第 41 节
作者:天净沙      更新:2022-05-01 22:41      字数:9322
  very sincerely and truly your friend and well…wisher; B。 FRANKLIN。〃
  I received of the general about eight hundred pounds; to be disbursed
  in   advance…money         to  the   waggon      owners;     etc。;  but;  that   sum    being
  insufficient; I advanc'd upward of two hundred pounds more; and in two
  weeks the one hundred and fifty waggons; with two hundred and fifty…nine
  carrying   horses;   were   on   their   march   for   the   camp。   The   advertisement
  promised payment according to the valuation; in case any waggon or horse
  should be lost。 The owners; however; alleging they did not know General
  Braddock; or what dependence might be had on his promise; insisted on
  my bond for the performance; which I accordingly gave them。
  While   I   was   at   the   camp;   supping   one   evening   with   the   officers   of
  Colonel      Dunbar's    regiment;     he   represented     to  me   his  concern     for  the
  subalterns;   who;   he   said;   were   generally   not   in   affluence;   and   could   ill
  afford; in this dear country; to lay in the stores that might be necessary in
  so long a march; thro' a wilderness; where nothing was to be purchas'd。 I
  commiserated their case; and resolved to endeavor procuring them some
  relief。 I said nothing; however; to him of my intention; but wrote the next
  morning   to   the   committee   of   the Assembly;   who   had   the   disposition   of
  some public   money;   warmly  recommending  the   case of   these officers   to
  their  consideration;  and   proposing  that   a   present   should be   sent   them  of
  necessaries   and   refreshments。   My   son;   who   had   some   experience   of   a
  camp life; and of its wants; drew up a list for me; which I enclos'd in my
  letter。 The committee approv'd; and used such diligence that; conducted by
  my   son;   the   stores   arrived   at   the   camp   as   soon   as   the   waggons。   They
  consisted of twenty parcels; each containing
  6   lbs。 loaf  sugar。  1   Gloucester   cheese。  6 lbs。  good   Muscovado   do。   1
  kegg containing 20 lbs。 good 1 lb。 good green tea。 butter。 1 lb。 good bohea
  do。 2 doz。 old Madeira wine。 6 lbs。 good ground coffee。 2 gallons Jamaica
  spirits。   6   lbs。   chocolate。   1   bottle   flour   of   mustard。   1…2   cwt。   best   white
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  biscuit。 2 well…cur'd hams。 1…2 lb。 pepper。 1…2 dozen dry'd tongues。 1 quart
  best white wine vinegar 6 lbs。 rice。 6 lbs。 raisins。
  These   twenty   parcels;   well   pack'd;   were   placed   on   as   many   horses;
  each   parcel;   with   the   horse;   being   intended   as   a   present   for   one   officer。
  They   were   very   thankfully   receiv'd;   and   the   kindness   acknowledg'd   by
  letters   to   me   from   the   colonels   of   both   regiments;   in   the   most   grateful
  terms。 The general; too; was highly satisfied with my conduct in procuring
  him   the   waggons;   etc。;   and   readily   paid   my   account   of   disbursements;
  thanking   me   repeatedly;   and   requesting   my   farther   assistance   in   sending
  provisions after him。 I undertook this also; and was busily employ'd in it
  till we heard of his defeat; advancing for the service of my own money;
  upwards of one thousand pounds sterling; of which I sent him an account。
  It came to his hands; luckily for me; a few days before the battle; and he
  return'd me immediately an order on the paymaster for the round sum of
  one thousand pounds; leaving the remainder to the next account。 I consider
  this    payment      as  good     luck;   having     never    been    able    to  obtain    that
  remainder; of which more hereafter。
  This general was; I think; a brave man; and might probably have made
  a   figure   as   a   good   officer   in   some   European   war。   But   he   had   too   much
  self…confidence; too high an opinion of the validity of regular troops; and
  too   mean   a   one   of   both   Americans   and   Indians。   George   Croghan;   our
  Indian   interpreter;   join'd   him   on   his   march   with   one   hundred   of   those
  people; who might have been of great use to his army as guides; scouts;
  etc。; if he had treated them kindly; but he slighted and neglected them; and
  they gradually left him。
  In conversation with him one day; he was giving me some account of
  his   intended   progress。   〃After   taking   Fort   Duquesne;〃   says   he;   〃I   am   to
  proceed to Niagara; and; having taken that; to Frontenac; if the season will
  allow   time;   and   I   suppose   it   will;   for   Duquesne   can   hardly   detain   me
  above   three   or   four   days;   and   then   I   see   nothing   that   can   obstruct   my
  march to Niagara。〃 Having before revolv'd in my  mind the long line his
  army must make in their march by a very narrow road; to be cut for them
  thro' the woods and bushes; and also what I had read of a former defeat of
  fifteen hundred French; who invaded the Iroquois country; I had conceiv'd
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  some doubts and some fears for the event of the campaign。 But I ventur'd
  only to say; 〃To be sure; sir; if you arrive well before Duquesne; with these
  fine troops; so well provided with artillery; that place not yet compleatly
  fortified; and as we hear with no very strong garrison; can probably make
  but a short resistance。 The only danger I apprehend of obstruction to your
  march   is    from   ambuscades       of  Indians;    who;   by   constant    practice;   are
  dexterous   in   laying   and   executing   them;   and   the   slender   line;   near   four
  miles long; which your army must make; may expose it to be attack'd by
  surprise in its flanks; and to be cut like a thread into several pieces; which;
  from their distance; can not come up in time to support each other。〃
  He smil'd at my ignorance; and reply'd; 〃These savages may; indeed;
  be a formidable enemy to your raw American militia; but upon the king's
  regular and disciplin'd troops; sir; it is impossible they should make   any
  impression。〃   I   was   conscious   of   an   impropriety   in   my   disputing   with   a
  military man in matters of his profession; and said no more。 The enemy;
  however; did not take the advantage of his army which I apprehended its
  long line of march expos'd it to; but let it advance without interruption till
  within nine miles of the place; and then; when more in a body (for it had
  just passed a river; where the front had halted till all were come over); and
  in   a   more   open   part   of   the   woods   than   any   it   had   pass'd;   attack'd   its
  advanced guard by a heavy fire from behind trees and bushes; which was
  the first intelligence the general had of an enemy's being near him。 This
  guard     being    disordered;     the   general    hurried    the   troops    up   to  their
  assistance;   which   was   done   in   great   confusion;   thro'   waggons;   baggage;
  and cattle; and presently the fire came upon their flank: the officers; being
  on horseback; were more easily distinguish'd; pick'd out as marks; and fell
  very fast; and the soldiers were crowded together in a huddle; having or
  hearing no orders; and standing to be shot at till two…thirds of them were
  killed;    and    then;   being    seiz'd   with   a   panick;    the   whole    fled   with
  precipitation。
  The waggoners took each a horse out of his team and scamper'd; their
  example   was   immediately   followed   by   others;   so   that   all   the   waggons;
  provisions; artillery; and stores were left to the enemy。 The general; being
  wounded; was brought off with difficulty; his secretary; Mr。 Shirley; was
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  killed by his side; and out of eighty…six officers; sixty…three were killed or
  wounded;       and   seven    hundred     and   fourteen    men    killed   out   of  eleven
  hundred。 These eleven hundred had been picked men from the whole army;
  the rest had been left behind with Colonel Dunbar; who was to follow with
  the   heavier   part   of   the   stores;   provisions;   and   baggage。   The   flyers;   not
  being pursu'd; arriv'd at Dunbar's camp; and the panick they brought with
  them instantly seiz'd him and all his people; and; tho' he had now above
  one   thousand   men;   and   the   enemy  who   bad   beaten   Braddock   did   not   at
  most     exceed     four   hundred     Indians     and   French     together;    instead    of
  proceeding;      and    endeavoring      to  recover    some    of  the   lost  honour;    he
  ordered all the stores; ammunition; etc。; t