his message to them; to turn
  from     their  idols   of  wood    and    stone;  and    become     righteous    men;   as
  Abraham their forefather was righteous。
  〃A  God   who   showeth   to   man   the   thing   which   he   knew   not。〃    That
  idea gave might to Islam; because it was a real idea; an eternal fact; the
  result   of   a  true   insight   into the   character of   God。 And   that idea   alone;
  believe   me;   will   give   conquering   might   either   to   creed;   philosophy;   or
  heart of man。       Each will be strong; each will endure; in proportion as it
  believes that God is one who shows to man the thing which he knew not:
  as it believes; in short; in that Logos of which Saint John wrote; that He
  was the light who lightens every man who comes into the world。
  In a word; the wild Koreish had discovered; more or less clearly; that
  end and object of all metaphysic whereof I have already spoken so often;
  that external and imperishable beauty for which Plato sought of old; and
  had seen that its name was righteousness; and that it dwelt absolutely in an
  absolutely     righteous     person;   and    moreover;     that  this  person    was    no
  careless self…contented epicurean deity; but that He was; as they loved to
  call Him; the most merciful God; that He cared for men; that He desired to
  make     men    righteous。     Of   that   they  could    not  doubt。    The     fact  was
  palpable; historic; present。        To them the degraded Koreish of the desert;
  who as t