第 9 节
作者:莫莫言      更新:2022-08-21 16:32      字数:9322
  themselves with reaffirming and verifying the conclusions of their earlier
  years; and too often; alas! with denying and anathematising all conclusions
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  which have been arrived at since their own meridian。                     It is sad:    but it is
  patent and common。            It is sad to think that the day may come to each of
  us;   when   we   shall   have   ceased   to   hope   for   discovery   and   for   progress;
  when a thing will seem e priori false to us; simply because it is new; and
  we shall be saying querulously to the Divine Light which lightens every
  man     who     comes    into   the   world:     〃Hitherto     shalt   thou    come;    and    no
  further。     Thou   hast   taught   men   enough;   yea   rather;   thou   hast   exhausted
  thine   own   infinitude;   and   hast   no   more   to   teach   them。〃      Surely   such   a
  temper is to be fought against; prayed against; both in ourselves; and in the
  generation      in   which    we    live。   Surely   there     is  no   reason    why   such    a
  temper  should   overtake   old   age。         There   may  be   reason   enough;   〃in   the
  nature of things。〃        For that which is of nature is born only to decay and
  die。   But   in   man   there   is   more   than   dying   nature;   there   is   spirit;   and   a
  capability of spiritual and everlasting life; which renews its youth like the
  eagle's;   and   goes   on   from   strength   to   strength;   and   which;   if   it   have   its
  autumns       and    its  winters;    has   no    less   its  ever…recurring      springs    and
  summers; if it has its Sabbaths; finds in them only rest and refreshment for
  coming   labour。        And   why   not   in   nations;   societies;   scientific   schools?
  These too are not merely natural:               they are spiritual; and are only living
  and   healthy  in   as   far   as   they  are   in   harmony  with   spiritual;   unseen;   and
  everlasting      laws    of   God。     May      not   they;   too;   have    a   capability    of
  everlasting life; as long as they obey those laws in faith; and patience; and
  humility?       We cannot deny the analogy between the individual man and
  these   societies   of   men。     We   cannot;   at   least;   deny  the   analogy   between
  them in growth; decay; and death。                May  we not have hope that it holds
  good also for that which can never die; and that if they do die; as this old
  Greek   society   did;   it   is   by   no   brute   natural   necessity;   but   by   their   own
  unfaithfulness to that which they knew; to that which they ought to have
  known?       It is always more hopeful; always; as I think; more philosophic;
  to throw the blame of failure on man; on our own selves; rather than on
  God;   and   the   perfect   law   of   His   universe。      At   least   let   us   be   sure   for
  ourselves; that such an old age as befell this Greek society; as befalls many
  a man nowadays; need not be our lot。                Let us be sure that earth shows no
  fairer sight   than   the   old   man;   whose   worn…out   brain   and   nerves   make   it
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  painful;   and   perhaps   impossible;   to   produce   fresh   thought   himself:        but
  who can yet welcome smilingly and joyfully the fresh thoughts of others;
  who   keeps   unwearied   his   faith   in   God's   government   of   the   universe;   in
  God's continual education of the human race; who draws around him the
  young   and   the   sanguine;   not   merely   to   check   their   rashness   by  his   wise
  cautions;     but   to  inspirit  their  sloth   by   the  memories      of   his  own    past
  victories; who hands over; without envy or repining; the lamp of truth to
  younger   runners   than   himself;   and   sits   contented   by;   bidding   the   new
  generation God speed along the paths untrodden by him; but seen afar off
  by faith。     A few such old persons have I seen; both men and women; in
  whom   the   young   heart       beat   pure   and   fresh;   beneath   the   cautious    and
  practised brain of age; and gray hairs which were indeed a crown of glory。
  A few such have I seen; and from them I seemed to learn what was the
  likeness   of   our   Father   who   is   in   heaven。   To   such   an   old   age   may   He
  bring you and me; and all for whom we are bound to pray。
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  LECTURE IITHE PTOLEMAIC
  ERA (Continued。)
  I said in my first Lecture; that even if royal influence be profitable for
  the prosecution of physical science; it cannot be profitable for art。               It can
  only produce a literary age; as it did in the Ptolemaic era; a generation of
  innumerable        court…poets;    artificial   epigrammatists;      artificial   idyllists;
  artificial   dramatists   and   epicists;   above   all;   a   generation   of   critics。 Or
  rather shall we say; that the dynasty was not the cause of a literary age; but
  only its correlative?       That when the old Greeks lost the power of being
  free; of being anything but the slaves of oriental despots; as the Ptolemies
  in reality  were;  they  lost   also the power   of   producing   true   works   of   art;
  because  they  had lost   that   youthful   vigour   of   mind   from  which   both   art
  and freedom sprang? Let the case be as it will; Alexandrian literature need
  not   detain   us   longthough;     alas!  it  has  detained    every   boy   who    ever
  trembled over his Greek grammar; for many a weary year; and; I cannot
  help suspecting; has   been the   main   cause   that   so   many  young   men   who
  have spent seven years in learning Greek; know nothing about it at the end
  of the seven。      For I must say; that as far as we can see; these Alexandrian
  pedants were thorough pedants; very polished and learned gentlemen; no
  doubt; and; like Callimachus; the pets of princes:              but after all; men who
  thought that they could make up for not writing great works themselves;
  by   showing;   with   careful   analysis   and   commentation;   how   men   used   to
  write them of old; or rather how they fancied men used to write them; for;
  consider;   if   they   had   really   known   how   the   thing   was   done;   they   must
  needs     have   been    able   to  do   it  themselves。     Thus     Callimachus;      the
  favourite   of   Ptolemy   Philadelphus;   and   librarian   of   his   Museum;   is   the
  most   distinguished   grammarian;   critic;   and   poet   of   his   day;   and   has   for
  pupils Eratosthenes; Apollonius Rhodius; Aristophanes of Byzantium; and
  a goodly list more。       He is an encyclopaedia in himself。           There is nothing
  the man does not know; or probably; if we spoke more correctly; nothing
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  he    does   not  know     about。    He    writes   on   history;  on   the   Museum;      on
  barbarous      names;    on   the  wonders     of  the   world;   on   public   games;     on
  colonisation; on winds; on birds; on the rivers of the world; and ominous
  subjecta sort of comprehensive history of Greek literature; with a careful
  classification      of  all  authors;    each    under    his   own     heading。     Greek
  literature    was   rather   in  the   sere  and   yellow    leaf;  be   sure;  when     men
  thought     of   writing    that  sort   of  thing   about    it。  But     still;  he  is  an
  encyclopaedic man; and; moreover; a poet。                He writes an epic; 〃Aitia;〃 in
  four books; on the causes of the myths; religious ceremonies; and so forth…
  …an ominous sign for the myths also; and the belief in them; also a Hecate;
  Galataea;      Glaucusfour      epics;    besides    comedies;     tragedies;     iambics;
  choriambics;   elegies;   hymns;   epigrams   seventy…threeand   of   these   last
  alone can we say that they are in any degree readable; and they are courtly;
  far…fetched; neat; and that is all。        Six hymns remain; and a few fragments
  of    the  elegies:     but    the  most    famous     elegy;    on   Berenice's    hair;   is
  preserved to us only in a Latin paraphrase of Catullus。                  It is curious; as
  the earliest instance we have of genuinely ungenuine Court poetry; and of
  the complimentary lie which does not even pretend to be true; the flattery
  which will not take the trouble to prevent your seeing that it is laughing in
  your face。
  Berenic