第 43 节
作者:天净沙      更新:2022-05-01 22:41      字数:9317
  objections I could think of to such a militia; which was printed; and had;
  as I thought; great effect。
  This   dialogue    and    the  militia   act  are   in  the   〃Gentleman's
  Magazine〃 for February and March; 1756。 'Marg。 note。'
  While the several companies in the city and country were forming and
  learning their   exercise; the   governor prevail'd with   me   to   take   charge of
  our North…western frontier; which was infested by the enemy; and provide
  for the defense of the inhabitants by raising troops and building a line of
  forts。   I   undertook   this   military   business;   tho'   I   did   not   conceive   myself
  well qualified   for   it。  He   gave   me   a   commission   with   full   powers;   and   a
  parcel of blank commissions for officers; to be given to whom I thought fit。
  I   had   but   little   difficulty   in   raising   men;   having   soon   five   hundred   and
  sixty under my command。 My son; who had in the preceding war been an
  officer   in   the   army   rais'd   against   Canada;   was   my   aid…de…camp;   and   of
  great use to me。 The Indians had burned Gnadenhut; a village settled by
  the Moravians; and massacred the inhabitants; but the place was thought a
  good situation for one of the forts。
  In order to march thither; I assembled the companies at Bethlehem; the
  chief establishment of those people。 I was surprised to find it in so good a
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  posture     of   defense;     the   destruction     of  Gnadenhut       had    made     them
  apprehend danger。 The principal buildings were defended by a stockade;
  they had purchased a quantity of arms and ammunition from New York;
  and     had   even    plac'd   quantities    of  small    paving    stones    between     the
  windows of their high stone houses; for their women to throw down upon
  the heads of any Indians that should attempt to force into them。 The armed
  brethren; too; kept watch; and reliev'd as methodically as in any garrison
  town。 In conversation with the bishop; Spangenberg; I mention'd this my
  surprise; for; knowing they had obtained an act of Parliament exempting
  them     from    military   duties   in  the   colonies;    I  had  suppos'd     they   were
  conscientiously  scrupulous   of   bearing   arms。   He   answer'd   me   that   it   was
  not    one   of  their  established     principles;    but  that;  at  the   time   of  their
  obtaining   that   act;   it   was   thought   to   be   a   principle   with   many   of   their
  people。 On this occasion; however; they; to their surprise; found it adopted
  by but a few。 It seems they were either deceiv'd in themselves; or deceiv'd
  the    Parliament;      but   common       sense;   aided    by    present    danger;    will
  sometimes be too strong for whimsical opinions。
  It was the beginning of January when we set out upon this business of
  building      forts。   I  sent   one    detachment       toward     the   Minisink;     with
  instructions to erect one for the security of that upper part of the country;
  and another to the lower part; with similar instructions; and I concluded to
  go myself with the rest of my force to Gnadenhut; where a fort was tho't
  more immediately necessary。 The Moravians procur'd me five waggons for
  our tools; stores; baggage; etc。
  Just before   we left Bethlehem;   eleven   farmers; who had   been driven
  from their plantations by the Indians; came to me requesting a supply of
  firearms;  that   they  might   go   back   and   fetch   off their   cattle。  I gave   them
  each   a   gun   with   suitable   ammunition。   We   had   not   march'd   many   miles
  before   it   began   to   rain;   and   it   continued   raining   all   day;   there   were   no
  habitations on the road to shelter us; till we arriv'd near night at the house
  of a German; where; and in his barn; we were all huddled together; as wet
  as water could make us。 It was well we were not attack'd in our march; for
  our arms were of the most ordinary sort; and our men could not keep their
  gun locks dry。 The Indians are dextrous in contrivances for that purpose;
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  which   we   had   not。   They   met   that   day   the   eleven   poor   farmers   above
  mentioned; and killed ten of them。 The one who escap'd inform'd that his
  and his companions' guns would not go off; the priming being wet with the
  rain。
  The   next   day   being   fair;   we   continu'd   our   march;   and   arriv'd   at   the
  desolated Gnadenhut。 There   was   a saw…mill   near;  round   which   were   left
  several piles of boards; with which we soon hutted ourselves; an operation
  the more necessary at that inclement season; as we had no tents。 Our first
  work was to bury more effectually the dead we found there; who had been
  half interr'd by the country people。
  The     next    morning      our   fort   was     plann'd    and    mark'd     out;   the
  circumference   measuring   four   hundred   and   fifty…five   feet;   which   would
  require as many palisades to be made of trees; one with another; of a foot
  diameter each。 Our axes; of which we had seventy; were immediately set
  to work to cut down trees; and; our men being dextrous in the use of them;
  great despatch was made。 Seeing the trees fall so fast; I had the curiosity to
  look at my watch when two men began to cut at a pine; in six minutes they
  had it upon the ground; and I found it of fourteen inches diameter。 Each
  pine made three palisades of eighteen feet long; pointed at one end。 While
  these were preparing; our other men dug a trench all round; of three feet
  deep;   in   which   the   palisades   were   to   be   planted;   and;   our   waggons;   the
  bodys being taken off; and the fore and hind wheels separated by taking
  out the pin which united the two parts of the perch; we had ten carriages;
  with two horses each; to bring the palisades from the woods to the spot。
  When   they  were   set   up;   our  carpenters   built   a  stage  of   boards   all   round
  within; about six feet high; for the men to stand on when to fire thro' the
  loopholes。   We   had   one   swivel   gun;   which   we   mounted   on   one   of   the
  angles; and   fir'd it as   soon as   fix'd; to   let the Indians   know; if   any  were
  within   hearing;   that   we   had   such   pieces;   and   thus   our   fort;   if   such  a
  magnificent name may be given to so miserable a stockade; was finish'd in
  a week;  though it   rain'd   so   hard   every  other   day  that the   men   could not
  work。
  This gave me occasion to observe; that; when men are employ'd; they
  are best content'd; for on the days they worked they were good…natur'd and
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  cheerful; and; with the consciousness of having done a good day's work;
  they spent the evening jollily; but on our idle days they were mutinous and
  quarrelsome; finding fault with their pork; the bread; etc。; and in continual
  ill…humor;   which   put   me   in   mind   of   a   sea…captain;   whose   rule   it   was   to
  keep his men constantly at work; and; when his mate once told him that
  they had done every thing; and there was nothing further to employ them
  about; 〃Oh;〃 says he; 〃Make them scour the anchor。〃
  This kind of fort; however contemptible; is a sufficient defense against
  Indians; who have no cannon。 Finding ourselves now posted securely; and
  having a place to retreat to on occasion; we ventur'd out in parties to scour
  the adjacent country。 We met with no Indians; but we found the places on
  the neighboring hills where they had lain to watch our proceedings。 There
  was an art in their contrivance of those places; that seems worth mention。
  It being winter; a fire was necessary for them; but a common fire on the
  surface of the ground would by its light have discovered their position at a
  distance。   They   had   therefore   dug   holes   in   the   ground   about   three   feet
  diameter;      and   somewhat      deeper;    we    saw    where    they   had    with   their
  hatchets   cut   off   the   charcoal   from   the   sides   of   burnt   logs   lying   in   the
  woods。 With these   coals   they  had   made   small   fires   in   the bottom  of   the
  holes;   and   we   observ'd   among   the   weeds   and   grass   the   prints   of   their
  bodies; made by their laying all round; with their legs hanging down in the
  holes to keep their feet warm; which; with them; is an essential point。 This
  kind of fire; so manag'd; could not discover them; either by its light; flame;
  sparks; or